Medieval Europe Review Flashcards
Vikings
-invaded Northern Europe
-when they stopped, Hanseatic league grew
Germanic tribes
Known as barbarians to Romans
Feudalism
Lesser lords and knights swore allegiance to greater lords and became VASSALS they received lands for military service
Agriculture
refinement of medieval farming technology, such as the plow, horse collar, windmill, three-field system, stirrups
Charlemagne
Ruler of the Carolingian Empire, imperial revival in West Europe
Franks
regional kingdoms in Europe that grew politically and were located in France
Byzantium
The eastern half of the European Christian world, centered on the city of Constantinople, developed Eastern Orthodox Christianity
Crusades
“holy wars”- bye Western Christendom against Islam
-declared by Pope
-swore a vow and were removed of their sins
Pope Urban II
Leader of the Roman Catholic Church
-wanted to go against Muslims
-started crusades
Dominicans and Franciscans
renounced all earthly possessions, helped people see a more peaceful side of religion and begged for financial support for the poor
St. Thomas Aquinas
attempt to reconcile faith and reason in a comprehensive theology
-can be rational while believing in God
Scholasticism
-Thomas Aquinas
bring together Aristotelian philosophy and Roman Catholic theology
Aristotle
known for science
Magna Carta
signed by King John
-English justice and law
-the king and government were bound by the same laws as other citizens of England
Guilds
businesses that dominated medieval towns
- passed laws, taxes, built protection
-each guild was an occupation
