Western Art History Flashcards
The first works of sculpture
Fertility Sculpture
Exaggerated treatment of female sexual attributes
Fertility sculpture
Example of fertility sculpture
Venus of willendorf and the venus of dolni vestonice
Closely knit with religion
Art of ancient Egypt / Egyptian art
The core of their beliefs is a profound preoccupation with death and immortality
Egyptian Art
This during ancient times were exemplary not just because of the grandiose architecture, but also because of the paintings and sculptures they contained.
Pyramids and temples
Three periods of greek art
Archaic— classical—hellenistic
arts manifested the influence of earlier civilizations such as those of Mesopotamia and Egypt.
Archaic Period
There is a rise in complex aesthetic and philosophical ideas was achieved
Classical Period
Perfect naturalism was among the traits of sculpture
Classical Period
_____________was among the traits of sculpture
Perfected naturalism
A time when classical ideals were challenged
Hellenistic period
Emotion replaced classical restraint and serenity
Hellenistic period
_________replaced classical restraint and serenity
Emotion
Four prevalent artistic styles under the medieval period:
Early christian period— byzantine— romanesque— gothic
Followed the teachings of Christianity
Early christian art
an emphasis on the spiritual and eternal - life on earth being a preparation for life after death.
Early Christian Art
merged a two-dimensional style placing emphasis on clarity of line and sharpness of outline.
Byzantine Art
This was also prevalent, resulting to flat frontal figures with heads turned to three-quarter view.
Western three dimensional style of classical tradition
In painting and sculpture showcased figures in unrealistic anatomy and whirlpool of intricate patterns.
Romanesque style
Architecture during this period were mostly massive and placed an emphasis on horizontality, since the fortresses predominated
Romanesque Style
New technologies in construction allowed for a development of_______________
Gothic style of architecture
Aside from the use of stone in building, there were translucent stained glass and in the interior, ornaments of gold, silver, and precious stones, and exquisite tapestries.
Gothic Style
Meaning rebirth, is one of the highest moments of civilization.
Renaissance
During this time, there was a revival of classical learning in the study of Greek and Roman texts.
Renaissance
Known Artist during the Renaissance Are:
Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, Donatello
The decay of classicism in the visual arts took the form of____________
Mannerism
which expressed the insecurity, anxieties, and escapist tendencies of the aristocratic class.
Mannerism
Perversion of classicism
Mannerism
The highly sensual and dynamic style that emerged from the crisis of Christianity gave rise to?
Baroque Style
Movement, energy, and restlessness are the characteristic style of the?
Baroque Period
Is marked by excessive ornamental intricacy
Baroque Style
Extension of the baroque art in its ornate aspect.
Rococo
organic growth with spirals, and twisting lines becoming increasingly ornate.
Rococo
In pursuant of the classical tradition of greek and roman art in the 19th century
Neo-classicism
Prominent artist during the neo-classicism:
Nicolas Poussin, Claude Lorrain
with its emphasis on formal discipline and its revival of antiquity, served the aims of the regime by exalting civic and patriotic values of the early Romans for the emulation of the public.
Classicism
an artistic style followed the French Revolution.
Romanticism
stressed the individual freedom of the artist and his subjective reaction to the world around him.
Romanticism
Due to the rise of industrial capitalism, and with it the growth of the working class, a group of artists advocated for
Realism
They preferred to derive their subjects from the working people and to show them as they are in their daily activities without idealizing them.
Realism
It was lead by the theory of aetheticism giving the rise to “art for art’s sake.”
Symbolism
During this period, prime importance on form or the formal aesthetics elements over meaning and content prevailed.
19th century | Symbolism
A reaction to the industrialization, machination of labor, and mass prodution.
Art Nouveau
Plant motifs proliferated in this style characterized by sinuous, undulating line transforming itself continually to tendrils, stems, leaves, veins, and petals.
Art Nouveau
Is considered style developed through the experimentation of form.
Impressionism
A rebel movement against classicism in french academy with its ideals of performance, stability, and the intention of capturing the eternal.
Impressionism
use of bright colors by the impressionists
Fauvism
With color assuming primary importance, they aimed at gay or startling compositions.
Fauvism
derived from the modern period’s primacy of feeling, often strong and violent, always intensely personal, in the work of art.
Expressionism
nature and everyday objects, such as flowers, become highly expressive of a mood or an emotional state.
Expressionism
was a movement that treated nature by its basic forms: cylinders, spheres, cones, everything in proper perspective, so that each side of an object or a plane is directed towards a central point.
Cubism
Point of view was continually shifting, shapes were exaggerated and simplified, while color emphasized formal structure.
Cubism
Linear perspective was negated and the canvas was reaffirmed as a two-dimensional surface.
Cubism
As a style in painting, it strove to analyze visually the various stages of action.
Futurism
Painting seem to correspond to photography and a series of multiple exposures of one action in a single film.
Futurism
a violent reaction against the tyranny of artistic traditions.
Dadaism
ridiculed the bourgeois concept of art as commodity.
Dadaist/ Dadaism
Prominent artist of dadaism:
Marcel Duchamp and Frances Picabia
draws from the psychoanalytic methods of Freud, particularly that of free association and the interpretation of dreams.
Surrealism
Artist who practiced surrealism were:
Salvador Dali and Giorgio de Chirico
centered around the theory that man’s conscious activity was but a small and limited area compared to the vast realism of the unconscious of which dreams are only the symbols.
Surrealism
was the leader. of the De Stijl group.
Piet Mondrian
They developed geometric abstraction through mathematically precise paintings based on right angles, squares, and rectangles.
De Stijl
Their work influenced the suprematists, a Russian group including Kasimir Malevich, which aimed to achieve “pure painting” freed from any allusions to the external world.
De Stijl
Also called as action painting
abstract expressionism
The major exponent of this style was Jackson Pollock whose technique, consisting of splattering or spraying the canvas with paint, brings the element of chance into play.
Abstract expressonism
The major exponent of this style was_______________ whose technique, consisting of splattering or spraying the canvas with paint, brings the element of chance into play.
Jackson Pollock
created through ingenious and precise combinations of line and color.
Optical illusion
It requires great precision in planning, as well as scrupulous draftsmanship.
Optical Illusion
drew its subjects from mass-produced items that flood the consumer market.
Pop-art
These are usually half-comic, half-ironic commentaries on contemporary urban consumerist societies.
Pop-art
Also called hyperrealism or superrealism
Photorealism
These are works that are heavily dependent on photographs as references, often projected onto a canvas allowing images to be replicated with precision and accuracy.
Photorealism
makes use of an “environmental object” or an “environmental composition.”
Installation
Objects are organized to provide a psychological atmosphere that the artist wants to create.
Installation
a genre in which art is presented “live,’ usually by the artist but sometimes with collaborators or performers.
Performance art
This reflects the period’s so- called dematerialization of the art object,” and the flight from traditional media.
Performance Art
Although the concerns of performance artists have changed since the 1960s,
the genre has remained a constant presence until today.
Performance Art
Intrumental period has:
Baroque period, classical period, romantic period, modern period
refers to the rich polyphonic music composed about the period 1600-1750.
Baroque period
It was a period of vocal forms such as the oratorio and the cantata, and instrumental forms such as the fugue.
Baroque Period
The great composers of baroque music were:
G. F. Handel, and Johann Sebastian Bach.
is the period between Baroque and Romantic periods.
Classical Period
has a lighter, and clearer texture than Baroque music and is less complex. It is mainly homophonic.
Classical Music
The key composers of classical period are:
Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig
Van Beethoven, and Franz Schubert.
In this music, emotion triumphs over intellect, and the beauty of the melodic line hold sway over considerations of structure.
Romantic Period
Well-known composers during romantic period are:
Frederic Chopin, Franz Liszt, Richard Wagner, Johannes Brahms, and Richard Strauss.
The trend from classical to romantic continued to the this period developed through experimentation.
Modern Period
Composers became preoccupied with the reassessment of the elements of melody, harmony, rhythm, and tone quality.
Modern period
Some of the well known composers during the modern period are:
the modern period are Claude Debussy, Arnold Schoenberg, and Maurice Ravel.
a rise in complex aesthetic and philosophical ideals was achieved.
Classical Period
Cave that is discovered that contain paintings
Lascaux Cave and Altamira Cave
