West Lung Pathology

Question 1

What receptors are located in the smooth muscle and slow respiratory rate in relation to distention of the lung?

Answer 1

Stretch Receptors

Question 2

Which of the following will increase elasticity of the lung?
A. Asthma
B. Emphysema
C. Neuromuscular Disorders
D. Interstitial Fibrosis

Answer 2

D. Interstitial Fibrosis

Question 3

Which increases more during Exercise Ventilation or Cardiac output?

Answer 3

Ventilation

Question 4

The Single Breath Nitrogen test measures?

Answer 4

Inequality of Ventilation

Question 5

Describe the Four Phases of a Nitrogen single breath nitrogen test?

Answer 5

1st: very short, pure oxygen is exhaled from the upper airways and the nitrogen concentration is zero.
2nd: the nitrogen concentration rises rapidly as the anatomic dead space is washed out by alveolar gas. This phase is also short.
3rd: consists of alveolar gas, and the tracing is nearly flat with a small upward slope in healthy individuals. This portion is often known as the alveolar plateau. In patients with uneven ventilation, the third phase is steeper, and the slope is a measure of the inequality of ventilation.
4th: Reason for the rise in nitrogen concentration in phase 4 is that some regions of lung are poorly ventilated and therefore receive relatively little of the breath of oxygen. These areas therefore have a relatively high concentration of nitrogen because there is less oxygen to dilute this gas. Also, these poorly ventilated regions tend to empty last.

Question 6

Type of Emphysema with destruction is limited to the central part of the lobule, and the peripheral alveolar ducts and alveoli may escape unscathed.

Answer 6

Centriacinar Emphysema

Question 7

Type of Emphysema shows distension and destruction of the whole lobule. Occasionally, the disease is most marked in the lung adjacent to interlobular septa (paraseptal emphysema), while in other cases, large cystic areas or bullae develop (bullous emphysema).

Answer 7

Panacinar Emphysema

Question 8

Name for unilateral emphysema, which causes a unilaterally hyperlucent chest radiography, and idiopathic giant bullous emphysema. Believed to be caused by childhood bronchiolitis obliterans from infection.

Answer 8

MacLeod’s or Swyer-James syndrome

Question 9

Chronic Bronchitis hallmark of tissue pathology is hypertrophy of mucous glands in the large bronchi and evidence of chronic inflammatory changes in the small airways. The mucous gland enlargement may be expressed as the gland–wall ratio, referred to as the?

Normally less than 0.4, this value may exceed 0.7 in severe chronic bronchitis .

Answer 9

Reid index