Western Civs. Flashcards
Chorus
Voice for audience
Hamartia
Flaw that causes fall of protagonist
Anagnorisis
Recognition of their own nature
Hubris
Excessive pride leads to doom
Catharsis
Pity and fear in audience, for empathetic audience to relate deeply to story
Aristotle’s Tragic Hero
(5 rules)
- Nobility
- Tragic flaw
- Reversal of fortune
- Downfall
- Recognition of mistake in catharsis
Epic Hero
Best of the best, everyone loves them, great warrior, travels far and receive aid from a God or battles an enemy
Pythagoras
math and astronomy
Aristotle
student of Plato and had an importance on western thoughts intellectually
Plato
wrote The Republic emphasizing that society should be ruled by highly educated “guardians” but have a philosopher king
Socrates
encouraged people to follow wisdom , followed Socratic method, forced to drink Hemlock
Muses
9 godesses that had artistic talents and were beautiful
Doric
Manly column, simple
Ionic
Feminine column, scroll-like decorations
Corinthian
Fancy column, prefered by the Greeks
Roman Art
Influenced by Greeks, more materialistic
Greek Art
women fully clothed in draped garments, Athens was center, sculptures used as propaganda in grave moments
Roman architecture
concrete-domed buildings, arch, amphitheater design
Greek architecture
tall columns, intricate detail, SYMMETRY, harmony, and balance.
Oedipus
king of Thebes, accidentally fulfilled a prophecy that he would end up killing his father and marrying his mother, thereby bringing disaster to his city and family
Odyssey
focuses on life’s greater purpose through the fulfillment of destiny, perseverance, and loyalty. Odysseus’s 10yr struggle to return home from the Trojan War wherein he faces mythical beasts, the wrath of gods
Rage of Achilles
“wrath” of Achilles is the opening word and holds true significance to whole story
Alexander the Great
created empire that after it fell, caused Hellenistic culture to spread
Downfall of Greece
The constant war divided the Greek city-states into shifting alliances, and citizens suffered. became a dictatorship and rising tension between ruling aristocracy and poorer classes
Downfall of Rome
Barbarians and unstable gov.
Athens
Greek city-state known for their development of an early democracy
Sparta
Greek city-state known for its highly militarized society
Augustus
1st emperor during the Imperial Cult
- took many measures to protect himself
Hellenism
blending of the Greek culture with Egyptian and Persian culture
Oligarchy
small group of people having control, population of slaves was bigger than privileged: politicians, aristocrats, and soldiers
Pax Romana
encouraged inllectual growth and propaganda, 200 yrs
Punic Wars with Carthage
Impact: Gives Rome hegemony over the Western Mediterranean/ enhanced Rome’s power globally/ Helped establish Rome as empire, ended by burning Carthage
Delian League
alliance of Greek city-states created by Poleis and dominated by Athens to stall Persian attacks
Democracy
gov that’s ruled by the people, established in Athens (Cleisthenes!!)
Theocracy
political unit governed by a deity, religiously based
Republic
Roman where wealthy Romans elected leaders to make the government decisions
Roman Forum
public place where people could meet and exchange goods and ideas
Imperial Cities
city that is seat of empire (Rome)
-ruled by military emperors
Spread of Christianity
bc of empire’s unification and extensive road system
- CONSTANTINE
Judaism
Monotheism, Supported by Julius Caesar and Augustus
Constantine
first to convert to Christianity, he signed the Edict of Milan which made Christianity the main religion of Rome, and created the city of Constantinople
Edict of Milan
signed by Constantine and Licinius, tolerance of Christianity with freedom of faith without persecution
Etruscans
first rulers of Rome
Ptolemaic
dynasty that ruled Egypt after Alexander’s death
Seleucid
dynasty that ruled Asia after Alexander’s death
Effects of the Greco-Persian War
Persia lost a lot of control and the cities of Ionia were also liberated
-started a 50 yr golden age
-caused a Peloponnesian War
-begins an East/West side divide
Jewish Diaspora
migration of Jewish from their homeland bc Romans destroyed their temple and took Judea
Pericles
Greek politician and general during the Golden Age of Athens, democracy flourished
Centralization
Roman Republic was more centralized than classical Greece bc it started from single city state and became powerful
Julius Caesar
transformed Rome from a republic to an empire, died at the hands of the Roman senators
Cult of Caesar
honored Caesar after his death by Romans
Legal Codes
Rome: Twelve Tables, had legal concepts to help resolve conflict between patricians, the wealthy and privileged landowners, and the people
Spread of Disease
Greeks believed that angry Gods caused diseases, sacrifice and prayers were ways to search for remedy
Parthenon
temple by Pericles, center of religious life, head of the Delian League, dedicated to Athena
Trade
Traded through Appian Way, Silk Roads, Mediterranean
Role of Elites
ROME
-Patricians: upper-class, made up Senate
GREECE
-from Athens, responsible for everything
Classical Greece
period between Persian wars and after Alexander’s death
-war and conflict
-democracy was refined by Pericles
Eurasia
China, India, and the Mediterranean, connected by the silk road,
Greece Geography
SURROUNDED BY WATER
Mediterranean Sea to the south, the Ionian Sea to the west, and the Aegean Sea to the east.
-mountains and other obstacles led to city-states
Diocletian
divided Roman Empire into West and East
Nero
murdered people, and set Rome on fire
