Western Civilization Industrialization and Roman Romanticism Study Guide

Question 1

It was widely believed that the _______ __________ began after ___

Answer 1

Industrial Revolution; 1750

Question 2

Britain’s emergence as teh first industrial power was aided by: _____ ______ _____, _____ _ _____ ready supply of domestic and colonial markets, and developed financial system.

Answer 2

rapid population growth; surplus of labor

Question 3

The _____ ________ in Britain was largely inspired by _______ __________.

Answer 3

Industrial Revolution; aggressive entrepreneurs

Question 4

_______ _________ invented the water frarme spinning machine.

Answer 4

Richard Arkwright

Question 5

Britain’s ______ ______ ______ was the first industry to industrialize.

Answer 5

Cotton textile industry

Question 6

_____ was the power behind steam engines during the first ______ ________.

Answer 6

Coal; Industrial Revolution

Question 7

In the late 1700’s, Britain’s ___ ______ imports ________ dramatically.

Answer 7

raw cotton; increased

Question 8

Factory owners instituted a life of _____ _________ and the rigors of __________ ____ labor.

Answer 8

Harsh discipline; competitive wage

Question 9

_________ ________ were the way to discipline very young boys and girls working in new _______ industries

Answer 9

Repeated beatings; British

Question 10

Workers lost their means of production and could only sell their _____ for a wage as a result of _______________.

Answer 10

labor; Industrialization

Question 11

The newly built _______ ______ held Britian’s _____ __________ of 1851

Answer 11

Crystal Palace; Great Exhibition

Question 12

To protect its __________ _______, Britain prohibited insutrail artisans from going abroad.

Answer 12

industrial monopoly

Question 13

On the _________ _________, government played a ______ role in Continental industrialization.

Answer 13

European Continent; larger

Question 14

By 1850, the ______ _____ and _______ ______ were closing the gap with Great Britain. Russia had not

Answer 14

United States; Western Europe

Question 15

American Industrialization was a _______-______ endeavor because there was a _______ pool of unskilled laborers in the United States.

Answer 15

capital-intensive; larger

Question 16

The ________ system ______ costs ad revolutionized production through labor-saving innovations inmanufacturing

Answer 16

American; reduced

Question 17

The _________ population explosion was attributable to the disappearance of ______ from Western Europe.

Answer 17

European; famine

Question 18

The ______ of the _______ crop in _______ resulted in the Great Hunger

Answer 18

failure; potato; Ireland

Question 19

19.

Answer 19

19.

Question 20

_____ _______ advocated modern sanitary reforms that resulted in Britains first Public Health Act.

Answer 20

Edwin Chadwick

Question 21

The new industrial entrepreneurial class was mostly resourceful individuals with ______ ____ _______.

Answer 21

diverse social backgrounds

Question 22

_____ labor in the Industrial Age did nothing to change traditional female working patterns

Answer 22

Women

Question 23

The _______ _____ ____ of 1834 established workhouses where jobless poor people were forced to live

Answer 23

English Poor Act

Question 24

The Industrial Revolution resulted in the: betterment of the middle classes, a ______ disparity between the ______ and the ______ classes in society, and eventually led to an overall _____ in purchasing power for the working class

Answer 24

increased; richest; poorest; increase

Question 25

The ________ were artisans who destroyed industrial machines that destroyed their livelihood.

Answer 25

Luddites

Question 26

Efforts at industrial reform in the 1830’s and 1840’s in _____ _______ did not achieve establishment of a ________ _____ of _____ ______ by 1847

Answer 26

Great Britain; national system of trade unions

Question 27

Romanticism was characterized by:

Answer 27

• a strong, pantheistic worship of nature
• preoccupation with sentiment
• suffering
• self-sacrifice
• reverence for history that inspired nationalism
• a reaction to the excesses of the Industrial Revolution

Question 28

______ ______ argued that historical events were largely determined by the deeds of ______ heroes who transformed society,

Answer 28

Thomas Carlyle; Romantic

Question 29

The ________ ________ can be viewed as a reaction against the ___________’s preoccupation with reason

Answer 29

Romantic Movement; Enlightenment

Question 30

______ was the most important form of Romantic literary expression

Answer 30

Poetry

Question 31

Romantic artists focused on ________ and ______ of ___________ in their art

Answer 31

landscapes; depiction of nature

Question 32

___-______ buildings exhibited the nineteenth-century revival of medieval architecture

Answer 32

Neo-Gothic

Question 33

Romanticism in art and music was well characterized by the compositions of ________.

Answer 33

Beethoven

Question 34

Turner’s paintings were described as “____ _____, painted with ____ _____”.

Answer 34

airy visions; tinted steam

Question 35

Religion in the age of Romanticism experienced a ________ revival, in places like _______.

Answer 35

Catholic; Germany

Question 36

The lower classes remained in poverty despite the emergence of the late nineteenth-century _____ ________.

Answer 36

mass society

Question 37

By 1900, ______ had emergence as a leader in _______, controlling __ percent of the market.

Answer 37

Germany; dyestuffs; 90

Question 38

The Second Industrial Revolution saw the advent of ______.

Answer 38

steel

Question 39

________ became the new energy source that drove the Second Industrial Revolution.

Answer 39

Electricity

Question 40

_____ _____ revolutionized the car industry with the mass production of the _____ _.

Answer 40

Henry Ford; Model T

Question 41

In a cartel, independent enterprises worked together to _____ prices and _____ production

Answer 41

control; fix

Question 42

Industrialization in _____ was a result of government planning and initiative.

Answer 42

Japan

Question 43

In late nineteenth-century Europe, _____ competition for foreign markets and growing importance of domestic demand for economic development led to a strong reaction against free trade and imposition of steep protective tariffs by most nations.

Answer 43

increased

Question 44

“_____” jobs for women involved subcontracting of piecework, usually in tailoring trades

Answer 44

Sweating

Question 45

During the SIR, _______-____ ________ emphasized the gender role of women as housewives

Answer 45

working-class organizations

Question 46

_____ migrations to cities by country women and their increasingly desperate struggle for urban economic survival led to a rise in _____ ________in European cities

Answer 46

Heavy; female prostitution

Question 47

The state with the most successful _______ party in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century was ________.

Answer 47

socialist; Germany

Question 48

An issue that united all socialists together in the nineteenth century was the desire to improve ______ and ______ ______ for most workers.

Answer 48

working; living conditions

Question 49

______ ________ believed that socialism could best be achieved through the democratic process

Answer 49

Eduard Bernstein

Question 50

The ___ _____ __________ prior to WWI, varied from country to country, but was generally allied with socialists parties.

Answer 50

Trade Union Movement

Question 51

Initially, trade unions in the first half of the nineteenth-century function primarily as ___ ___ _______.

Answer 51

Mutual aid societies

Question 52

Ealry ________ believed that violence was the best means of achieving true freedom

Answer 52

anarchists