Western Civ. FINAL Flashcards
Heresy
Someone that goes against tradition
Mercenaries
A foreign soldier who served for pay rather than out of loyalty
Legion
The basic Roman military unit of 5,000 men
Imperialism
establishing control over foreign lands and people
Agora
Used for assemblies
Acropolis
Section of a city at a higher elevation with great marble temples dedicated to deities
Punic wars
Wars between Rome and Carthage
Tiber river
River in Italy
Zeus
God of thunder and sky in the greek religion
Plato (and the republic)
His theory of the forms states that material things are imperfect expressions of perfect forms
Jesus of nazareth
Was born in 4B.C. Teachings were rooted in the Jewish religion. Emphasized the Ten Commandments
Diocletian
Emperor who split the roman empire in two parts in an attempt to restore order
Note:
YOU MAY HAVE YOUR NOTES OUT FOR ANYTHING BUT PART 1 AND 2
hannibal
Ruled the Western, Mediterranean, Spain, and North Africa
Julius caesar
a military commander who ruled Rome as an absolute dictator from 48 bc to 44 bc; began many reforms before being murdered
Augustus
Title meaning “ exiled one” given to Octavian who became the first Roman emperor
Paul
Most influential of the apostles in spreading christianity
Constantine
Emperor who issued the edict of Milan granting freedom to worship to all citizens of the Roman Empire
Socrates
He especially encouraged education through questioning. He also stressed the study of ethics or right of living
Leonidas
Lead Greek allied forces through the Persian wars
Hadrian
Emperor who codified Roman law in all the provinces and built a wall across Britain to hold back attackers
Objective
An account lacking bias
Subjective
Fact
Something that can be proven to be true
Chronology
A listing of events in the order in which they happen
Millenium
Period of 1000 years
Century
A period of 100 years
Age
Broad time period with a shared pattern of life usually don’t have a definite starting or ending point; Stone Age
Decade
Period of 10 years
Body paragraph
Paragraphs that are between the introduction and conclusion. Topic sentence, evidence, analysis, transition, evidence, analysis, closing sentence
Thesis statement
Sums up the main idea of an essay
Topic sentence
Previews the information in a body paragraph
Rebuttal
An attack on the other sides stance
Counter-argument
A reasonable claim that could be made against the argument
Polytheism
Belief in more than one god
Tyrant
Oppressive ruler.
Helots
Slaves in sparta
Ostracism
A process by which a public figure is banished from the city for a period of years
Parthenon
In honor of Athena, proportions balanced; 38 foot on the acropolis
Citizen
Free resident of a city state
Polis
A City-state in Ancient Greece
Minoans
Peaceful
Mycenaeans
Participated in a lot of war
Knossos
The location of a vast place of the Minoan rulers
Athenians
A greek city-state that moved slowly towrd democracy. BOOK SMART
Spartans
A city- state built by dorians in which daily life was ruled by military discipline. HUGE military prescence
Alexandria
A city in Egypt that stood at the heart of the Hellenistic world
Persian wars
Greeks vs. Persians. Persians invaded under Xerxes in 480v met by Spartan warriors. Persians defeated spartans
Peloponnesian Wars
Other city-states resented Athenian domination of the Delian League. Enemies of Athens, led by Sparta, formed the Peloponnesian League.
Homer
Greek poet who probably lived around 750 bc and traveled from village to village repeating tales of heroic deeds
Hippocrates
A Greek physician who studied the causes of illnesses looked for cures and had an oath attributed to him that set ethical standards for doctors
Pericles
Lead Athens during 480-404 bc. Helped to construct the Parthenon and democratic government in Athens. Athenian statesman during the golden age of Athens
Ptolemy
Astronomer-mathematician who proposed a theory that the earth was at the center of the universe
Virgil
poet who wrote the epic poem The Aeneid
Augustine
The philosopher who combined Christianity and platonism
Draco
harsh ruler of Greece
Monarchy
A government in which a hereditary ruler exercises centeral power
Oligarchy
Oligarchy is when ruling power is in the hands of a few leaders
Aristocracy
Rule by a hereditary landholding elite
Tyranny
Tyranny is when the government is in the hands of one person who seized control (often illegally)
Democracy
Democracy is when the government is in the hands of all people
Republic
A form of government in which the people choose officials who make laws
Dictator
A ruler who has complete control over government
Dynasty
A family of rulers
Deductive reasoning
Evidence 1+evidence 2= conclusion
Inductive reasoning
Use the past to help predict the future
Non-sequitur
Type of fallacy in which the facts don’t lead to the conclusion
Ad hominem
Type of fallacy in which one person attacks another person’s character and not his or her ideas
Begging the question
raise a question or point that has not been dealt with
Strawman
Set up because it’s easier to defeat than an opponents real argument
Checks and balances
To prevent one person or branch from having all of the power
Omission
To leave out; fail to include
The Declaration of Independence is an example of…
Primary source
Abductive reasoning
Infers best reasoning (Detectives use this)
Alexander the Great
Macedonian leader who conquered the Persian empire and spread greek culture during the 300s B.C
Primary Source
Documentation directly from a particular period of time
Secondary Source
Document describing another source
syllogism
Premise 1+ premise 2= conclusion
Aqueduct
Stone stucture that carried water from the hills to the cities
Plebian
A member of the class of farmers,merchants, and artisans that made up most of the population of Rome
Patrician
Highest “class” in Rome
Greek Geography
Broken up into small valleys and rugged mountains
Delian League
Athens
Peloponnesian League
Sparta
Attila the Hun
Invaded Europe savagely destroying anyone in his path
Pax Romana
“Roman peace”
Christians/Christianity vs Rome Empire
Christianity is monotheistic while Rome is polytheistic
Roman Senate
Used checks and balances just like the U.S
12 Tables
Made it possible for plebians to appeal decisions made by patrician judges
Latifundia
Farm using a lot of slaves
