westward expansion

Question 1

OKLAHOMA LAND RUSH

Answer 1

when the government took the Oklahoma territory (belonging to Natives) and opened the settlement for settlers to claim.

Question 2

HOMESTEAD ACT

Answer 2

gave government-owned land to small farmers.

Question 3

SODBUSTERS

Answer 3

plains farmers that worked hard to break up the root-filled sod, or dirt, beneath the grass

Question 4

MORRILL ACT

Answer 4

granted more than 17 million acres of federal land to the states.

Question 5

EXODUSTERS

Answer 5

a large group of southern African Americans that made a mass exodus, or departure, from the South.

Question 6

DRY FARMING

Answer 6

a new method of farming that shifted the focus away from water-dependent crops such as corn. Instead, farmers grew more hardy crops like red wheat.

Question 7

DEFLATION

Answer 7

a decrease in the money supply and overall lower prices.

Question 8

WILLIAM JENNINGS BRYAN

Answer 8

Many farmers began backing William Jennnings Bryan, who favored free silver coinage. The Populist Party was formed and was in support of him, but he lost the election.

Question 9

POPULIST PARTY

Answer 9

called for the government to own railroads and telephone and telegraph systems. It also favored the “free and unlimited coinage of silver.” They backed Willaim jennings Bryan because he was in favor of their views.

Question 10

FREE SILVER

Answer 10

to allow the unlimited coining of silver and to back paper currency with silver.

Question 11

NATIONAL GRANGE

Answer 11

was a social and educational organization for farmers. The Grange campaigned for political candidates who supported farmers’ goals. The organization also called for laws that regulated rates charged by railroads.

Question 12

FARMERS ALLIANCE

Answer 12

many farmers organized to elect candidates that would help them. In the 1890 elections the Alliances were a strong political force. State and local wins raised farmers’ political hopes.

Question 13

SUPPLY AND DEMAND

Answer 13

when supply exceeds demand, prices fall. Wheat was overproduced, leading to high supply. The demand did not reach the supply, so wheat prices fell.

Question 14

PLAINS INDIANS

Answer 14

lived in the Great Plains, depended on buffalo, had many broken treaties with the U.S., and ended up on reservations.

Question 15

TREATY OF FT. LARAMIE

Answer 15

the first major treaty between the U.S. government and Plains Indians. it recognized Indian claims to most of the Great Plains. They also allowed the United States to build forts and roads and to travel across Indian homelands.

Question 16

2ND TREATY OF FT LARAMIE

Answer 16

the government agreed to close the Bozeman Trail, abandon the forts, and provide reservation land to the Sioux.

Question 17

RESERVATIONS

Answer 17

areas of federal land set aside for Native Americans. The government expected Indians to stay on the reservations, which made hunting buffalo almost impossible.

Question 18

CRAZY HORSE

Answer 18

a Lakota leader that fought with the U.S. over their lands. He and Sitting Bull defeated Custer and his troops in the Battle of Little Big Horn

Question 19

TREATY OF MEDICINE LODGE

Answer 19

most southern Plains Indians agreed to live on reservations.

Question 20

BUFFALO SOLDIERS

Answer 20

troops including African American cavalry, sent into the area to force Natives to leave after resisting the reservations

Question 21

END OF THE BUFFALO

Answer 21

many Natives were on reservations, making hunting for buffalo almost impossible

Question 22

GEORGE CUSTER

Answer 22

discovered gold in the Black Hills of the Dakotas. Sioux forces led by Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull defeated Custer and his troops. The battle was called “Custer’s Last Stand” because his entire command was killed.

Question 23

SITTING BULL

Answer 23

a leader of the Lakota Sioux, who protested U.S. demands for the land. He and Crazy Horse defeated Custer and his troops in the Battle of Little Big Horn. He returned to his lands with no food and was later killed by reservation police, causing protest.

Question 24

MASSACRE AT WOUNDED KNEE

Answer 24

U.S. Army shot and killed about 150 Sioux near Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota because many Sioux left the reservations in protest of Sitting Bull’s death. This was the last major incident on the Great Plains.

Question 25

LONG WALK

Answer 25

a 300-mile march where the Navajo were forced to walk across the desert to a reservation in Bosque Redondo, New Mexico. Along the way, countless Navajo died.

Question 26

BATTLE OF LITTLE BIG HORN

Answer 26

Sioux forces led by Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull surrounded and defeated Custer and his troops.

Question 27

GERONIMO

Answer 27

a Chiricahua Apache named Geronimo and his band of raiders avoided capture for many years as the Apache’s continued to fight, despite many Natives stopping. Geronimo later surrendered, ending the Apache armed resistance.

Question 28

GHOST DANCE

Answer 28

was a religious movement that began with a Paiute Indian named Wovoka. It predicted the arrival of paradise for Natives. In this paradise, the buffalo herds would return and the settlers would disappear. U.S. officials didn’t understand the dance’s meaning and feared it would lead to rebellion, so they tried to end it. After the massacre in 1890 at Wounded Knee, the Ghost Dance movement gradually died out.

Question 29

SARAH WINNEMUCCA

Answer 29

a Paiute Indian in the late 1870s that called for reform. She gave lectures on problems of the reservation system.

Question 30

DAWES ACT

Answer 30

tried to lessen traditional influences on
Indian society by making land ownership private rather than shared. The act also promised—but failed to deliver—U.S. citizenship to Native Americans.

Question 31

END OF NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURE

Answer 31

many Natives were forced to assimilate into white culture as they were on the reservations, ending most of their Native American culture

Question 32

CHIEF JOSEPH

Answer 32

Chief Joseph led his people in an effort to hold on to the Nez Percé homeland as white settlers moved in. After resisting relocation, he surrendered under threat of attack. General Oliver Otis Howard’s forces pursued the Nez Percé across Idaho, Wyoming, and Montana before they were relocated to a reservation in present-day Oklahoma, where many died.

Question 33

WHAT WAS LIFE LIKE FOR THE PLAINS INDIANS BEFORE AND AFTER THE ARRIVAL OF LARGE NUMBERS OF SETTLERS?

Answer 33

before: the Plains Indians were able to hunt buffalo and roam freely. after: the Plains Indians were constantly fighting for their homelands and ultimately forced to relocate to reservations and assimilate into white culture

Question 34

EXPLAIN THE IMPORTANCE OF THE BUFFALO FOR THE PLAINS INDIANS? HOW WILL THE LOSS OF THE BUFFALO IMPACT THEIR LIFE?

Answer 34

buffalo were the Plains Indians main source of food and survival. They used it for food, shelter, clothing, utensils, and tools. The loss of it let to starvation and weakened their ability to resist U.S. forces, disrupting their way of life

Question 35

WHAT WAS THE PURPOSE FOR THE TREATIES BETWEEN THE US AND THE PLAINS INDIANS? DID THE US RESPECT THE TREATIES?

Answer 35

the purpose of the treaties were to avoid disputes over land, but the U.S. didn’t respect these treaties and often broke promises.

Question 36

DESCRIBE THE RESERVATION SYSTEM. WHAT ARE THEY?

Answer 36

the reservation system had Natives move on to government owned land, not allowing them to hunt buffalo. It forced Natives to assimilate into white cuture.

Question 38

WHAT DID THE GHOST DANCE CAUSE CONCERN FOR US OFFICIALS?