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ICTCM Year 3 > Physical Exam and Lab Results Basics > Flashcards

Physical Exam and Lab Results Basics Flashcards

1
Q

Blood pressure should be under

A

120/80

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2
Q

pre hypertension

A

120-140/80-90

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3
Q

hypertensive

A

over 140/90

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4
Q

BMI normal

A

18.5-24.9

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5
Q

BMI overweight

A

25-29.9

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6
Q

BMI obese

A

over 30

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7
Q

normal LDL

A

less than 150

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8
Q

high LDL

A

over 200

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9
Q

fasting blood glucose number

A

around 100

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10
Q

three most commonly ordered lab tests

A

blood, urine, stool

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11
Q

what are the 4 vitals

A

blood pressure
heart rate
respiratory rate
blood oxygen level SP02

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12
Q

HPI

A

history of present illness

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13
Q

ROS

A

review of systems

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14
Q

PFSH

A

past family social history

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15
Q

CPX

A

complete physical exam

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16
Q

white blood cell count range

A

4-11

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17
Q

if the WBC count is high it indicates

A

infection, toxins, blood disease, cancer

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18
Q

if the WBC count is low it indicates

A

after surgery, radiation, allergies, parasites, defective blood formation, chemotherapy after cancer

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19
Q

basophils

A

chicken pox

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20
Q

eosinophils

A

allergies

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21
Q

lymphocytes

A

whooping cough, perotitis, syphilis, hyperthyroid

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22
Q

monocytes

A

TB, hepatitis, cirrhosis

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23
Q

neutrophils

A

pneumonia, cerebral spinal meningitis, appendicitis, cholecytitis

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24
Q

male RBC range

A

4.3-5.9

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25
Q

female RBC range

A

3.8-5.2

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26
Q

if the RBC is high it indicates

A

fasting, dehydration, diarrhea, vomiting, burns, CO2 poisoning

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27
Q

IF the RBC is low it indiactes

A

late stage of pregnancy, menstruation, bleeding, medication toxins, anemia

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28
Q

HGB or HB stands for

A

hemoglobin

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29
Q

male hemoglobin range

A

135-180

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30
Q

female hemoglobin range

A

115-155

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31
Q

if the hemoglobin is high it indiactes

A

fasting, dehydration, diarrhea, vomiting, burns, CO2 poisoning

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32
Q

if the hemoglobin is low it indicates

A

late stage of pregnancy, menstruation, bleeding, medication toxins, anemia

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33
Q

HCT stands for

A

hematocrit

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34
Q

the male range for hematocrit is

A

0.41-0.52

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35
Q

the female range for hematocrit is

A

0.37-0.48

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36
Q

if the HCT is increased it means

A

fasting, dehydration, diarrhea, vomiting, burns, CO2 poisoning

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37
Q

if the HCT is decreased it means

A

late stage of pregnancy, menstruation, bleeding, medication toxins, anemia

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38
Q

what does it mean if the MCV, MCH, or MCHC are abnormal

A

anemia

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39
Q

what is the PC/PLT range

A

150-400

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40
Q

what does it mean if the PC/PLT is decreased

A

anemia

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41
Q

what does the ESR mean

A

how fast the blood sinks

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42
Q

if the ESR is increased what does it mean

A

infection, TB, osteoarthritis, chronic kidney infection, anemia, cancer, menstruation or pregnant, myocardial infarction, seniors

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43
Q

what should the immature granulocytes range be

A

0

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44
Q

what does creatinine do

A

measures kidney function

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45
Q

what is the creatinine range

A

45-110

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46
Q

what does it mean if the creatinine is increased

A

kidney function is not good

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47
Q

what does it mean if the creatinine is decreased

A

malnutrition

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48
Q

what should the GFR be

A

it must have a number, if it is zero it means there is poor kidney filtering process and there are abnormality in cells such as during HIV

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49
Q

what is ALT

A

it detects LV/KD function, paired with creatinine

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50
Q

what is INR

A

what you have to check every week if you are on blood thinners

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51
Q

what is ferritin

A

it tests anemia

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52
Q

the ferritin range for probable iron deficiency

A

15-49

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53
Q

the ferritin range for possible iron deficiency

A

50-100

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54
Q

the ferritin range for no iron deficiency

A

over 100

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55
Q

TSH increased and T4 increased

A

possible hyperthyroid

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56
Q

TSH increased and T4 decreased

A

hypothyroidism

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57
Q

TSH decreased and T4 increased

A

hperthyroidism

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58
Q

TSH decreased and T4 decreased

A

possible hypothyroidism

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59
Q

if TSH is increased it meanas

A

hypothyroidism

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60
Q

if TSH is decreased it means

A

hyperthyroidism

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61
Q

if T4 is increased it means

A

hyperthyroidism

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62
Q

if T4 is decreased it means

A

hypothyroidism

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63
Q

tea color urine

A

jaundice, liver gallbladder problems, medication, blood

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64
Q

soy sauce urine

A

malaria

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65
Q

milky urine

A

blockage of lymph tracks, filariasis disease

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66
Q

blue/green urine

A

medication

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67
Q

dark orange or red urine

A

toxins, vitamin B

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68
Q

3 cup of testing the blood urination

A

if there is blood in the first cup = UTI
if there is blood in the second cup = UB/KD, prostate problems
if there is blood in the third cup = UB problem

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69
Q

PH range of urine

A

5-7

70
Q

urine acidosis

A

gout, diabetes, kidney infection, TB, diet, medication

71
Q

urine alkalosis

A

bladder infection

72
Q

increased specific gravity of urine test

A

diabetic, kidney dysfunction

73
Q

decreased specific gravity of urine test

A

low protein, potassium, or sodium

74
Q

protein in the urine

A

should be none

75
Q

what if there is protein in the urine

A

kidney dysfunction

76
Q

why might a urine test be positive for glucose

A

sugary drinks

77
Q

ketones in the urine

A

should be none

78
Q

what if there are ketones in the urine

A

diabetics, heavy exercise, fasting, general anesthesia, injury, or dysentery

79
Q

hemoglobin in the urine

A

should be none

80
Q

nitrites in the urine

A

should be none

81
Q

WBC in the urine

A

should be none

82
Q

what if there are WBCs in the urine

A

infection (of the urinary tract or vagina)

83
Q

what is HCG test

A

pregnancy test

84
Q

how long should you let a pregnancy test sit

A

for at least 1 minute

85
Q

when does ovulation occur during a regular cycle

A

7-10 days after last day of period

86
Q

when does ovulation occur during an irregular cycle

A

10-15 days after the first period

87
Q

dark stool

A

upper gastic bleeding, diet

88
Q

white stool

A

GI x ray, gallbladder tract blocked

89
Q

rice wash stool

A

cholera

90
Q

chocolate stool

A

ameobic dysnetery

91
Q

blood and pus in stool

A

intestinal cancer, enteritis, hemmorhoid, colon cancer

92
Q

red stool

A

diet

93
Q

green stool

A

diet, pathological in newborn babies

94
Q

yellow stool

A

healthy newborn babies

95
Q

what is a stool OB test

A

to test if there is blood in the stool

96
Q

what is an EKG/ECG

A

electrogardiograph

97
Q

AVR lead

A

right arm

98
Q

AVL lead

A

left arm

99
Q

AVF lead

A

left leg

100
Q

V1 lead

A

right side of sternum
4th intercostal space
KD23

101
Q

V2 lead

A

left side of sternum
4th intercostal space
KD23

102
Q

V3 lead

A

midway between V2 and V4

103
Q

V4 lead

A

left midclavicular line, 5th intercostal space

ST 18

104
Q

V5 lead

A

just anterior to the axillary line on the left side

same level as V4

105
Q

V6 lead

A

on the midaxillary line on the left side
level with V4
just above SP 21

106
Q

calculating heart rate with small squares

A

1,500 divided by the number

107
Q

calculating heart rate with large squares

A

300 divided by the number

108
Q

calculating heart rate using the R waves

A

count how many R waves there are in 6 seconds and multiply by 10

109
Q

P waves

A

depict the activity of the atria, should be equal to or less than 0.12 seconds, dips up like a hill

110
Q

*QRS complex

A

depicts activity of the ventricle, duration should be between 0.06 and 0.1 seconds

111
Q

Q wave

A

should be greater than 2mm, and shouldn’t dip down too much

112
Q

*PR interval

A

should be between 0.12-0.20 seconds, anything shorter indicates parkinson’s

113
Q

*R wave

A

V5 lead should be smaller than V6 lead

114
Q

S wave

A

should be smaller than 30mm

115
Q

ST segment

A

too high or not smooth indicates abnormality such as fatigue and depression

116
Q

T wave

A

should be 2/3 of the height of the R wave

117
Q

QT interval

A

duration should be less than 0.4 seconds, should not be more than half ot he distance between the R waves

118
Q

QRS axis

A

angle of the QRS should be between 90 and -30 degrees

119
Q

U wave

A

should be smaller than 2mm

120
Q

the apex o the heart points

A

down and to the left

121
Q

in atrial enlargement

A

the R wave is longer

122
Q

in COPD

A

there is atrial and ventricular hypertrophy so the P wave is too high and the QRS axis leans to the right

123
Q

X RAY

A

photography or digital image of internal composition of something. dense materiel will show, like bone, teeth. Air in the lung will show black. fat muscle appears as shade

124
Q

for an abdominal x ray, what is used

A

barium meal or IV contrast medium

125
Q

before using IV contrast medium you should do what kind of allergy test

A

Iodine

126
Q

ultrasound

A

sonography. use sound waves to develop the image of what is going on inside of body, can also see soft tissue as well. safer than x ray and CT scan

127
Q

who can suggest medical lab tests

A

anyone

128
Q

who can order medical lab tests

A

western doctor, naturopath

129
Q

what is the content of PE

A

physical exam

  • general
  • vitals
  • head (eyes, ears, nose, throat, neck)
  • each system related to HPI (onset, palliative, quality, radiation, severity, time)
130
Q

what is the 4 methods of PE

A

Inspiration
Palpation
Percussion
Auscultation

131
Q

know exam timeline of mammography

A

over 50 years old, check every year

132
Q

know exam timeline of prostate

A

over 50 years old, check every year

133
Q

know exam timeline of pap smear

A

female aged 18-69 years old, every year, if negative for 2 years in a row, can do it every 3 years

134
Q

what are the three most common lab tests

A

urine, stool, blood

135
Q

normal reading of RBC

A

M: 4.3-5.9
F: 3.8-5.2

136
Q

normal reading of WBC

A

4-11

137
Q

normal reading of HB

A

Hemoglobin
M: 135-180
F: 115-155

138
Q

what will show an increase in ESR

A

infection, TB

139
Q

what disease will show a WBC increase

A

infection, toxins, blood disease (hemopathy), cancer

140
Q

what is an INR test for

A

have to check every week if you are on blood thinners

141
Q

what kind of situation is an INR test needed for

A

blood thinners

142
Q

what are the 2 readings for checking thyroid function

A

TSH and T4

143
Q

tea urine color

A

jaundice, liver gallbladder problems, medication, blood

144
Q

soy sauce urine color

A

malaria

145
Q

milky urine color

A

blockage of lymph tract, filariasis disease

146
Q

blue/green urine

A

medication

147
Q

dark orange-red urine

A

toxins, vitamin B

148
Q

urine PH should be between

A

5-7

149
Q

less than 5ph urine

A

acidosis due to gout, diabetes, kidney infection, TB, diet, medication

150
Q

more than 7ph urine

A

alkalosis - bladder infection

151
Q

ph of blood

A

about 7.35. neutral

152
Q

what are ketones

A

substances in a urinalysis, should be zero in urine

153
Q

what if urine is positive for ketones

A

diabetics might be positive, called “ketone acidosis”, or from heavy exercise, fasting, general anesthesia, injury, or dysentery

154
Q

when does a woman ovulate

A

10-15 days after first day of period if it is irregular

7-10 days after last period if it is regular

155
Q

dark stool color

A

upper gastric bleeding, diet

156
Q

white stool color

A

GI x ray, GB tract blocked

157
Q

rice wash stool color

A

cholera

158
Q

chocolate stool color

A

amoebic dysentery

159
Q

blood and pus stool color

A

intestinal cancer, enteritis, hemorrhoid, colon cancer

160
Q

red stool color

A

diet

161
Q

green stool color

A

diet, pathological color in newborn babies

162
Q

yellow stool color

A

healthy newborn baby stool

163
Q

can you find parasites in the stool too?

A

yes, worms

164
Q

P wave

A

directs activity of the atria, should be equal to or less than 0.12 seconds, in leads I and II, dips like a hill

165
Q

QRS complex

A

depicts activity of the ventricle, duration should be between 0.06-0.1 seconds

166
Q

S-T segment

A

too high and not smooth means an abnormality such as fatigue or depression

167
Q

T-wave

A

should be less than 1/3 of the height of the R wave, any change means a problem with the ventricle

168
Q

how to count the heart rate

A

using small squares: 1,500 divided by the number
using large squares: 300 divided by the number
using R waves: count number of R waves per 6 seconds and multiply by 10 to get the number of beats per minute

169
Q

when doing the ultrasound for the uterus…the bladder should be

A

full

170
Q

CT scan or CAT scan

A

computed tomography, combined with lots of X-ray imagines to generate cross-sectional views, it is more steric (3D)

171
Q

what are anti-radiation food an supplements

A

diary, natto, seaweed, tomato, peppers, green tea, black fungus, black sesame, selenium

ICTCM Year 3 (5 decks)

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