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8th Grade U.S. History > Pre-Civil War North and South Ch. 18-20 Test > Flashcards

Pre-Civil War North and South Ch. 18-20 Test Flashcards

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1
Q

Industrialization

A

Advancements in technology and industry which allowed mass production using machinery.

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2
Q

Clipper Ships

A

Small ships with large sails which made travel by sea much faster than with previous ships.

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3
Q

Telegraph

A

An apparatus that uses electric signals to transmit messages.

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4
Q

Morse Code

A

Series of dots and dashes used to transfer messages.

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5
Q

Internal Improvements

A

The act to connect the country by creating roads and canals.

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6
Q

Railroad

A

Tracks that steam powered locomotives traveled on. Connected the North.

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7
Q

Hostility

A

Unfriendly attitude to immigrants

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8
Q

Robert Fulton

A

Raced the Clermant, a steam boat, on New York’s Hudson River to prove they were practical.

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9
Q

Peter Cooper

A

Invented the steam engine for locomotives.

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10
Q

John Deere

A

Invented the steel-tipped plow in around 1847

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11
Q

Elias Howe

A

Made sewing machine in 1846

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12
Q

Deforestation

A

Taking away trees in forests to gain the land

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13
Q

Prejudice

A

Unfair opinion not based on facts

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14
Q

Canals

A

Method to travel Rivers.

Used to connect areas, mainly the South for transportation.

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15
Q

Climate of the North

A

4 main seasons

Freezing summers to extremely hot summers

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16
Q

Farming Machines

A

Inventions which helped farmers increase the size of their harvest. Ex: Steel-tipped plow, mechanical reaper, and the thresher.

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17
Q

Factory System

A

Method of using unskilled laborers in order to complete tasks in an assembly line.

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18
Q

Immigrants

A

Person who comes to another country from another.

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19
Q

Nativists

A

People opposed to immigration

Thought immigrants threatened the future of “native” American born citizens

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20
Q

Discrimination

A

Unfair treatment of group due to personal feelings

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21
Q

Upper South

A

States Maryland, Virginia, and N. Carolina

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22
Q

Deep South

A

Sates Georgia, S. Carolina, Alabama and Mississippi

Harder for slave to escape because of great distance to freedom.

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23
Q

Plantation

A

Large area of land owned by a person and used other people to live on it and grow crops

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24
Q

Cotton Gin

A

Cotton “engine”, separated cotton fibers from seeds

50 lbs. instead of 1 lb. / day

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25
Q

Capital

A

money to invest in a business

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26
Q

Yeoman

A

Farmers without slaves

largest group of whites in the South

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27
Q

Rural Poor

A

Lived in crude cabins in wooded areas where they could do a small amount of farming.

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28
Q

Fixed Cost

A

Costs that stay the same every year that must be paid

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29
Q

Credit

A

Loan where money is loaded and is payed back later with interest.

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30
Q

Overseers

A

Plantation manager who looked over other slaves. Often a slave themselves.

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31
Q

Slave Codes (define)

A

Laws in the Southern states that controlled enslaved people.

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32
Q

2 Examples of slave codes

A
  1. Preventing from reading/writing

2. Prevented from leaving master’s property with ought their permission.

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33
Q

The Underground Railroad

A

Network of “safe-houses” owned by free blacks and whites who opposed slavery and offered assistance to runaway slaves.

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34
Q

Nat Turner

A

Literate religious leader who helped lead a brief violent rampage in Virginia which killed 55 people.

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35
Q

Harriet Tubman

A

Guide to many slaves as she returned to the South 20 times to free 300 slaves over 10 years.

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36
Q

Fredrick Douglass

A

Former slave who was an important leader in the abolitionist movement, was a literate leader.

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37
Q

Tenant Farmer

A

Farmers who rented or worked on landlord’s estates.

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38
Q

Climate of the South

A

Mild Winters

Long Hot Summers, long growing seasons as well as rainfall.

39
Q

Farming not an option in the North

A

Rocky Dirt

40
Q

3 Phases of Industrialization

A
  1. Divide Tasks
  2. Assembly line
  3. Factory + Assembly Line
41
Q

4 Impacts Industrialization had on Northern Economy

A
  1. Mass production made easier
  2. People From homes to workforce
  3. After Sewing machine, clothing was cheaper
  4. By 1860 Northeast factories produced 2/3 of US’ manufactured goods
42
Q

Transportation changes impacted economy

A

Contributed to America’s new booming industries.

43
Q

Need to change form of communication

A

Due to growth of industry and new pace of travel

44
Q

May 24, 1844 Event

A

Morse demonstrated the Telegraph to Baltimore

45
Q

Technology’s impact on farmers

A

Increase size of harvest

46
Q

Cash Crops

A

Crops planed strictly for sale

47
Q

3 impacts of Industrial Revolution

A
  1. Craftsmen out of work laborers paid little
  2. National government promoted manufacturing, trade and transportation
  3. Lead to urbanization
48
Q

Poor people lived where in the 1700s in the South

A

The Coast

49
Q

Barriers to Industrialism in the South

A
  1. Boom in Cotton Sales
  2. Lack of Capital
  3. Lack of demand in south for manufactured goods
50
Q

Southerners invested all their money where?

A

Slaves and land

51
Q

The South was dependent on who?

A

The North, manufacturers

52
Q

Average work day

A

14 hours

53
Q

Trade union

A

Organization of workers with the same trade or skill

54
Q

Strike

A

Refusing to work to create pressure to improve conditions, wages, and limiting working hours

55
Q

3 Unfair treatments of African Americans in North

A
  1. Vote
  2. Attend public schools
  3. Barred from public facilities
56
Q

Women’s suffrage 3

A
  1. Lower wages
  2. No union acceptance
  3. Prohibited from certain positions
57
Q

Sarah Bagley fought for what?

A

10 hour workday

58
Q

Reform

A

Change something for the better

59
Q

Henry David Thoreau go to jail

A

Refused to pay tax on Mexican American War

60
Q

Transcendentalism

A

Focused on nature and natural being

61
Q

First state to ban Alcohol

A

Maine

62
Q

Two famous women suffrages

A

Elizabeth Cady Sampson
+
Susan B Anthony

63
Q

Dorothea Dix’s goals

A

Prison reform, mental institutions, and education reform.

64
Q

Horace Mann

A

Father of Public education

65
Q

4 Souther Farmer Groups

A

Yeoman, Rural Poor, Tenant Farmers, and Plantation Owners.

66
Q

A slaves’s greatest fear

A

Sold or separated form family

67
Q

Slaves in a cabin

A

10-12 people

68
Q

1808 Congress outlawed________

A

Transcontinental Slave Trade

69
Q

Model of Declaration of Sentiment

A

The Declaration of Independence

70
Q

Invention that brought Industrialism to Northern Agriculture

A

Mechanical Reaper

71
Q

Fredrick Douglass spread is message by using _______-

A

The Liberator a newspaper

72
Q

Dorothea Dix devoted her life to____, _____, ____

A

Prison Reform
Mental Ill Reform
Education Reform

73
Q

Life for African Americans in North

A

Discrimination and Segregation

74
Q

Legal status of slaves

A

Property

75
Q

Harriet Tubman’s work in Underground Railroad

A

Lead slaves to freedom

76
Q

Goods transported by what in the South

A

Boats on Rivers + Canals

77
Q

Immediate effect of Seneca Falls Convention

A

Women’s Rights Improved

78
Q

Slaves and Women shared one characteristic

A

Little Rights for both groups

79
Q

Group which benefited from early establishment of public schools

A

Free White Boys

80
Q

Economy in South depended upon _______

A

Farming

81
Q

By 1850 Most efficient transportation method in the North

A

Trains + Railroad

82
Q

Reasons for textile mills being built on rivers

A

Easy transportation of finished goods

83
Q

Why Southerners that did not own slaves supported it

A

Their economy depended upon them

84
Q

Cotton Gin Effect on Slaves

A

Need for slaves increased + made them pick more cotton

85
Q

Reasons immigrants settled in the North

A

Factory work + inexpensive land

86
Q

A Slave’s bigest fear

A

Being sold / separated from their family

87
Q

How slaves used spirituals

A

Tell how to escape

88
Q

Focus of Horse Mann’s reform movement

A

Education

89
Q

Henry David Thoreau’s Contribution to Transcendentalism

A

Refused to pay taxes + Went into woods + Wrote a book about natural being

90
Q

Organizers of Seneca Falls Convention

A

Anthony + Stanton + Lucricia Mott

91
Q

Why Southerners invested little in mills + factories

A

No Capital to start + money in farming

92
Q

Geography of South’s benefit to farming

A

Rich fertile Farmland + Clmate

93
Q

Group that focused on ending slavery

A

Abolitionists

8th Grade U.S. History (2 decks)

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