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10th cards > WH chapter 13 > Flashcards

WH chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

earliest known inhabitants of the British Isles

A

Celts

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2
Q

a special group of Celtic men who acted as teachers, judges, and priests

A

Druids

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3
Q

Germanic tribes that invaded the Celts

A

Angles, Saxons, and Jutes

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4
Q

wandering poets who write long poems about war heroes

A

scops

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5
Q

a missionary appointed by Pope Gregory I

A

Augustine

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6
Q

First Archbishop of Canterbury

A

Augustine

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7
Q

a group of Vikings who controlled most of England by 870

A

Danes

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8
Q

first great English king

A

Alfred the Great (Saxon)

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9
Q

became king of England in 1016

A

Canute the Dane

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10
Q

people who fought the Battle of Hastings

A

William the Conqueror (Duke of Normandy who won) and Harold Godwin (the most powerful noble)

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11
Q

line of kings named for Henry II

A

Plantagenet Kings (he wore a flower)

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12
Q

laws common to all men based on case-by-case study

A

common law (Plantagenet)

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13
Q

group of people called to give a verdict in regard to legal matter

A

trial by jury (Plantagenet)

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14
Q

Henry II’s son who spent only 6 months in England

A

Richard the Lionhearted (Plantagenet)

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15
Q

Richard the Lionhearted’s mother who ran the kingdom

A

Eleanor of Aquitaine

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16
Q

most hated king in English history

A

John

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17
Q

one for the most important documents in the history of the world

A

Magna Carta

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18
Q

_____ clearly defined the ancient rights and privileges of the people

A

Magna Carta (Great Charter)

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19
Q

written plan that set up a form of government and establishes its basic government principles

A

constitution

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20
Q

John’s son who was a weak king of England

A

Henry III

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21
Q

____ led a rebellion of nobles and called the first meeting of Parliament

A

Simon de Montfort

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22
Q

first pure Englishman since the Norman conquest

A

Edward I (“Longshanks”)

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23
Q

_____ established Model Parliament

A

Edward I (Plantagenet)

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24
Q

war fought between England and France for several years

A

Hundred Years’ War

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25
Q

peasant girl who led the French army to a few victories before she was captured

A

Joan of Arc

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26
Q

______ won the Hundred Years’ War

A

France (England lost all their land in France except the port of Calais)

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27
Q

the last Plantagenet king who lost the throne and “played tyrant”

A

Richard II

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28
Q

started the dynasty of Lancaster

A

Henry IV

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29
Q

Lancasterian king who went insane

A

Henry VI

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30
Q

Duke of York who became king

A

Edward IV

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31
Q

the War of Roses was fought between _____

A

the House of Lancaster and the House of York

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32
Q

first Tudor king of England who united the Yorks and Lancasters in marriage

A

Henry VII (won the War of Roses at the Battle of Bosworth Field)

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33
Q

_______ marks the beginning of the modern nation of France

A

the Capetian line of kings that began with Hugh Capet

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34
Q

Capetian king who challenged the nobles’ power

A

Louis VI

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35
Q

____ made the French monarchy stronger than any other single noble

A

Philip Augustus (II)

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36
Q

became one of France’s most memorable kings

A

Louis IX

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37
Q

made France the most powerful country in Europe

A

Louis IX

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38
Q

reigned as a French king during the climax of quarrel with the papacy (Pope Boniface VIII)

A

Philip IV

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39
Q

French version of Parliament

A

Estates-General

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40
Q

Spain is located on the _______

A

Iberian Peninsula

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41
Q

large prosperous city founded by the Phoenicians on the Iberian Peninsula

A

Cadiz

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42
Q

Roman name for Spain

A

Hispania

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43
Q

Muslim Moors invaded Spain in ___

A

711

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44
Q

great center of Moorish culture and Spain’s capital at the time

A

Cordova

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45
Q

famous alcazar in Granada

A

Alhambra

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46
Q

Spanish crusade to take back Spain from the Moors (11th Century)

A

Reconquista

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47
Q

kingdom of Spain that became the most powerful and led the other kingdoms in conquering the northern half of Spain

A

Castile

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48
Q

Spanish national hero who recaptured Valencia

A

El Cid

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49
Q

_____ united the kingdoms of Aragon and Castile

A

Ferdinand and Isabella

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50
Q

Columbus’s discovery of the New World sparked ______ for Spain

A

“Golden Century”

51
Q

wrote a grammar book for the Castilians’ language that became the basis for the modern Spanish tongue

A

Antonio de Nebrija

52
Q

thousands of Moors, Jews, and other non-Romanists faced torture, imprisonment, exile, or death

A

Spanish Inquisition

53
Q

first Grand Inquisitor of the Spanish Inquisition

A

Torquemada

54
Q

Roman name for Portugal

55
Q

French knight named Count of Portugal

A

Henry of Burgundy

56
Q

Portugal became independent under _____

A

Alfonso Henriques

57
Q

Portugal’s capital city

58
Q

_______ ‘s reign marked the beginning of Portugal’s greatest days of glory

59
Q

when the European nations began in earnest to explore distant lands

A

Age of Exploration

60
Q

name for modern European civilization

A

Western Civilization

61
Q

Viking explorer from before the age of exploration

A

Leif Ericson

62
Q

device used to measure stars above the horizon

63
Q

son of Italian merchant who wrote “The Kingdoms and Marvels of the East”

A

Marco Polo

64
Q

major objective of the age of exploration

A

find a sea route to the Far East

65
Q

the son of King John I who spent his life avidly promoting Portuguese navigation

A

Prince Henry the Navigator

66
Q

sailed to the southern tip of Africa at the Cape of Good Hope

A

Bartolomeu Dias

67
Q

rounded the Cape of Good Hope and was the first to reach the Far East by sea

A

Vasco de Gama

68
Q

Italian explorer who planned to conquer the “Indies”

A

Christopher Columbus

69
Q

Columbus:
1. set sail
2. arrived at the New World

A
  1. Aug. 3, 1492
  2. Oct. 12, 1492
70
Q

the New World took its name to honor his explorations and writings

A

Amerigo Vespucci

71
Q

tribe on San Salvador

72
Q

tribe whom the Carribeans get their name from

73
Q

Built the first great civilization in the Western Hemisphere

A

Mayans (Yucatan Peninsula)

74
Q

the most important civilization in South America

A

Incas (Peru/Andes Mtns.)

75
Q

Incan language still spoken in Peru today

76
Q

most powerful empire in the Western Hemisphere at the beginning of the Age of Exploration

77
Q

capital city of the Aztec empire that is modern day Mexico City

A

Tenochtitlan

78
Q

“conquerors” who eagerly explored the New World in hopes of bringing glory to Spain and spreading Romanism

A

Spanish conquistadors

79
Q

first Spanish explorer to land on the North American mainland

A

Ponce de Leon

80
Q

crossed the Isthmus of Panama and discovered the Pacific Ocean

A

Vasco de Balboa

81
Q

Portuguese sailor who went on a three-year voyage around the world and was the first to circumnavigate the globe

A

Ferdinand Magellan

82
Q

conquered the Aztecs and their chieftain Montezuma II

A

Hernando Cortes

83
Q

conquered the Inca of Peru

A

Francisco Pizarro

84
Q

discovered the Grand Canyon

A

Francisco Coronado

85
Q

discovered the Mississippi River

A

Hernando de Soto

86
Q

explored the coast of California

A

Juan Cabrillo

87
Q

ended the rivalry between Spain and Portugal over land in the New World

A

Line of Demarcation

88
Q

discovered Brazil for Portugal

A

Pedro Cabral

89
Q

supposed water route through North America to the Pacific

A

Northwest Passage

90
Q

discovered the St. Lawrence River

A

Jacques Cartier

91
Q

first modern explorer to reach the North American mainland

A

John Cabot

92
Q

line of kings that was known for making laws

A

Plantagenet

93
Q

the ______ recognized the Bible is more important than any book about man or any other subject

A

Northern Renaissance

94
Q

master of the Hebrew language who revolutionized the study of the Old Testament

A

Johann Reuchlin

95
Q

Reuchlin’s great nephew, master of Greek, Latin, Classical Literature, and the Word of God; called the “Preceptor of Germany”

A

Philipp Melanchthon

96
Q

dean of St. Paul’s Cathedral in London who established St. Paul’s School

A

John Colet

97
Q

king’s chancellor influenced by Colet and the humanities who was executed by King Henry VIII

A

Thomas More

98
Q

produced the first printed English translation of the New Testament from the original Greek

A

William Tyndale

99
Q

one of the leading French Renaissance scholars; translated the Vulgate to French

A

Jacques Lefevre d’Etaples

100
Q

started the Protestant Reformation

A

Martin Luther

101
Q

a friar who sold indulgences throughout Germany

102
Q

statements Luther posted on the church in Wittenburg’s door

A

Ninety-five Theses

103
Q

prince of Germany at Luther’s time

A

Frederick the Wise

104
Q

an assembly of princes and high church officials

105
Q

____ was at odds with the papacy; the pope’s representative, Cardinal Cajetan tried to get Luther to retract his Theses and he refused, saying the pope could make mistakes

A

Diet of Augsburg

106
Q

renowned Romanist theologian who Luther debated at Leipzig; Luther was forced to clarify his views and Theses

A

Johann Eck

107
Q

Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire that declared Martin Luther a heretic and outlaw at the Diet of Worms with the Edict of Worms

108
Q

name Luther used while hiding in Frederick the Wise’s Wartburg Castle

A

“Knight George”

109
Q

scholar from the Netherlands who was the most famous figure of the Northern Renaissance and translated the New Testament into Greek

A

Desiderius Erasmus

110
Q

a priest in Switzerland who attacked the sale of indulgences and was called the people’s priest

A

Ulrich Zwingli

111
Q

French Protestant who wrote “The Institutes of the Christian Religion”

A

John Calvin

112
Q

single most influential reformation book apart from the Bible

A

“The Institutes of the Christian Religion” (by John Calvin)

113
Q

group of Swiss Protestants led by Conrad Grebel

A

Anabaptists (“rebaptizer”)

114
Q

Scottish hero

A

Sir William Wallace

115
Q

poem written by scops

116
Q

William the Conqueror’s census

A

the Doomsday Book

117
Q
  1. where was the Magna Carta signed
  2. what did it allow
A
  1. Runnymede Meadow
  2. habeas corpus, trial by jury, no taxation without representation
118
Q

where did Christopher Columbus land

A

San Salvador

119
Q

Martin Luther’s most famous hymn

A

“A Mighty Fortress is our God”

120
Q

Luther’s wife

A

Katharina von Bora

121
Q

Luther encouraged _____ for education

A

popular education

122
Q

first Protestant university

A

University of Wittenburg

123
Q

reformer who was centered in Geneva

A

John Calvin (Calvinists)

10th cards (5 decks)

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