Bio quiz 9.1-9.2

Question 1

chemical process of life

Answer 1

metabolism

Question 2

elements and compounds the body needs for energy, repair, and growth

Answer 2

nutrients

Question 3

energy content of food

Answer 3

Calorie

Question 4

fat cells

Answer 4

adipose cells

Question 5

being severely overweight because of excess body fat

Answer 5

obesity

Question 6

nutrients that are needed in relatively large amounts

Answer 6

macronutrients

Question 7

vitamins and minerals that are needed in much smaller quantities

Answer 7

micronutrients

Question 8

the most important energy producing compounds in the cell that provide most of the energy for living things

Answer 8

carbohydrates

Question 9

simplest of the carbohydrates

Answer 9

sugars

Question 10

monosaccharides (simple sugars) and disaccharides (two monosaccharides combined) are _______

Answer 10

simple carbohydrates

Question 11

polysaccharides, formed by long chains of simple carbohydrates, are _____

Answer 11

complex carbohydrates

Question 12

complex organic molecules used to build and maintain living cells

Answer 12

proteins

Question 13

______ are the building blocks of proteins

Answer 13

amino acids

Question 14

varied group of compounds characterized by their insolubility (inability to dissolve) in water

Answer 14

lipids

Question 15

simplest type of lipid molecule

Answer 15

fatty acid

Question 16

fatty acids combined into larger molecules form

Answer 16

fats

Question 17

_____ is a lipid used to make bile and hormones and is used in cell membranes and transports nutrients

Answer 17

cholesterol

Question 18

energy carrier of the cell and stores chemical energy temporarily

Answer 18

ATP

Question 19

important organic substances found in plants and animals and foods made from them

Answer 19

vitamins

Question 20

two groups of vitamins

Answer 20

water-soluble and fat-soluble

Question 21

molecules that assist a cells’s enzymes in performing their jobs

Answer 21

coenzymes

Question 22

substances that neutralize harmful molecules called free radicals

Answer 22

antioxidants

Question 23

important inorganic nutrients needed for proper growth and repair of body tissues

Answer 23

minerals

Question 24

iron and iodine are called _____ because, though vitally important, they are needed in extremely small quantities

Answer 24

trace elements

Question 25

much of a person's body weight is made up of _____

Answer 25

water

Question 26

condition where the body can't maintain water balance

Answer 26

edema

Question 27

tube of the digestive system that includes the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, and the small and large intestines

Answer 27

alimentary canal

Question 28

changing of food substances with large, complex chemical molecules into substances with smaller, less complex molecules

Answer 28

digestion

Question 29

catalysts produced by living cells that speed up chemical changes but aren’t consumed by the process

Answer 29

enzymes

Question 30

control digestion and are produced by tiny secreting bodies called digestive glands

Answer 30

digestive enzymes

Question 31

mouth

Answer 31

oral cavity

Question 32

pushes food between the teeth and helps mix the food with mucus and saliva

Answer 32

tongue

Question 33

small ball of food

Answer 33

bolus

Question 34

digestive glands of the mouth

Answer 34

salivary glands

Question 35

sticky digestive juice

Answer 35

saliva

Question 36

cut, break, or crush food into smaller pieces so that it may be more easily digested.

Answer 36

teeth

Question 37

begins digesting starch and breaking it down to sugar

Answer 37

salivary amylase

Question 38

four front cutting teeth

Answer 38

incisors

Question 39

two tearing teeth

Answer 39

cuspids

Question 40

four light-grinding teeth that are in pairs on each side of the jaw next to the cuspids

Answer 40

bicuspids

Question 41

six heavy-grinding teeth arranged three to a side at the back of the jaw

Answer 41

molars

Question 42

last molar on each side of the jaw

Answer 42

wisdom tooth

Question 43

1. first set of teeth that appear early in life and are lost 2. second set of teeth that are larger and used in adult life

Answer 43

1. primary teeth 2. permanent teeth

Question 44

chewing

Answer 44

mastication

Question 45

1. visible part of the tooth 2. anchors the tooth below the gum 3. inside of the tooth 4. mineral substance that covers 1 and is the hardest substance in the human body

Answer 45

1. crown 2. root 3. pulp 4. enamel

Question 46

makes teeth more resistant to decay by strengthening the enamel

Answer 46

fluoride

Question 47

throat, funnel-shaped cavity at the back of the oral cavity

Answer 47

pharynx

Question 48

cavities, or tooth decay; most common disease in man

Answer 48

dental caries

Question 49

sticky, colorless film of bacteria that constantly forms on teeth

Answer 49

plaque

Question 50

hard deposit of plaque that is not removed

Answer 50

tartar (calculus)

Question 51

extended neglect or improper oral hygiene can result in ______

Answer 51

periodontal disease

Question 52

disease where gums are likely to bleed

Answer 52

gingivitis

Question 53

disease where gums detach from the teeth and the bones supporting the teeth are destroyed

Answer 53

periodontitis

Question 54

long muscular tube connecting the pharynx to the stomach, that lies behind the trachea

Answer 54

esophagus

Question 55

rhythmic wave of muscular contractions of the esophagus and digestive tract

Answer 55

peristalsis

Question 56

small flap of cartilage in the pharynx that closes the top of the trachea as you swallow to prevent food from entering the respiratory tract

Answer 56

epiglottis