What are some conditions involving pupil size and function Flashcards
Both pupils may be constricted or dilated due to what?
Brain injury, prescription, or illegal drug use
Both pupils may be constricted or dilated due to what?
Brain injury, prescription, or illegal drug use
The conditions of pupil size and function ________ except for coloboma and Argyll Robertson pupil?
unilateral
What two conditions of pupil size and function are NOT unilateral?
Coloboma and Argyll Robertson pupil
This is pupil inequality
Physiologic (congenital) anisocoria
Physiologic anisocoria is pupil inequality of what size?
Are there companion symptoms associated with physiological anisocoria?
no
Inequality of pupil size.
Anisocoria
What can cause anisocoria?
Congenital, associated with head trauma or diseases of the nervous system.
A fixed, dilated pupil with poor response to the papillary reflexes.
Adie’s tonic pupil
Most cases of Adie’s’ tonic pupil are what?
Idiopathic
Failure of the iris to close during fetal development is called what?
coloboma
Coloboma is what shaped iris?
Keyhole-shaped
An irregular shaped pupil due to an adhesion.
Synechia
Synechia adheres what?
Part of the iris to the cornea in front of it or the lens behind it.
Synechia is secondary to what?
Trauma, surgery, cataracts, glaucoma, iritis, or other eye infections.
Synechia can lead to what?
Rapidly acute glaucoma and potential blindness in that eye.
Synechia can lead to what?
Rapidly acute glaucoma and potential blindness in that eye.
The conditions of pupil size and function ________ except for coloboma and Argyll Robertson pupil?
unilateral
What two conditions of pupil size and function are NOT unilateral?
Coloboma and Argyll Robertson pupil
This is pupil inequality
Physiologic (congenital) anisocoria
Physiologic anisocoria is pupil inequality of what size?
The damage to the cervical sympathetic trunk in Horner’s syndrome is from what?
mediastinal tumors
bronchogenic or metastatic cancer
Inequality of pupil size.
Anisocoria
What can cause anisocoria?
Congenital, associated with head trauma or diseases of the nervous system.
A fixed, dilated pupil with poor response to the papillary reflexes.
Adie’s tonic pupil
Most cases of Adie’s’ tonic pupil are what?
Idiopathic
Failure of the iris to close during fetal development is called what?
coloboma
Coloboma is what shaped iris?
Keyhole-shaped
An irregular shaped pupil due to an adhesion.
Synechia
Synechia adheres what?
Part of the iris to the cornea in front of it or the lens behind it.
Synechia is secondary to what?
Trauma, surgery, cataracts, glaucoma, iritis, or other eye infections.
Synechia can block what?
The flow of aqueous fluid
Synechia can lead to what?
Rapidly acute glaucoma and potential blindness in that eye.
What can cause Argyll Robertson pupil?
CNS defect resulting from syphilis
Argyll Robertson pupil has a decrease or no response to what? But DOES respond to what?
Light reflexes
accommodation
This condition results in mitosis and mild eye ptosis?
Horner syndrome
Horner syndrome is due to what?
Interruption of sympathetic nerve supply to the eye.
Horner syndrome is often associated with damage to what?
Cervical sympathetic trunk.
The damage to the cervical sympathetic trunk in Horner’s syndrome is from what?
mediastinal tumors
bronchogenic or metastatic cancer
Acute glaucoma called
Narrow angle
What people are prone to acute glaucoma?
People with a shallow anterior chamber
What becomes blocked in acute glaucoma?
Canal of Schlemm
What happens in acute glaucoma?
Canal of Schlemm is blocked and aqueous fluid builds up rapidly in the eye.
What signs and symptoms are associated with acute glaucoma?
Severe eye pain, blurred vision, report of seeing colored lights around bright objects, corneal edema, conjunctiva and perilimbal injection and a fixed dilated pupil.
Unless the pressure can be reduced in acute glaucoma it will cause blindness in how long?
2-5 days
What is the most common form of glaucoma?
chronic
How to optometrist and ophthalmologist routinely assess people at risk of glaucoma?
“puff test”
tonometry
perimetry
How can you distinguish btw benign red eye of conjunctivitis from red eye due to corneal abrasions, iritis, or acute glaucoma?
Conjunctivitis - blood vessels dilate from periphery (doesn’t touch limbus), vision is clear, burning/itching is mild. Both eyes involved simultaneously.
Others - blood vessel dilate from limbus –> periphery, conjunctiva and perilimbal injection (circumcorneal/ culinary), reported injury to eye, vision is infected, constricted pupil, ocular pain is a lot.
What are warnings signs/symptoms of acute glaucoma?
Sudden, unexpected, escalating eye pain and/or altered vision in one eye, corneal edema, perilimbal and conjunctiva injection.
