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10th cards > Bio quiz 9.1-9.2 > Flashcards

Bio quiz 9.1-9.2 Flashcards

1
Q

chemical process of life

A

metabolism

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2
Q

elements and compounds the body needs for energy, repair, and growth

A

nutrients

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3
Q

energy content of food

A

Calorie

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4
Q

fat cells

A

adipose cells

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5
Q

being severely overweight because of excess body fat

A

obesity

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6
Q

nutrients that are needed in relatively large amounts

A

macronutrients

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7
Q

vitamins and minerals that are needed in much smaller quantities

A

micronutrients

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8
Q

the most important energy producing compounds in the cell that provide most of the energy for living things

A

carbohydrates

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9
Q

simplest of the carbohydrates

A

sugars

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10
Q

monosaccharides (simple sugars) and disaccharides (two monosaccharides combined) are _______

A

simple carbohydrates

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11
Q

polysaccharides, formed by long chains of simple carbohydrates, are _____

A

complex carbohydrates

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12
Q

complex organic molecules used to build and maintain living cells

A

proteins

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13
Q

______ are the building blocks of proteins

A

amino acids

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14
Q

varied group of compounds characterized by their insolubility (inability to dissolve) in water

A

lipids

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15
Q

simplest type of lipid molecule

A

fatty acid

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16
Q

fatty acids combined into larger molecules form

A

fats

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17
Q

_____ is a lipid used to make bile and hormones and is used in cell membranes and transports nutrients

A

cholesterol

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18
Q

energy carrier of the cell and stores chemical energy temporarily

A

ATP

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19
Q

important organic substances found in plants and animals and foods made from them

A

vitamins

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20
Q

two groups of vitamins

A

water-soluble and fat-soluble

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21
Q

molecules that assist a cells’s enzymes in performing their jobs

A

coenzymes

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22
Q

substances that neutralize harmful molecules called free radicals

A

antioxidants

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23
Q

important inorganic nutrients needed for proper growth and repair of body tissues

A

minerals

24
Q

iron and iodine are called _____ because, though vitally important, they are needed in extremely small quantities

A

trace elements

25
Q

much of a person’s body weight is made up of _____

A

water

26
Q

condition where the body can’t maintain water balance

A

edema

27
Q

tube of the digestive system that includes the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, and the small and large intestines

A

alimentary canal

28
Q

changing of food substances with large, complex chemical molecules into substances with smaller, less complex molecules

A

digestion

29
Q

catalysts produced by living cells that speed up chemical changes but aren’t consumed by the process

A

enzymes

30
Q

control digestion and are produced by tiny secreting bodies called digestive glands

A

digestive enzymes

31
Q

mouth

A

oral cavity

32
Q

pushes food between the teeth and helps mix the food with mucus and saliva

A

tongue

33
Q

small ball of food

A

bolus

34
Q

digestive glands of the mouth

A

salivary glands

35
Q

sticky digestive juice

A

saliva

36
Q

cut, break, or crush food into smaller pieces so that it may be more easily digested.

A

teeth

37
Q

begins digesting starch and breaking it down to sugar

A

salivary amylase

38
Q

four front cutting teeth

A

incisors

39
Q

two tearing teeth

A

cuspids

40
Q

four light-grinding teeth that are in pairs on each side of the jaw next to the cuspids

A

bicuspids

41
Q

six heavy-grinding teeth arranged three to a side at the back of the jaw

A

molars

42
Q

last molar on each side of the jaw

A

wisdom tooth

43
Q
  1. first set of teeth that appear early in life and are lost
  2. second set of teeth that are larger and used in adult life
A
  1. primary teeth
  2. permanent teeth
44
Q

chewing

A

mastication

45
Q
  1. visible part of the tooth
  2. anchors the tooth below the gum
  3. inside of the tooth
  4. mineral substance that covers 1 and is the hardest substance in the human body
A
  1. crown
  2. root
  3. pulp
  4. enamel
46
Q

makes teeth more resistant to decay by strengthening the enamel

A

fluoride

47
Q

throat, funnel-shaped cavity at the back of the oral cavity

A

pharynx

48
Q

cavities, or tooth decay; most common disease in man

A

dental caries

49
Q

sticky, colorless film of bacteria that constantly forms on teeth

A

plaque

50
Q

hard deposit of plaque that is not removed

A

tartar (calculus)

51
Q

extended neglect or improper oral hygiene can result in ______

A

periodontal disease

52
Q

disease where gums are likely to bleed

A

gingivitis

53
Q

disease where gums detach from the teeth and the bones supporting the teeth are destroyed

A

periodontitis

54
Q

long muscular tube connecting the pharynx to the stomach, that lies behind the trachea

A

esophagus

55
Q

rhythmic wave of muscular contractions of the esophagus and digestive tract

A

peristalsis

56
Q

small flap of cartilage in the pharynx that closes the top of the trachea as you swallow to prevent food from entering the respiratory tract

A

epiglottis

10th cards (3 decks)

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