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American and religious movement > Western Civ. II > Flashcards

Western Civ. II Flashcards

1
Q

the movement of more powerful countries that sought to dominate smaller countries for various reasons is called??

A

imperialism.

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2
Q

the group in China that rebelled against western denomination is called?

A

boxers.

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3
Q

the warriors that sought to preserve Japanese culture in Japan are called?

A

samurai.

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4
Q

the Belgian king who sought control of the Congo by means of slavery and exploitation was who?

A

Leopold the 2nd.

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5
Q

what were Kant’s five concepts?

A

1) the mind actively engages in knowledge
2) division of knowledge between phenomena and noumena.
3) categories of knowledge.
4) Deontological ethics.
5) morality is inherently rational.

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6
Q

Hume’s basic concepts?

A

1) the problem of induction.
2) the uncertainty of causation.
3) the utilitarian view of morality.
4) the division of reason and morality.
5) the uselessness of the design argument.
6) the bundle theory of self.

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7
Q

to what school of philosophy did Hume belong?

A

Skepticism.

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8
Q

to what school of thought did Kant belong?

A

Rationalist.

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9
Q

what were the years of David Hume’s life?

A

1711-1776.

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10
Q

what were the years of Immanuel Kant’s life?

A

1724-1804

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11
Q

what were the philosophical schools of thought?

A

Skepticism, rationalist,

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12
Q

what were the seven concepts of the Romantic period?

A

1) high priority on imagination.
2) nature is divine.
3) symbolism in art.
4) emotion in music.
5) emotional rights.
6) emphasis on literature “poetry is developed as a literary art form.
7) objective gives way to the subjective.

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13
Q

the industrial revolution?

A

devaluing of human persons.

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14
Q

influential people within conservatism?

A

Edmund Burke (1729-1797)
Josef De Maistre (1753-1821)
Vicomte Louis Bonald (1754-1840)

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15
Q

influential people and groups within liberalism?

A

English Protestants.
French Philosophes.
John Locke’s theory of natural rights.

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16
Q

three fold social structure of the France during the French Revolution?

A

1) clergy.
2) nobility.
3) bourgeoisie and peasants.

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17
Q

general principles of conservatism?

A

1) caution with progress.
2) admiration for the past.
3) humanity bent towards evil.
4) establishments necessary to order.
5) community is primary.

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18
Q

Jorge Hagel?

A

is a Romantic, his ideology was influenced by epistemology.

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19
Q

General principles of liberalism?

A

1) humanity is basically good.
2) education is key to advancement.
3) governmental authority is granted from the governed.
4) population control is the key to economic stability.
5) laissez-faire theory of economic growth.

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20
Q

the term used to describe a country whose ruler exceeds the degree of control given to him, as he seeks to control; conscience, behavior and culture is what?

A

Totalitarianism

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21
Q

the form of government that seeks to erase class distinctions is what?

A

Communism.

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22
Q

the form of government that sought the salvation or evolution of a particular race or nation is what?

A

Fascism.

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23
Q

the party to which Hitler belonged was what?

A

Nazis

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24
Q

what was one of the main tactics that Hitler used to indoctrinate citizens was what?

A

Education.

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25
Q

totalitarianism:

A

developed primarily after the Great War, Europe had been left devastated by WWI leaving the people vulnerable to charismatic leaders.

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26
Q

what is totalitarianism?

A

it is a radical dictatorship that seeks to control not only the communal life but private as well. it seeks to control; economy, education, culture, and thought. it seeks to gain total control.

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27
Q

charicteristics of totalitarianism?

A
  1. callous disregard for human life in favor of the country as a whole.
  2. there is an exagerated focus on unity to the neglect of the individual.
  3. there is a rejection of democracy in favor of a one party system.
  4. will seek to control education in order to indoctrinate younger generations. no value for debate and individual thought.
  5. unifying theme to rally the citizens behind.
  6. a charismatic leader that is able to captivate the audiance.
  7. a promise to build a greater society to the benefit of the country.
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28
Q

ultimately totalitarianism took what two differant forms?

A

communism, and fascism.

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29
Q

what was the focus of communism?

A

international degree of motivation. desired their country’s political philosophy to spread across the world.

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30
Q

what was the focus of fascism?

A

national degree of motivation. only concerned with their own country. they desired a harmonious community even if it contained class distinctions.

31
Q

totalitarianism in Russia:

A

took the form of communism.

32
Q

vladimir lennon:

A

died in 1925, leaving behind Stahlin and Tronske.

33
Q

how did Stahlin overshadow Tronske in gaining control of Russia?

A
  1. he developed an international brotherhood of workers.
  2. began the destruction of the upper and middle classes
  3. nationalization of private property.
  4. focused on rapid industrialization.
  5. collectivized agriculture.
34
Q

totalitarian Germany:

A

took the form of fascism through Hitler.

35
Q

where was Hitler born?

A

Austria.

36
Q

what did Hitler view the Great War as?

A

salvation for the country.

37
Q

did Hitler view the Treaty of Versai as a good thing?

A

no, he was angry and dejected. he considered the German people week. he was convinced that they gave up too quickly, and thought that they should have continued detroying the French.

38
Q

what does “Mein Kampfe” mean?

A

my struggle.

39
Q

what claims did Hitler make in his book “Mein Kampfe”?

A
  1. that Germans were the master race. “gods” on earth. the Divine’s elect on earth/ super race.
  2. labon-straume, that is “living space.”
  3. rise to power, “feurer.”
40
Q

Germany put Hitler into a dictatorial power in what year?

A

1933 ad.

41
Q

General Hendenberg was somewhat of a monarchial democratic authority who did what?

A

in 1933 he was pursuaded in his old age (80), by Hitler… to allow a temporary period to move toward a fascist assumption in education and media.

42
Q

what did Gen. Hendenberg sign that gave Hitler dictatorial power in Germany?

A

the enabling act.

43
Q

what was one of the first things that Hitler did upon recieving dictatorial power in Germany?

A

openly declared that he would not honor the “Treaty of Versai.”

44
Q

what did Britain and France do in response to Hitler’s refusal to honor the Treaty of Versai?

A

they chose not to confront him, taking more of an approach of appeasement. they simply forgave the debt. and recalled their troops.

45
Q

what were some of the reasons that Britain and France responded to Hitler’s refusal of the treaty the way they did?

A

they were war weary, and they were rebuilding their own country.

46
Q

define coordination:

A

when the influences of the country were all under the control of Hitler and they all communicated the same message. the educational system, the media, and the entertainment.

47
Q

define eugenics:

A

the selective breading of mankind to improve national population.

48
Q

Hitler passed the Nuremberg Laws, which did what?

A

outlawed marriage and sexual relations between Jews and Germans. he was attempting to purify the German race.

49
Q

what are four reasons atributed to Hitler’s success?

A
  1. he delivered on promises of economic recovery.
  2. his policies against the Jews benefitted the majority.
  3. he appealed to the nationalistic pride of the average German.
  4. he courted the goodwill of the working class.
50
Q

why would the Catholic Church oppose democracy?

A

because the Church desired to have authority, which would be in competition with democracy.

51
Q

what was muzzalini’s four fold plan?

A

1)
2) he disbanded the labor unions
3) assumed control of the educational system
4) developed a motto for the people to rally around, “…”
5) he entered into a laterant agreement, in order to survive democracy.

52
Q

what countries comprised the allied powers of WWII?

A

The anti-German coalition at the start of the war (1 September 1939) consisted of France, Poland and Great Britain, soon to be joined by the British Commonwealth (Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Newfoundland and South Africa.)[1] After first having cooperated with Germany in partitioning Poland whilst remaining neutral in the Allied-Axis conflict, the Soviet Union joined the Allies in June-1941 after being invaded by Germany and its allies. The United States joined in December 1941 after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.

53
Q

who comprised the axis powers?

A

the Axis powers (German, Japanese, and Italian forces, were the nations that fought in the Second World War against the Allied forces.

54
Q

nialism was a philosophy of who?

A

Friedrich Nietsche

55
Q

describe nialism:

A

reason democracy and social norms were responsible for suffocating self realization. to Nietsche, cultural norms and religion were a problem.

56
Q

existancialism was a philosophy of whom?

A

John Paul Sarte

57
Q

describe existancialism

A

existance precedes essance. the best life we can hope for is to prolong ones existance and improve ones circumstances.

58
Q

what was the differance between nialism and existancialism?

A

nialism saw no meaning at all, offering only coping mechanisms. existancialisms primary motive was to get people to be true to themselves, self accountability.

59
Q

who contributed to the developement of psychology?

A

Sigmund Freud

60
Q

when was psychology first being developed?

A

late nineteenth and twentienth century.

61
Q

Sigmund Freud coined the concept of what?

A

the irrational governed by the unconscious.

62
Q

what was the id?

A

animal instincts.

63
Q

what was the ego?

A

a mediation between the animal instinct and the rational.

64
Q

what was the super ego?

A

the rational part of who you are, it developes reason and morality.

65
Q

what was the two worlds as described by imanuel Kaunts?

A

phenominal, and pneumenal.

66
Q

describe Kaunts pneumenal world:

A

a world that we cannot know anything about.

67
Q

describe Kaunts phenomenal world:

A

a world that we can know about.

68
Q

what was neo-orthodoxy a reaction to?

A

German liberalism.

69
Q

when did neo-orthodoxy begin to develope?

A

between WWI and WWII.

70
Q

who initiated the neo-orthodox movement?

A

Karl Barth

71
Q

what years were the great depression?

A

1929-1933

72
Q

Franklyn Delano Roosevelt coined what phrase?

A

the new deal.

73
Q

what was the new deal?

A

Roosevelts plan to combat the depression where, a dollar was only worth 80 cents to the consumer but a dollar for the farmer.

American and religious movement (3 decks)

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