Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

APS 124 - ecosystems > wetlands to global climate change > Flashcards

wetlands to global climate change Flashcards

1
Q

types of wetland

A

swamp
bog
fen
marsh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

swamp

A

permanent telmatic wetland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

bog

A

acidic

non permanent telmatic wetland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

fen

A

base-rich non permanent telmatic wetland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

marsh

A

seasonal telmatic wetland

ephemeral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

succession

A

gradual, directional change in the composition of vegetation
populations of different plants successively replace one another
usually accompanied by environmental change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

allogenic succession

A

succession driven by environmental change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

autogenic

A

occurs when vegetation itself induces environmental change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

primary succession

A

on surfaces that have not previously supported vegetation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

secondary succession

A

on surfaces that have previously supported soil and vegetation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

2 ways of peat accumulation

A

terrestrialisation

paludification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

terrestrialisation

A

infilling of lakes and pools

has occured very widely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

paludification

A

the process by which once ‘dry’ land gets wetter

responsible for largest wetland areas of britain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

2 types of terrestrialisation

A

rooting/normal terrestrialisation

rafting terrestrialisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

rooting terrestrialisation

A

water gradually shallows by accumulation of mud and peat

allows progressive colonisation of species more suited to shallow water conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

rafting terrestrialisation

A

open water becomes overgrown directly by a buoyant mat of peat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

autochthonous

A

organic mud develops in situ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

allochthonous

A

washed in sediments

19
Q

ombrotrophic

A

bog dependent on atmospheric moisture for its nutrient

20
Q

features of waterlogged environment

A

saturated with water
oxygen dificient (hypoxic or anoxic)
redox related chemial changes
often acidic

21
Q

waterlogging problems for plants

A

oxygen deficiency for underground organs

increased availability of soluble phytotoxins in soil

22
Q

3 main adaptions to lack of oxygen in the rooting zone

A

anaerobic respiration in roots
transport of oxygen to roots
release of oxygen into rhizosphere (soil around roots)

23
Q

pneumatophores

A

upward growing roots
mangrove also has lenticels
take air directly into rooting system

24
Q

lenticel

A

one of many raised pores in the stem of a woody plant that allows gas exchange between the atmosphere and the internal tissues

25
Q

3 factors affecting plant distribution

A

climatic factors
physiographic factors
edaphic factors

26
Q

climatic factors

A

temp, rain, light, wind, humidity

responsible for main global and regional patterns of pant distribution

27
Q

physiographic factors

A

determined by landforms
altitude
aspect (direction of slope) influences irridiance received

28
Q

edaphic factors

A 
associated with the soil
they provied:
rooting medium
source of water
source of nutrients
29
Q

resources

A

commodities which are consumed by plants

essential for growth

30
Q

conditions

A

environmental variables to which plants respond

31
Q

6 types of interactions between species

A 
competition
facilitation
parasitism
mutualism
commensalism
ammensalism
32
Q

indirect competition

A

individuals attempt to obtain the same resource

density dependent

33
Q

self-thinning

A

above a threshold of sowing density, no more individuals reach maturity

34
Q

direct competition

A

form of direct antagonism between different plant species
less common than indirect competition among plants
e.g. strangulation, allelopathy, parasitism

35
Q

parasitism

A

hemiparasitic - have chlorophyll but obtain some carbon and nutrients from host
holoparastic - no chlorophyll, obtain all carbon from their host

36
Q

facilitation

A

opposite of competition

plants benefit from having a neighbour

37
Q

oxidised nitrogen (NOx) - fossil fuel combustion is main source

A

wet: NO3 (nitrate)
dry: N2O (nitrous oxided)

38
Q

reduced nitrogen (NHy) - agriculture is main source

A

wet: NH4 (ammonium)
dry: NH3 (ammonia)

39
Q

factors affecting deposition

A

distance from source
- less important for NOx
surface roughness
- deposition velocities faster to rough surfaces
rainfall
- greater rainfall can increase wet deposit
- seeder-feeder effect

40
Q

seeder feeder effect

A

aerosols activated into droplets at cloud base

41
Q

4 mechanisms of n deposition as an ecological threat

A
  1. eutrophication
  2. soil acidification
  3. increases susceptibility of plants to secondary stress
  4. direct toxicity to plants
42
Q

net radiative forcing

A

difference of insolation (sunlight) absorbed by the earth and the energy reflected back to earth

43
Q

main greenhouse gases

A

co2, methane, nitrous oxide

44
Q

global warming potential

A

compares integrated radiative forcing over a specific period

APS 124 - ecosystems (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions