Midterm Flashcards
Nomads
People who travel/have no home
Polytheism
Shang religion
Fertile Crescent
Land between the two rivers (Mesopotamia)
Ziggurat
A stepped pyramid where Mesopotamians worshiped
Cultural diffusion
Spreading out, merging different cultures
Mandate of heaven
Court of elders in heaven
karma
A bad force created by a persons action
How to quote
Author of source, says, “ “ ( ).
Clines
A difference between members of the same species created due to differences in where they live
Archaeologists
A person who studies the past using physical evidence
Fossil
A record of an ancient animal
Artifact
An ancient man made object
Monotheism
A religion w/ only 1 god
Polytheism
A religion w/ more than 1 god
Hominids
A genus of humans and their bipedal ancestors
Barter Economy
An economic system where people directly exchange goods and services for other goods and services
Hammurabi
An ancient Mesopotamian king, known for creating the first set of laws
Bipedal
Having and moving by two legs
Cuneiform
The ancient language of the Mesopotamians
City state
An independent city which, with its surrounding land, forms a center of culture, economy, etc.
Pictographs
Pictures of something- used as a form of writing that stands for an idea
Scribe
A person whose job was to write
Hierarchy
When one group of people leads all the other people
Annunaki
The Mesopotamian pantheon (group of gods)
Civilization
A complex culture that has a surplus of food, organized government and cities, complex religions, division of labor, system of writing, social classes, arts/architecture, and public works.
Phonetic alphabet
An alphabet, inspired by the Phonecians, where certain letters make certain sounds
Market (Money) Economy
An economic system where people exchange money for goods and services
Cultural diffusion
A process through which cultures become more similar due to interaction
Patriarchal
Led by men
Animism
Idea that spirits inhabit everything
Caste System
A system in India in which people are sorted into “castes” and are given rights based on their caste
Buddha
The creator of Buddhism who supposedly reached Nirvana on earth
Karma
The belief that what you put into the world will come back to you
Dharma
The eternal and inherent nature of reality, regarded in Hinduism as a cosmic law underlying right behavior and social order.
Ganga
The personification of the river Ganges, who is worshiped by Hindus as the goddess of purification and forgiveness.
Belt & Road Initiative
An initiative created by the Chinese government where China provides goods and services for cheap in exchange for making them reliant on China. This initiative is inspired by the ancient silk road.
Quotas
A system in which institutions are forced to allow a certain amount of a certain group of people. This is implemented in India, where certain castes are forced to be allowed into institutions
How do religions reflect the specific civilization they are found in?
Beliefs are stemmed from creation story.Also,
Geography
How are they similar? (Check out the creation stories we discussed)
1) Gods
2) World starts by someone waking up
3) Sometimes has something to do with water
Hammurabi
Special code made by Hammurabi himself.The code was used for Babylon
Solomon
King in Mesopotamia and Israel, paid for large temple using taxes
Moses
Iconic figure in Israel, brought Israelites out of Egypt
Qin Shi Huang Di
Built the great wall, was emperor of China in 221 BCE
Taizong
Had a lot of concubines. Liked one concubine, Han code
Mesopotamia Invasions
Very accessible to outsiders, susceptible to invasion; now coveted for oil
Mesopotamia Agriculture
Rivers are very important, provide farm land/sustenance
Phonecia and Lydia trades
Traded by sea all the way to England (Phoenicia is the Holy Land)
Phonecia and Lydia Natural resources available
Tyre seashells, lumber, gold; traded for other resources
Hebrews had what resources avalible
Bought lumber from Phoenicians
Hebrews Location and relationship with other civilizations
Israel–bad relationship with other civs
China Isolationg topography
Mountains, deserts, and ocean
China rivers
Provide water and possibilities for agriculture, China’s Sorry because of unpredictable flooding
India Isoltaing topography
Mountains, rivers, Indian Ocean
India the ganges
A river used for religious practices, holiest river to India, SE through a fertile land, Jal Provah (floating bodies when can’t afford)
The effects of the Agricultural Revolution on civilizations
The Agricultural Revolution caused a surplus of food, transitioned from nomads to having settlements, and domesticated the first animal which was a dog
Characteristics of ALL Civilizations
Surplus of food, organized government and cities, division of labor, specialization in fields of work apart from agriculture, system of writing, recordings of history, social classes, art and architecture, and public works.
Bias
For a particular perspective. Changes based on perspective, memory, availability of sources, and cultural differences.
Effects & Examples of Cultural Diffusion
Standardized Currency started by Qin Shi Huang Di with bronze coins that have a hole in the middle
Laws and ancient civilizations
An example of early laws are The Ten Commandments. The Ten Commandments were based in religion and introduced laws such as “Thou shalt not kill”, ”Thou shalt not convert”, and “Honor thy father and mother”
Hammurabi’s Code-
How to quote
Author of source, says, “ “ ( ).
