Western Expansion Test (Ch. 14-16) Flashcards
Thomas Jefferson
Was in the Continental Congress. George Washington’s Secretary of Treasury.
Oregon Territory (Location)
Place where Lexis and Clark will explore. Included Washington, Oregon, Idaho, some Montana and slightly Wyoming. Great dispute over Britain area.
France
Sold the Louisiana Territory to the U.S.
Spain
Owned Florida, Texas and Mexico
Although, Mexico rebelled
Lewis and Clark
Lead an exploration from 1804-1806 to explore the new Louisiana Territory which was greatly unknown .
Manifest Destiny (define and explain)
The belief of Americans that thought it was their God given right to spread across North America. This was the thinking that Americans should control all of North America and it was theirs.
Western Territory (location and appeal)
West of the Mississippi River
Vast farmland
Unpopulated unlike the East
Travel Issues When Moving West
The Appalachian Mountain and Poor trails
Mississippi River (Settlement)
Early pioneers settled here.
The tributaries provided way for farmers to ship goods to New Orleans.
New Orleans
Provided a destination for the Mississippi River and trying good for them to be shipped out.
Louisiana Territory
First chance to expand in the 1800s. It stretched from Canada to Texas, from the Mississippi to the Rocky Mountains. This was unknown territory.
Jefferson Controversy (Louisiana Territory)
Jefferson argued that treaties were the same thing as this. So he did not seek Congress’ approval. Congress thought they had authority. Eastern states did not want more states.
Indian Removal (why and where)
Citizens wanted their land
Mainly gold was wanted
Moved them to Indian Land in Oklahoma
Marcus Whitman
The man who helped lead the Whitman Mission, and the converting of Indians to Christianity
Whitman Massacre
Attack on the Whitman family when measles killed half the tribe which they thought was on purpose
Mountain Men
Trappers and Hunters
Established relationships with Native Tribes and Foreigners.
Missionary
People who wish to Christianity
Cayuse Indians (masacre)
Killed the Whitman’s because their own died in outbreak of measles
Pioneers to Oregon (why and how)
Vast open land
By way of the Oregon Trail
Women on the Oregon Trail (African Americans)
In order to escape slavery and find freedom
Travel Precautions Taken
They traveled in caravans
Many wagons together
49th Parallel
Border settled upon between Britain and the U.S. in the Oregon Territory
Chinatown
Where many Chinese people lived when they were forced to leave San Francisco
Gold Rush
Attacked people to California in 1849 for a gold rush
Called them 49ers
49ers
Minining men who went to California in search of gold
Texas
Was controlled by Spain, Sam Huston helped defeat in their rebellion
Texas later Annexed into the U.S.
Texas Annexation
The adding of Texas to the United States as a territory
Polk helped acquire Texas
Rendezvous
Meeting at agreed time
Join Occupation
Territory open to 2 parties (countries) to use during trading for ten years.
Meriwether Lewis
Head explorer in the Corps of Discovery
Oregon Trail
Overland route to the West
2,000 miles from Independence, Missouri to the Columbia River in Oregon
Emigrants
A person who leaves one country to live in another
Prairie Schooner
Covered Wagon used by Pioneers
Trail of Tears
The way Indians were transported to their new land
Why did Americans Believe of the Right to Tame The West
They thought it was their God given right.
Manifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny Painting - John Gast Painting
animals, people, objects, and colors/lights
She is showing that people are exploding out of the crowded East and into the unpopulated West. This was the unknown which is shown by the dark, and the light area represents the known. The telegraph shows the coming connection of the West to the East. Showing the change of time, as progression goes into the West.
U.S. acquirement of the Western Territory
Acquired through the Treaty of Paris
13 Colonies to the Mississippi River
From Britain
U.S. acquirement of the Louisiana Territory
Purchased this from Napoleon (French) in 1803
U.S. acquirement of the Oregon Territory
Purchased this from Great Britain which started out as joint occupation
U.S. acquirement of the of the original 13 Colonies
Our Independence from Great Britain gained this land
Problem with Thomas Jefferson’s attempt to purchase the Louisiana Territory
He thought this was very close to making treaties, so therefore he did not seek an approval from Congress. Congress did not believe he should have this authority.
Congress bought the land
Cause of Napoleon offering the Louisiana Territory to the U.S.
Wished to unload territories in North America, mainly the South areas since he was more involved in Europe.
Difficulties for first pioneers into the Western Territory
The Appalachian Mountains
Poor Trails
The Terrain
Mississippi River (importance to early pioneers and where to)
Raft farm goods to New Orleans which they could ship to cities
3 Reasons Jefferson wanted Lewis and Clark to explore the new territory
Make friendly contact with Natives
Find the Northwest Passage
Finding what they had purchased from France
Sacajawea’s Contribution to Lewis and Clark’s Journey
Convinced her brother, a new chief, to give them horses
Translate when they reached Shoshone
3 Accomplishments the Cherokee made to make them to be deemed” civilized” by Americans
Education (language)
Economy
Government
Why Cherokee contend land in Georgia belongs to them
They were deemed a sovereign nation in the Supreme Court Case.
They were self sufficient.
2 Things why Cherokee Land was wanted by white settlers
Gold
Manifest Destiny
Where settlers thought the Natives should be sent
Indian Lands
Oklahoma
Indian Removal Acts allowed the federal government to do what
To pay the Indians small a amount in order to relocate them to the land set aside for Indians in Oklahoma.
Supreme Court decision regarding Native Americans
They were a Sovereign Nation, right to stay on their land.
How is Jackson’s quote against the Constitution?
“Chief Justice John Marshall has made his decision. Now let him enforce it.”
He could not disregard the Supreme Court’s decision according to the Government.
Since this helped the Americans no one stopped him.
Description of The Trail of Tears
The removing of Cherokee Indians from Georgia to new Indian lands during 1838 and 1839.
Tactic which Seminole Indians used on Americans
They fought back and refused to move
They stayed in the Florida swamps
Stayed on their land
Importance of Beaver Pelts to Europeans in the Oregon Territory
They were very thick
Offered a great trade value
Lasting impact of the Mountain Men
Trail Blazers for future Pioneers
Goal of missionaries in the West
To convert Indians to Christianity
Reason behind the Cayuse attack on the Whitman’s
An outbreak of measles
This caused them to attack because of Cayuse death
Attraction of new settlers to the Oregon Territory
The endless plots of excellent farmland.
The unpopulated area unlike the East.
Precautions Oregon Trail emigrants made to ensure their safety along the trail
They traveled in caravans
Many wagons together
Main reasons of death for Emigrants on the Oregon Trail
Childbirth, Snake Bites, disease, drowning, and attacks
Malnutrition*
Concept of “Fifty-four Forty or Fight”
Started as join occupation with Britain
Eventually in 1846 we settled on this border
Cost of the Louisiana Territory
$15 million
Attraction of the first settlers to the Oregon Territory
Furs and Beavers
Mountain Men
First pioneers into the West
Mountain Men followed by Missionaries
Method of traveling the Trail of Tears
Walking, all of the way
On the Trail of Tears what was given to Natives and killed them
Blankets with measles
Sam Houston
Commander of the Texas revolutionary army
Death on the Trail of Tears
4,000 of 7,000 died
Reasons for death on the Trail of Tears
Cold
Hunger
Disease
Country that held the
Mississippi
and
New Orleans
Spain
Thomas Jefferson bought the Louisiana Purchase from who
Napolean Bonaparte
Who Jefferson hired to explore newly acquired land
Lewis and Clark
Desire to Move West
Manifest Destiny
Location where early settlers settled in the Western Territory
Tributaries of the Mississippi River
Name of Lewis and Clark’s Expedition
Corps of Discovery
Supreme Court Case Involving Indians and their land
Worcester vs. Georgia
Cost to buy Florida from Spain
$5 million
First people to Oregon Territory
Mountain Men
Furs & Beavers
Impact of Mountain Men
Trail Blazers for future Pioneers
Oregon Trail journey time
6 months
Women on the Oregon Trail
Faced hardships with childbirth and labor
