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ICTCM Year 3 > Western Pharmacology Midterm > Flashcards

Western Pharmacology Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Who created the medical oath?

A

hippocrates

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2
Q

what is quinine

A

bark of the peruvian tree that treats malaria

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3
Q

where does salicylic acid come from

A

willow trees for aspirin

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4
Q

what was ether used for in the 1840’s

A

general anesthesia

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5
Q

what was cocaine used for in the 1880’s

A

a local anesthetic

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6
Q

what was insulin used for in the 1920’s

A

to lower blood pressure in dogs

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7
Q

what was penicillin used for in the 1920’s

A

antibiotic

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8
Q

where does natural progesterone come from in the 1940’s

A

the mexican yam used as birth control

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9
Q

when was DNA discovered

A

in the 1950’s

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10
Q

when was aids discovered

A

in the 1980’s

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11
Q

what must be on an over the counter drug label

A 
name of the drug
name and address of manufacturer
active and other ingredients
amount in the bottle
caution or warning
usage/how to take it
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12
Q

what must be on a prescription drug label

A 
name and address of pharmacy
strength of drug prescription
date prescription filled
name of doctor prescribed
direction for use
patient's name
warnings and cautions
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13
Q

im

A

intramuscular

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14
Q

inj

A

injection

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15
Q

iv

A

intravenous

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16
Q

p.o.

A

taken orally

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17
Q

top

A

topical

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18
Q

a.d.

A

right ear

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19
Q

a.s.

A

left ear

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20
Q

a.u.

A

both ears

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21
Q

o.d.

A

right eye

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22
Q

o.s.

A

left eye

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23
Q

o.u.

A

both eyes

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24
Q

cap

A

capsule

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25
Q

tab

A

tablet

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26
Q

supp

A

suppository

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27
Q

syr

A

syrup

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28
Q

ung

A

ointment

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29
Q

aq

A

water

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30
Q

liq

A

liquid

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31
Q

tbsp

A

tablespoon

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32
Q

tsp

A

teaspoon

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33
Q

gtt

A

drops

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34
Q

fl

A

fluid

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35
Q

aq.ad.

A

add water to

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36
Q

c

A

with

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37
Q

am

A

morning

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38
Q

pm

A

afternoon/night

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39
Q

h.s.

A

ad bedtime

40
Q

ac

A

before meals

41
Q

pc

A

after meals

42
Q

prn

A

as needed

43
Q

stat

A

immediately

44
Q

bid

A

twice daily

45
Q

tid

A

three times a day

46
Q

qid

A

four times a day

47
Q

qd

A

every day

48
Q

q.h.

A

every hour

49
Q

dc

A

discontinue

50
Q

tf

A

till finished

51
Q

agonists

A

produce a response

52
Q

antagonists

A

stop a response

53
Q

MEC

A

minimum effectiveness of a drug

54
Q

MTC

A

the minimum amount of a drug for a person to experience toxicity

55
Q

bioavailability

A

the amount of drug that goes through the systemic circulatory system

56
Q

neonate

A

birth to 1 month

57
Q

infant

A

1 month to 2 years

58
Q

child

A

2-12

59
Q

adolescent

A

13-19

60
Q

adult

A

20-70

61
Q

edler

A

over 70

62
Q

what qualifies as overweight

A

50% above standard weight

63
Q

2kg is how many pounds

A

4.4 lb

64
Q

1g is how many mg

A

1000

65
Q

1mg is how many mcg

A

1000 mcg

66
Q

1tsp is how many ml

A

5ml

67
Q

1kg is how many g

A

1000g

68
Q

1gtt is how many ml

A

0.05ml

69
Q

1oz is how many g

A

30g

70
Q

1 fl oz is how many ml

A

30ml

71
Q

1 tbsp is how many ml

A

15ml

72
Q

who is one of the most important people in the history of medicine, tasted the hundreds of herbal medicines

A

Shen Nong

73
Q

what is the first antibiotic

A

penicillin

74
Q

what is the first local anesthetic used in surgery

A

cocaine

75
Q

what are the requirements of FDA

A

safety
effectiveness
they are also in charge of adverse effects during trial and when is it on the market

76
Q

what is a placebo

A

an inactive substance, sugar pills, not a medication

77
Q

what are the three phases of a clinical trial

A
  1. small group less than 100 people
  2. large group - 100s of people
  3. larger group 1000s of people
78
Q

what stage in the clinical trial are more serious adverse effects - usually pulled out at this phase

A

second step - large group 100s of people

79
Q

what are the two names of drugs

A

brand name, generic

80
Q

what type of experiment is the clinical trial

A

double blind, a placebo is used

81
Q

where are the receptors located

A

cell membrane

82
Q

agonist

A

activates receptors to produce a response

83
Q

antagonist

A

binds to a receptor to stop a response

84
Q

what is a therapeutic window

A

MEC: minimum effectiveness of a drug
MTC: the minimum amount of a drug for a person to experience toxicity

85
Q

where are most drugs and metabolites excreted

A

urine, stool, sweat

86
Q

the breakdown of drugs by metabolism is caused by

A

enzymes

87
Q

bio availability

A

the amount of a drug that goes through the systemic circulation

88
Q

what are the different factors can influence the differences in medication response among people

A 
age
gender
pregnancy
genetics
weight
psyche
89
Q

children metabolism drugs more rapidly or sower than adults?

A

more rapidly

90
Q

the drug-drug interaction can either increase or decrease in the therapeutic effects or adverse effects?

A

both increase and decrease

91
Q

when do additive effects occur

A

when 2 drugs increase their interactions (alcohol and sedatives)

92
Q

in order to increase drug excretion

A

increase urine PH and decrease renal absorption

93
Q

idiosyncracy

A

a special reaction to a drug that usually happens the firs time taking a drug related to metabolism

94
Q

how many kg of dextrose is in 400ml of a 70% solution of dextrose 1000ml?

A

0.280kg

95
Q

one dose of antibiotics is 150mg, we have 250mg/ml..how much antibiotics do we need for one dose in ml

A

0.6ml

96
Q

a solution contains 2mg/ml of an active incredient. how many grams would be in 473ml of this solution

A

0.946g

ICTCM Year 3 (5 decks)

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