Physical Exam and Lab Results Basics Flashcards
1
Q
Blood pressure should be under
A
120/80
2
Q
pre hypertension
A
120-140/80-90
3
Q
hypertensive
A
over 140/90
4
Q
BMI normal
A
18.5-24.9
5
Q
BMI overweight
A
25-29.9
6
Q
BMI obese
A
over 30
7
Q
normal LDL
A
less than 150
8
Q
high LDL
A
over 200
9
Q
fasting blood glucose number
A
around 100
10
Q
three most commonly ordered lab tests
A
blood, urine, stool
11
Q
what are the 4 vitals
A
blood pressure
heart rate
respiratory rate
blood oxygen level SP02
12
Q
HPI
A
history of present illness
13
Q
ROS
A
review of systems
14
Q
PFSH
A
past family social history
15
Q
CPX
A
complete physical exam
16
Q
white blood cell count range
A
4-11
17
Q
if the WBC count is high it indicates
A
infection, toxins, blood disease, cancer
18
Q
if the WBC count is low it indicates
A
after surgery, radiation, allergies, parasites, defective blood formation, chemotherapy after cancer
19
Q
basophils
A
chicken pox
20
Q
eosinophils
A
allergies
21
Q
lymphocytes
A
whooping cough, perotitis, syphilis, hyperthyroid
22
Q
monocytes
A
TB, hepatitis, cirrhosis
23
Q
neutrophils
A
pneumonia, cerebral spinal meningitis, appendicitis, cholecytitis
24
Q
male RBC range
A
4.3-5.9
25
female RBC range
3.8-5.2
26
if the RBC is high it indicates
fasting, dehydration, diarrhea, vomiting, burns, CO2 poisoning
27
IF the RBC is low it indiactes
late stage of pregnancy, menstruation, bleeding, medication toxins, anemia
28
HGB or HB stands for
hemoglobin
29
male hemoglobin range
135-180
30
female hemoglobin range
115-155
31
if the hemoglobin is high it indiactes
fasting, dehydration, diarrhea, vomiting, burns, CO2 poisoning
32
if the hemoglobin is low it indicates
late stage of pregnancy, menstruation, bleeding, medication toxins, anemia
33
HCT stands for
hematocrit
34
the male range for hematocrit is
0.41-0.52
35
the female range for hematocrit is
0.37-0.48
36
if the HCT is increased it means
fasting, dehydration, diarrhea, vomiting, burns, CO2 poisoning
37
if the HCT is decreased it means
late stage of pregnancy, menstruation, bleeding, medication toxins, anemia
38
what does it mean if the MCV, MCH, or MCHC are abnormal
anemia
39
what is the PC/PLT range
150-400
40
what does it mean if the PC/PLT is decreased
anemia
41
what does the ESR mean
how fast the blood sinks
42
if the ESR is increased what does it mean
infection, TB, osteoarthritis, chronic kidney infection, anemia, cancer, menstruation or pregnant, myocardial infarction, seniors
43
what should the immature granulocytes range be
0
44
what does creatinine do
measures kidney function
45
what is the creatinine range
45-110
46
what does it mean if the creatinine is increased
kidney function is not good
47
what does it mean if the creatinine is decreased
malnutrition
48
what should the GFR be
it must have a number, if it is zero it means there is poor kidney filtering process and there are abnormality in cells such as during HIV
49
what is ALT
it detects LV/KD function, paired with creatinine
50
what is INR
what you have to check every week if you are on blood thinners
51
what is ferritin
it tests anemia
52
the ferritin range for probable iron deficiency
15-49
53
the ferritin range for possible iron deficiency
50-100
54
the ferritin range for no iron deficiency
over 100
55
TSH increased and T4 increased
possible hyperthyroid
56
TSH increased and T4 decreased
hypothyroidism
57
TSH decreased and T4 increased
hperthyroidism
58
TSH decreased and T4 decreased
possible hypothyroidism
59
if TSH is increased it meanas
hypothyroidism
60
if TSH is decreased it means
hyperthyroidism
61
if T4 is increased it means
hyperthyroidism
62
if T4 is decreased it means
hypothyroidism
63
tea color urine
jaundice, liver gallbladder problems, medication, blood
64
soy sauce urine
malaria
65
milky urine
blockage of lymph tracks, filariasis disease
66
blue/green urine
medication
67
dark orange or red urine
toxins, vitamin B
68
3 cup of testing the blood urination
if there is blood in the first cup = UTI
if there is blood in the second cup = UB/KD, prostate problems
if there is blood in the third cup = UB problem
69
PH range of urine
5-7
70
urine acidosis
gout, diabetes, kidney infection, TB, diet, medication
71
urine alkalosis
bladder infection
72
increased specific gravity of urine test
diabetic, kidney dysfunction
73
decreased specific gravity of urine test
low protein, potassium, or sodium
74
protein in the urine
should be none
75
what if there is protein in the urine
kidney dysfunction
76
why might a urine test be positive for glucose
sugary drinks
77
ketones in the urine
should be none
78
what if there are ketones in the urine
diabetics, heavy exercise, fasting, general anesthesia, injury, or dysentery
79
hemoglobin in the urine
should be none
80
nitrites in the urine
should be none
81
WBC in the urine
should be none
82
what if there are WBCs in the urine
infection (of the urinary tract or vagina)
83
what is HCG test
pregnancy test
84
how long should you let a pregnancy test sit
for at least 1 minute
85
when does ovulation occur during a regular cycle
7-10 days after last day of period
86
when does ovulation occur during an irregular cycle
10-15 days after the first period
87
dark stool
upper gastic bleeding, diet
88
white stool
GI x ray, gallbladder tract blocked
89
rice wash stool
cholera
90
chocolate stool
ameobic dysnetery
91
blood and pus in stool
intestinal cancer, enteritis, hemmorhoid, colon cancer
92
red stool
diet
93
green stool
diet, pathological in newborn babies
94
yellow stool
healthy newborn babies
95
what is a stool OB test
to test if there is blood in the stool
96
what is an EKG/ECG
electrogardiograph
97
AVR lead
right arm
98
AVL lead
left arm
99
AVF lead
left leg
100
V1 lead
right side of sternum
4th intercostal space
KD23
101
V2 lead
left side of sternum
4th intercostal space
KD23
102
V3 lead
midway between V2 and V4
103
V4 lead
left midclavicular line, 5th intercostal space
| ST 18
104
V5 lead
just anterior to the axillary line on the left side
| same level as V4
105
V6 lead
on the midaxillary line on the left side
level with V4
just above SP 21
106
calculating heart rate with small squares
1,500 divided by the number
107
calculating heart rate with large squares
300 divided by the number
108
calculating heart rate using the R waves
count how many R waves there are in 6 seconds and multiply by 10
109
P waves
depict the activity of the atria, should be equal to or less than 0.12 seconds, dips up like a hill
110
*QRS complex
depicts activity of the ventricle, duration should be between 0.06 and 0.1 seconds
111
Q wave
should be greater than 2mm, and shouldn't dip down too much
112
*PR interval
should be between 0.12-0.20 seconds, anything shorter indicates parkinson's
113
*R wave
V5 lead should be smaller than V6 lead
114
S wave
should be smaller than 30mm
115
ST segment
too high or not smooth indicates abnormality such as fatigue and depression
116
T wave
should be 2/3 of the height of the R wave
117
QT interval
duration should be less than 0.4 seconds, should not be more than half ot he distance between the R waves
118
QRS axis
angle of the QRS should be between 90 and -30 degrees
119
U wave
should be smaller than 2mm
120
the apex o the heart points
down and to the left
121
in atrial enlargement
the R wave is longer
122
in COPD
there is atrial and ventricular hypertrophy so the P wave is too high and the QRS axis leans to the right
123
X RAY
photography or digital image of internal composition of something. dense materiel will show, like bone, teeth. Air in the lung will show black. fat muscle appears as shade
124
for an abdominal x ray, what is used
barium meal or IV contrast medium
125
before using IV contrast medium you should do what kind of allergy test
Iodine
126
ultrasound
sonography. use sound waves to develop the image of what is going on inside of body, can also see soft tissue as well. safer than x ray and CT scan
127
who can suggest medical lab tests
anyone
128
who can order medical lab tests
western doctor, naturopath
129
what is the content of PE
physical exam
- general
- vitals
- head (eyes, ears, nose, throat, neck)
- each system related to HPI (onset, palliative, quality, radiation, severity, time)
130
what is the 4 methods of PE
Inspiration
Palpation
Percussion
Auscultation
131
know exam timeline of mammography
over 50 years old, check every year
132
know exam timeline of prostate
over 50 years old, check every year
133
know exam timeline of pap smear
female aged 18-69 years old, every year, if negative for 2 years in a row, can do it every 3 years
134
what are the three most common lab tests
urine, stool, blood
135
normal reading of RBC
M: 4.3-5.9
F: 3.8-5.2
136
normal reading of WBC
4-11
137
normal reading of HB
Hemoglobin
M: 135-180
F: 115-155
138
what will show an increase in ESR
infection, TB
139
what disease will show a WBC increase
infection, toxins, blood disease (hemopathy), cancer
140
what is an INR test for
have to check every week if you are on blood thinners
141
what kind of situation is an INR test needed for
blood thinners
142
what are the 2 readings for checking thyroid function
TSH and T4
143
tea urine color
jaundice, liver gallbladder problems, medication, blood
144
soy sauce urine color
malaria
145
milky urine color
blockage of lymph tract, filariasis disease
146
blue/green urine
medication
147
dark orange-red urine
toxins, vitamin B
148
urine PH should be between
5-7
149
less than 5ph urine
acidosis due to gout, diabetes, kidney infection, TB, diet, medication
150
more than 7ph urine
alkalosis - bladder infection
151
ph of blood
about 7.35. neutral
152
what are ketones
substances in a urinalysis, should be zero in urine
153
what if urine is positive for ketones
diabetics might be positive, called "ketone acidosis", or from heavy exercise, fasting, general anesthesia, injury, or dysentery
154
when does a woman ovulate
10-15 days after first day of period if it is irregular
| 7-10 days after last period if it is regular
155
dark stool color
upper gastric bleeding, diet
156
white stool color
GI x ray, GB tract blocked
157
rice wash stool color
cholera
158
chocolate stool color
amoebic dysentery
159
blood and pus stool color
intestinal cancer, enteritis, hemorrhoid, colon cancer
160
red stool color
diet
161
green stool color
diet, pathological color in newborn babies
162
yellow stool color
healthy newborn baby stool
163
can you find parasites in the stool too?
yes, worms
164
P wave
directs activity of the atria, should be equal to or less than 0.12 seconds, in leads I and II, dips like a hill
165
QRS complex
depicts activity of the ventricle, duration should be between 0.06-0.1 seconds
166
S-T segment
too high and not smooth means an abnormality such as fatigue or depression
167
T-wave
should be less than 1/3 of the height of the R wave, any change means a problem with the ventricle
168
how to count the heart rate
using small squares: 1,500 divided by the number
using large squares: 300 divided by the number
using R waves: count number of R waves per 6 seconds and multiply by 10 to get the number of beats per minute
169
when doing the ultrasound for the uterus...the bladder should be
full
170
CT scan or CAT scan
computed tomography, combined with lots of X-ray imagines to generate cross-sectional views, it is more steric (3D)
171
what are anti-radiation food an supplements
diary, natto, seaweed, tomato, peppers, green tea, black fungus, black sesame, selenium
