Philippine Art History Flashcards
Occupy an area of about 750 square miler where the southern ends of the Southwest Coast Range and the Cordillera, also known as the Tiruray Highlands, merge
T’Boli
The culture center falls more or less in the central part of a triangle whose points are the towns of
Surallah, Polomolok and Kiamba
T’Boli
subsist on hunting, fishing and cultivation.
T’Boli
Today, tourism is also part of their livelihood
T’Boli
This traditional cloth is associated with rituals on birth, life, union in marriage, and death.
T’nalak
often used as blankets and clothing on rare occasions as in royal wedding ceremonies.
T’nalak
made of krungon (abaca fiber) extracted from the mature fruit bearing, wild abaca.
T’nalak
What does T’nalak made of?
Krungon (abaka Fiber)
skill that a T’boli woman learns from their mothers, grandmothers, or even sisters.
Weaving
How long does it takes to weave a T’nalak before it finish depending on the length and complexity of design?
3-6 months
Before the dyeing process, portions of the threads are?
Tied
The threads are hand-dyed with pigments gathers from?
Roots, leaves, and barks
The surface of the t’nalak is coated?
Beeswax
The surface of the t’nalak is burnished with?
Small cowry shell
guides the weaver in her design.
Mental image
Spirit of Abaca
Fu Dalu
The patterns of t’nalak are bestowed through?
Dreams or specially granted by Fu Dalu
recognizable from other weaves in their sweeping design structure.
T’nalak
The traditional colors of t’nalak are:
maroon-red
black-brown
natural beige of abaca.
take pride in their work and enjoy prestige from the community.
Weavers
Traditionally T’Boli was weaved only by?
Women
traditional motifs may be used for many wealth items for personal purposes like:
garments
jewelry
weaponry
Most meanings of traditonal motfis with certain a certain abstract or higly stylized motifs are deeply rooted to?
Hindu-Islamic traditions and ancient beliefs
Islamic traditions of representation are usually limited to?
Geometric designs
Depiction floral and foliage
Share similarities with Indo-Persian and Indo-Chiesign due to Sulu’s foreign trade
Florals and Foliage motifs
This motifs combine to form a complex pattern - a highly abstracted form
Floral and Foliage Motifs
most important to the Tau Sug, Samal, Badjaw, and Jama Mapun of the Sulu archipelago.
Ukkil
Ukkil are most important to the:
Tau Sug
Samal
Badjaw
Jama Mapun
ukkil, okil or okir mean both:
The art of Sculpting and carving
A curvilinear design akin to arabesque
Ukkil motifs can be:
Carved
Painted
Patched
Embroidered
Etched
Cut out
Cast
Ukkil motifs can be found in:
Textiles and garments
Boxes and chests
Table and kitchenware
Carpets and prayer rugs
Leather goods
Ceramic wares
Holy Qur’an
Three types of ukkil motifs:
Sumping (floral motif)
Birdo (tree-plants motifs)
Hashas (serpent motifs)
conventionally embroidered on garments, wall coverings, and canopies
Sumping
Sumping (floral) motifs are conventionally embroidered on garments, wall coverings, and canopies which usually includes:
Sampaka and sumping kayapu
It is believed that these motifs share similarities with neighboring cultures as traced from the trading interactions of the indigenous people of Sulu.
Sumping motifs
In this sample of malong, there are____________________ (boxed in white) combined to form the decorating design
four variations of the floral motifs
motifs are curvilinear foliate design associated with fertility or prosperity, and symbolic of life and paradise in Sufism.
Birdo (tree-plant)
Native artists employ at random a variety of stylized____________________ to compose a birdo pattern.
dahun (leaf) and bagun (vine)
universally includes snakes, dragons, and aquatic animals like fish, eel, dolphin, lizard, and crocodile.
Hashas (serpent motifs)
symbolic of water, virility, fertility, and royal power.
Serpent Motifs
These are typical embellishments on prow, sidings, crossbeams, eaves, and even the pulleys of old watercrafts.
Hashas (serpent motifs)
a type of architecture in Maranaw society
Torogan
center of community life in a Maranaw principality
Torogan
sets the tone for the social life of the community.
Torogan
the community becomes leaderless and without direction, especially in social activities
Absence of a Torogan and Datu
usually highly decorated, it does not exist simply to be symbolic of the Maranaw culture.
Torogan
serves a function in the social and communal lifestyle of the Maranaw.
Torogan
Functions of a Torogan
Home for the Datu
Meeting Hall
Community Court
Ceremonial and Social Hall
Spiritual House
Built for the sultan or the Datu who holds he highest rank in a community
Torogan
It is an ancestral communal house for him who will reside in it with his closest relatives.
Torogan
Function: A torogan is built for the sultan or the datu who holds the highest rank in a community
Home of the Datu
Function: The torogan is a multi-purpose building which serves as a meeting hall when the sultan or a datu calls for a conference.
Meeting Hall
Function: The torogan is where the sultan holds court. Community problems are brought to the attention of the sultan who would summon the contending parties for possible settlement of the particular case.
Community Court
Function: Torogans are used for big ceremonies such as weddings, wakes, and religious gatherings as well as major conflict resolutions between individuals or groups
Ceremonial and Social Hall
Function: The torogan serves as a social hall of the community where life-cycle celebrations involving prominent members of the community are held such as baptism, wedding, wake, and death anniversaries
Ceremonial and Social Hall
Function: The torogan is also the spiritual house of a Maranaw community where children learn to read and write the Holy Qur’an.
Spiritual House
found in the panolong is shaped like a serpent with its mouth opening to the east.
Niyaga Motif
Other forms of okir such as_________________ are believed to give prosperity and perpetual peace to the residents of the torogan.
pako rabong (fern blossoms)
Certain okir motif also serves as protection against evil spirits such as _________________found on the wall divisions in a torogan, around it, or on the intestine of the house (rampatan).
arabesque motifs
intestine of the house/torogan
rampantan
Outside the torogan is the ________________where activities which cannot be accommodated inside are held.
lama (wide yard)
The torogan has high ceiling and steep roof with panolong and beams with ornate designs that resemble boat prows, heavily decorated with the __________________________and with massive posts from tree trunks.
naga (fern-like sacred snake)
fern-like sacred snake
naga
