Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

UPSC - Environment > Wetland Ecosystem > Flashcards

Wetland Ecosystem Flashcards

1
Q

Wetlands are ecotone between ______ &______

A

Terrestrial, Aquatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Definition of wetlands under Ramsar Convention and Wetlands (Conservation and Management)
Rules 2017

A

An area of marsh, fen, peat land or water; whether natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or salt, including areas of marine water the depth
of which at low tide does not exceed six meters, is considered as a wetland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Lake Littorals are a type of wetland. (T/F)

A

True. marginal areas between the highest and lowest water level of the lakes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Underground Aquifers are a type of wetland (T/F)

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Thermal stratification doesn’t take place in lakes compared to Wetlands. (T/F)

A

False. Thermal stratification takes place in lakes and not in wetlands.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Dominant producers of lakes and wetlands are _________ & __________ respectively

A

Phytoplankton, Macrophytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Food chain pathway of lakes and wetlands are _________ & __________ respectively

A

Grazing & Detritus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Productivity is high wetlands compared to lakes (T/F)

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Trophic status of lakes and wetlands are ________ & __________ respectively

A

Oligotrophic, Eutrophic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Definition of Lake by NLCP

A

National Lake Conservation Programme (NLCP) considers lakes as standing water bodies that have a minimum water depth of 3 m, generally cover a water spread of more than ten hectares and have no or very
little aquatic vegetation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is an estuary?

A

An estuary is a partially enclosed coastal area of brackish water (salinity of 0-35 ppt) where a river or a
stream opens into the sea (mouth of the river)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a lagoon?

A

A lagoon is a stretch of saltwater separated from the sea by a low sandbank or coral reef

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Backwaters in Kerala are examples of __________?

A

Lagoons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Lagoons are formed due to _______ in sea level? Give examples

A

Fall (Coastline of emergence - Kerala (Malabar) Coast, Odisha (Utkal) Coast and Tamil Nadu (Coromandel) Coast).
Eg: Chilika Lake - Odisha

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Estuaries are formed due to _______ in sea level? Give examples

A

Rise (Coastline of Submergence - Konkan Coast)
Eg: Mandovi and Zuari estuarine systems in Goa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Lagoons are more saline than estuaries why?

A

Lagoons mostly do not have any fresh water source, while the estuaries have at least one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Estuaries are deeper than Lagoons. (T/F)

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Estuaries (coastal wetlands) form a transition zone (ecotone) between ________ and ________ environments

A

River & maritime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

___________ is the most productive of all wetlands

A

Estuary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

___________ absorb, trap and detoxify pollutants, acting as a natural water filter

A

Estuary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Why are estuaries ideal locations for the construction of ports and harbours?

A

They are deep and well protected from marine transgressions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which are estuarian phytoplankton?

A

Diatoms, Dinoflagellates, Green Algae, Blue green algae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Most estuaries in India are located on ________ coast

A

East

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Examples of seaports located on estuaries?

A
  1. Marmagao Port - Zuari Estuary (Goa)
  2. Haldia Port - WB
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Salt-tolerant plants are called?

A

Halophytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Adaptations in mangroves?

A
  1. Succulent leaves
  2. Sunken Stomata
  3. Pneumatophores
  4. Vivipary
  5. Salt secreting glands
  6. Prop & Stilt roots
  7. Buttresses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Sunderbans gets its name from ________

A

Sundari mangroves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Largest single block of mangroves in the world

A

Sunderbans

29
Q

____________ is the only mangrove ecosystem that supports tigers

A

Sunderbans

30
Q

__________ mangroves second largest in India

A

Bhitarkarnika

31
Q

Bhitarkarnika covers the delta formed by _________ & ___________

A

Brahmani & Baitarani

32
Q

Kharai camels are the primary source of livelihood for the _____________ communities of the
Kutch region.

A

Jat, Rabari and Maldhari

33
Q

Tolerant cattle like the banni and kankrej buffalos were developed by __________ community

A

Maldhari

34
Q

Country with largest mangrove cover?

A

Indonesia followed by Brazil

35
Q

Why are mangroves not found beyond subtropics?

A

This is because the mangrove vegetation contains a complex salt filtration system that facilitates high water loss at the root level itself to cope with the brackish conditions. These adaptive mechanisms are energy-intensive and require high solar radiation.

36
Q

What is an exception to the rule ecotones are more productive than surrounding ecosystems

A

Tropical rainforests & Coral reefs

37
Q

_________ % of India’s land area is under wetland

A

4.6

38
Q

Most of the wetland area in India are man-made. (T/F)

A

True

39
Q

What are maun, beel, chaur, jheel and pat

A

Local names of floodplain formations formed by Ganga & Brahmaputra

40
Q

What are Sambhar, Pachpadra, Deedwana and Lukransar?

A

Saline wetlands - Lakes in Rajasthan

41
Q

Cost sharing of NPCA scheme

A

70:30 (Centre : States)
90:10 - NE

42
Q

Criteria for identifying wetlands of national importance under NPCA are the same as those prescribed under the _____________

A

Ramsar Convention on Wetlands

43
Q

_______________ has been set up under the chairmanship of the Secretary,
MoEFCC, to ensure proper implementation of the Wetlands (Conservation-Management) Rules

A

Central Wetland Regulatory Authority (CWRA)

43
Q

Wetlands (Conservation-Management) Rules 2010 are notified under the provisions of ___________

A

EPA, 1972

44
Q

The Wetlands (Conservation-Management) Rules 2010 prohibits activities, such as aquaculture, agriculture, harvesting of living and non-living resources, dredging to remove siltation. (T/F)

A

False. The rules specify and prohibit harmful activities to wetlands, such as industrialisation, construction of
permanent nature, solid waste dumping, dumping untreated waste, reclamation in the wetlands, etc

Other activities, such as aquaculture, agriculture, harvesting of living and non-living resources, dredging
to remove siltation, etc., may be carried out in the wetlands but only with prior permission from the concerned authorities

45
Q

Wetlands (Conservation-Management) Rules 2017 decentralised wetlands management by
giving states/UTs powers to __________, ___________ & _____________

A

Notify, identify & monitor prohibited activities

46
Q

The Wetlands (Conservation-Management) Rules 2017 stipulate setting up of a _____________ to oversee work carried out by states

A

National Wetlands Committee (NWC – headed by the MoEFCC Secretary).

47
Q

NWC is an advisory body to NPCA. (T/F)

A

True

48
Q

NWC advises state bodies based on the ________ principle

A

WIse Use

49
Q

The Wetlands (Conservation-Management) Rules 2017 stipulates setting up State/UT Wetland
Authorities (SWAs) which will be headed by ___________?

A

State environment minister

50
Q

SWAs can develop a comprehensive list of activities to be regulated and permitted within notified wetlands. (T/F)

A

True

51
Q

What CAN NOT be notified as wetlands under the Wetland Rules 2017?

A

River channels, paddy fields, human-made water bodies, aquaculture, salt production, recreation, irrigation projects, wetlands and protected areas falling within areas covered under the Indian Forest Act, 1927, Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980, Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 and the Coastal Regulation Zone Notification, 2019 cannot be notified under the Wetlands Rules 2017

52
Q

Ramsar convention was signed on?

A

2nd Feb 1971 (World Wetlands Day)

53
Q

Ramsar theme for 2023

A

It’s Time for Wetlands Restoration

54
Q

COP 14 of Ramsar took place at

A

Wuhan (Hybrid) - Nov 2022

55
Q

Contracting Parties are mandated to manage their Ramsar Sites to maintain their ecological
character and retain their essential functions and values for future generations (T/F)

A

False. Not mandated, expected

56
Q

____________ is the Worlds’s largest protected area network.

A

Ramsar sites

57
Q

When a country accedes to the convention, it must designate at least one wetland as a Wetland of International Importance (T/F)

A

True

58
Q

No of contracting parties for Ramsar convention

A

171

59
Q

World’s first Ramsar site

A

Cobourg peninsula, Australia (1974)

60
Q

Country with most number of Ramsar Sites

A

UK (175), Mexico (142)

61
Q

Country with largest area under Ramsar sites

A

Bolivia

62
Q

According to the Ramsar convention a Contracting Party may, because of its urgent national interest, delete or restrict the boundaries of wetlands already included in the list (T/F)

A

True

63
Q

No Ramsar Site has ever been “deleted” (T/F)

A

True

64
Q

Number of Ramsar sites in India

A

75

65
Q

State with highest number of Ramsar sites

A

TN (14)followed by UP (10)

66
Q

Wetlands in montreux record in India

A

Keoladeo national park - Rajasthan
Loktak Lake - Manipur

67
Q
A

UPSC - Environment (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions