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8th Grade U.S. History > Pre-Civil War North and South Ch. 18-20 Test > Flashcards

Pre-Civil War North and South Ch. 18-20 Test Flashcards

1
Q

Industrialization

A

Advancements in technology and industry which allowed mass production using machinery.

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2
Q

Clipper Ships

A

Small ships with large sails which made travel by sea much faster than with previous ships.

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3
Q

Telegraph

A

An apparatus that uses electric signals to transmit messages.

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4
Q

Morse Code

A

Series of dots and dashes used to transfer messages.

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5
Q

Internal Improvements

A

The act to connect the country by creating roads and canals.

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6
Q

Railroad

A

Tracks that steam powered locomotives traveled on. Connected the North.

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7
Q

Hostility

A

Unfriendly attitude to immigrants

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8
Q

Robert Fulton

A

Raced the Clermant, a steam boat, on New York’s Hudson River to prove they were practical.

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9
Q

Peter Cooper

A

Invented the steam engine for locomotives.

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10
Q

John Deere

A

Invented the steel-tipped plow in around 1847

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11
Q

Elias Howe

A

Made sewing machine in 1846

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12
Q

Deforestation

A

Taking away trees in forests to gain the land

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13
Q

Prejudice

A

Unfair opinion not based on facts

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14
Q

Canals

A

Method to travel Rivers.

Used to connect areas, mainly the South for transportation.

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15
Q

Climate of the North

A

4 main seasons

Freezing summers to extremely hot summers

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16
Q

Farming Machines

A

Inventions which helped farmers increase the size of their harvest. Ex: Steel-tipped plow, mechanical reaper, and the thresher.

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17
Q

Factory System

A

Method of using unskilled laborers in order to complete tasks in an assembly line.

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18
Q

Immigrants

A

Person who comes to another country from another.

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19
Q

Nativists

A

People opposed to immigration

Thought immigrants threatened the future of “native” American born citizens

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20
Q

Discrimination

A

Unfair treatment of group due to personal feelings

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21
Q

Upper South

A

States Maryland, Virginia, and N. Carolina

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22
Q

Deep South

A

Sates Georgia, S. Carolina, Alabama and Mississippi

Harder for slave to escape because of great distance to freedom.

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23
Q

Plantation

A

Large area of land owned by a person and used other people to live on it and grow crops

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24
Q

Cotton Gin

A

Cotton “engine”, separated cotton fibers from seeds

50 lbs. instead of 1 lb. / day

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25
Capital
money to invest in a business
26
Yeoman
Farmers without slaves | largest group of whites in the South
27
Rural Poor
Lived in crude cabins in wooded areas where they could do a small amount of farming.
28
Fixed Cost
Costs that stay the same every year that must be paid
29
Credit
Loan where money is loaded and is payed back later with interest.
30
Overseers
Plantation manager who looked over other slaves. Often a slave themselves.
31
Slave Codes (define)
Laws in the Southern states that controlled enslaved people.
32
2 Examples of slave codes
1. Preventing from reading/writing | 2. Prevented from leaving master's property with ought their permission.
33
The Underground Railroad
Network of "safe-houses" owned by free blacks and whites who opposed slavery and offered assistance to runaway slaves.
34
Nat Turner
Literate religious leader who helped lead a brief violent rampage in Virginia which killed 55 people.
35
Harriet Tubman
Guide to many slaves as she returned to the South 20 times to free 300 slaves over 10 years.
36
Fredrick Douglass
Former slave who was an important leader in the abolitionist movement, was a literate leader.
37
Tenant Farmer
Farmers who rented or worked on landlord's estates.
38
Climate of the South
Mild Winters | Long Hot Summers, long growing seasons as well as rainfall.
39
Farming not an option in the North
Rocky Dirt
40
3 Phases of Industrialization
1. Divide Tasks 2. Assembly line 3. Factory + Assembly Line
41
4 Impacts Industrialization had on Northern Economy
1. Mass production made easier 2. People From homes to workforce 3. After Sewing machine, clothing was cheaper 4. By 1860 Northeast factories produced 2/3 of US' manufactured goods
42
Transportation changes impacted economy
Contributed to America's new booming industries.
43
Need to change form of communication
Due to growth of industry and new pace of travel
44
May 24, 1844 Event
Morse demonstrated the Telegraph to Baltimore
45
Technology's impact on farmers
Increase size of harvest
46
Cash Crops
Crops planed strictly for sale
47
3 impacts of Industrial Revolution
1. Craftsmen out of work laborers paid little 2. National government promoted manufacturing, trade and transportation 3. Lead to urbanization
48
Poor people lived where in the 1700s in the South
The Coast
49
Barriers to Industrialism in the South
1. Boom in Cotton Sales 2. Lack of Capital 3. Lack of demand in south for manufactured goods
50
Southerners invested all their money where?
Slaves and land
51
The South was dependent on who?
The North, manufacturers
52
Average work day
14 hours
53
Trade union
Organization of workers with the same trade or skill
54
Strike
Refusing to work to create pressure to improve conditions, wages, and limiting working hours
55
3 Unfair treatments of African Americans in North
1. Vote 2. Attend public schools 3. Barred from public facilities
56
Women's suffrage 3
1. Lower wages 2. No union acceptance 3. Prohibited from certain positions
57
Sarah Bagley fought for what?
10 hour workday
58
Reform
Change something for the better
59
Henry David Thoreau go to jail
Refused to pay tax on Mexican American War
60
Transcendentalism
Focused on nature and natural being
61
First state to ban Alcohol
Maine
62
Two famous women suffrages
Elizabeth Cady Sampson + Susan B Anthony
63
Dorothea Dix's goals
Prison reform, mental institutions, and education reform.
64
Horace Mann
Father of Public education
65
4 Souther Farmer Groups
Yeoman, Rural Poor, Tenant Farmers, and Plantation Owners.
66
A slaves's greatest fear
Sold or separated form family
67
Slaves in a cabin
10-12 people
68
1808 Congress outlawed________
Transcontinental Slave Trade
69
Model of Declaration of Sentiment
The Declaration of Independence
70
Invention that brought Industrialism to Northern Agriculture
Mechanical Reaper
71
Fredrick Douglass spread is message by using _______-
The Liberator a newspaper
72
Dorothea Dix devoted her life to____, _____, ____
Prison Reform Mental Ill Reform Education Reform
73
Life for African Americans in North
Discrimination and Segregation
74
Legal status of slaves
Property
75
Harriet Tubman's work in Underground Railroad
Lead slaves to freedom
76
Goods transported by what in the South
Boats on Rivers + Canals
77
Immediate effect of Seneca Falls Convention
Women's Rights Improved
78
Slaves and Women shared one characteristic
Little Rights for both groups
79
Group which benefited from early establishment of public schools
Free White Boys
80
Economy in South depended upon _______
Farming
81
By 1850 Most efficient transportation method in the North
Trains + Railroad
82
Reasons for textile mills being built on rivers
Easy transportation of finished goods
83
Why Southerners that did not own slaves supported it
Their economy depended upon them
84
Cotton Gin Effect on Slaves
Need for slaves increased + made them pick more cotton
85
Reasons immigrants settled in the North
Factory work + inexpensive land
86
A Slave's bigest fear
Being sold / separated from their family
87
How slaves used spirituals
Tell how to escape
88
Focus of Horse Mann's reform movement
Education
89
Henry David Thoreau's Contribution to Transcendentalism
Refused to pay taxes + Went into woods + Wrote a book about natural being
90
Organizers of Seneca Falls Convention
Anthony + Stanton + Lucricia Mott
91
Why Southerners invested little in mills + factories
No Capital to start + money in farming
92
Geography of South's benefit to farming
Rich fertile Farmland + Clmate
93
Group that focused on ending slavery
Abolitionists

8th Grade U.S. History (2 decks)

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