West Civ Final Key Terms

Question 1

Aides (5 Enlightenment)

Answer 1

The Aides was one of the three main taxes in France during the 18th century. The aides is important because as one of the three main taxes in France the tax contributed to the economic spiral in France. . Aides is important to Western civilization because it was one of the main taxes that led to an economic spiral in France that impacted the lives of commoners and played a crucial role in the development of taxation in France

Question 2

Tax Farms (5 Enlightenment)

Answer 2

Tax Farms were systems of tax collections in which tax farmers bid on the contracts to collect a certain tax. Tax Farms were important because they produce an economic spiral in France which had generated a debt of 2 billion vivre. This debt led to to a multi-year dweller where commoners were caught up in paying taxes to the government to solve the debt created by King Louis’ abuse of the tax farms. Tax Farms are important to Western civilization because they led to an economic spiral in France that impacted the lives of commoners as they could barely afford bread and played a crucial role in the development of taxation in France

Question 3

Political Vice-Royalty (5 Enlightenment)

Answer 3

A Political Vice-Royalty was a policy that placed all of the colonies under royal control by limiting the amount autonomy of the colony’s subjects. Political Vice-Royalties are important because they helped expand European nations and led Europe to have influences all over the world.

Question 4

The Great Fear (6 French Rev)

Answer 4

The Great fear was a period during the French Revolution in which peasants were afraid of aristocrats because of a rumor that spread saying that the aristocrats had organized an army against the peasant. The Great fear is important because it caused peasants during the French revolution to become violent. This violence ultimately caused French aristocrats to surrender their privileges, marking the completed end of feudalism.

Question 5

Women’s March on Versailles (6 French Rev)

Answer 5

The Women’s March was a march in which several hundred Parisian women marched 12 miles from Paris to Versailles to protest the lack bread in France to King Louis XVI. The Women’s March on Versailles is important because it was one of major protests against the bread crisis in France and was a turning point in the revolution which affected the fall of the French absolutist monarchy.

Question 6

Lafayette (6 French Rev) 16:10

Answer 6

Lafayette was one of the few men who wished to join the continental army during the American Revolution since he believed the war was a place to prove his military and enlightenment ideals. Lafayette is important because as having been part of a successful revolution he became a national representative when the French Revolution began and presented the Declaration of Rights and Man and the Citizenship marking one of the first steps towards a constitution for a France republic.

Question 7

Marat (6 French Rev) 31:14

Answer 7

Marat was a man who in 1789 was an monarchist who even showed his support of the king and the monarchy in one of his newspapers, however in 1790 Marat’s views change due to King Louis’ response to the Nancy Affair. Marat is important because he showcases how the peoples’ views towards the king shifted through the course of his rule. This shift in views is most prominently seen when King Louis hired and army to crush the revolution causing the people of France to completely distrust the king.

Question 8

Marc d’argent (6 French Rev) 19:40

Answer 8

A Marc d’argent is a silver mark worth approximately 54 days of labor. A Marc d’argent is important because the constituent assembly, influenced by Lafayette and Sieyès, passed a decree limiting those eligible to participate in politics to men who paid annual direct taxes equivalent to a Marc d’argent. Ultimately this law split the assembly between those who supported this law who were the people of Lafayette and the people who opposed it who were the radical leftist led by Robespierre.

Question 9

Champ de Mars (6 French Rev) 1:00:00

Answer 9

was a massacre where the troops of Lafayette fired on a crowd Parisians holding peaceful republican rally. This massacre is important because it lead counterrevolutionaries to demand a republic as opposed to the limited constitutional monarchy that Lafayette desired. This led things like newspapers to spread the concept of a republic to the public permanently damaging the authority and reputation of Lafayette and other monarchists.

Question 10

Monroe Doctrine (9 Rebuilding Europe) 1:00:00

Answer 10

The Monroe Doctrine was a doctrine issued by president Monroe in 1822 which recognized the independence of Latin America from Spain and asserted that Europe should not interfere with the Americas and vice versa. The Monroe doctrine is important because it established American influence in the west and put off European interference which heled shape the course of American history.

Question 11

Troppau Protocol (Rebuilding Europe) 1:00:00

Answer 11

The Troppau Protocol was a protocol passed in November 1820 as a result of the Napoleonic Wars that said that government that came to be from the result of revolution were illegitimate and could be considered outside of the European concert. The Troppau Protocol is important because it gave leaders the right of intervene in these states which decreased the possibility of the people to revolutionize against and overthrow legitimate monarchies lessening the chances of revolutions that could destabilize Europe.

Question 12

Congress of Verona (9 Rebuilding Europe) 1:00:00

Answer 12

The Congress of Verona was a meeting that came about as a result of the Napoleonic Wars that address issues such as the government in Spain. The government structure is Spain had been established as a constitutional monarchy after the wars. The congress called for French intervention of Spain in order to restore the absolutist monarch of King Ferdinand VII. The Congress of Verona is important because as the last meeting of the 5 great powers of Europe, the congress shows the strategy of international cooperation and reinforced the ideals of legitimate monarchies.

Question 13

Simón Bolívar (9 Rebuilding Europe) 1:00:00

Answer 13

Simón Bolívar was the leader of the revolution that freed Venezuela from Spanish control. Simón Bolívar is important because his fight to free Venezuela from Spanish control further showcases the idea that countries should have the ability to control their own domestic affairs themselves and that foreign countries should not interfere with the affairs of others. This idea which is also present in the Monroe Doctrine helped establish the independence of countries in the Americas from European control, shaping the course of the history of the Americas.

Question 14

Enclosure Movement (10 Industrial Revolution) 7:34

Answer 14

The Enclosure Movement was a time where wealthy landowners during the industrial revolution ended the open field system to increase their lands productivity and began fencing in their lands and evicting their tenants. The Enclosure movement is important because it changed the lives of these evicted tenants causing the majority of them who could not afford a new life in the colonies to move into the cities of Great Britain to look for work in the new mills. These mills were important because they contributed to the Agricultural revolution which laid the path for the Industrial revolution.

Question 15

Risorgimento (13 In the grip)

Answer 15

Risorgimento which mean resurrection in Italian was Italy’s reunification. The reunification was started by Camilo Cavour who had begun to internally develop the North Italian state of Sardinia by developing the economy reorganizing Sardinia’s treasury tax system and banking system. The Risorgimento is important because the unification of Italy began the push of the unifications of territories into countries after the Congress of Vienna.

Question 16

Peterloo Massacre (13 in the Grip)

Answer 16

The Peterloo Massacre was the massacre of workers who has assembled under the direction of Samuel Bamford for a day of speeches and rallies. Despite the fact that these protestors were peaceful the crowds worried the officials in Manchester who eventually ended up calling the police. The Peterloo Massacre was important because it served as a turning point in British labor relations and led the middle class and the aristocracy to find ways to improve working conditions.

Question 17

Treaty and Protocol of London (13 In the Grip) (throw away)

Answer 17

The Treaty of Protocol and London was a treaty produced by the meeting of the English, Danish and Prussian government in 1852. The Treaty stated that one the Danish king died, Prince Christian of Glucksburg would become the next king of Denmark and the Duchess of Holstein and Schleswig. The Treaty of Protocol and London is important because it ensured the territorial integrity of Denmark and settled the issues in Danish succession.

Question 18

Francois Guizot (13 in the Grip)

Answer 18

Francois Guizot was the prime minister of King Philippe of France. Guizot refused reforms regarding who could join the National Assembly believing that the monarchy should favor middle classes gathered
by land ownership and moral tie to money, work, and savings. Francois Guizot is important because his actions led to an uprising in France and he heavily contributed to the economic, historic, and political concerns that characterized this crucial period in French History.

Question 19

Festa (13 In the Grip) 52:24

Answer 19

The Festa was a cultural celebration for the bicentennial of Dante’s Divine Comedy. The Festa was important because by allowing people to be patriotic and not political the celebration created a unifying principle which allow people to form an Italian identity, unifying Italy.

Question 20

★( sig) St. Monday (13 in the Grip)

Answer 20

St. Monday was what many of the people in Great Britain called Monday because they spent the day relaxing participating in activities such as sleeping, drinking and socializing. St. Monday is important because it shown the difference between the lives of the workers before and after the industrial revolution as work shifted from being task oriented to time oriented.

Question 21

Mangal Pandey (14 Imperialism)

Answer 21

Mangal Pandey was a soldier who was the first the urge the sepoys to refuse the British cartridge. Mangal Pandey is important because his actions against the British served as catalyst for Indian rebellion and paved the way for the independence of India.

Question 22

Mestizaje (14 Imperialism)

Answer 22

Mestizaje meaning mixed refers to the creation of noble mixed children within the Spanish Empire. Mestizaje is important because it allowed for the children of the indigenous people of the Spanish empire to have access to elite education systems and have more opportunities than people who were seen as indigenous Spanish people.

Question 23

Millenarianism (14 Imperialism)

Answer 23

Millenarianism, or a millenarian movement is the belief in a coming fundamental change in society by a religious, social or political group after which everything will changed and returned to a pure state. Millenarianism sprung about in around 1900 with the Boxer Rebellion which ultimately failed. Millenarianism is important because movements like the Boxer Rebellion can be used to compare and show the differences between successful and unsuccessful rebellions during the time.

Question 24

Treaty of Waitangi (14 Imperialism)

Answer 24

The Treaty of Waitangi was a treaty that signed New Zealand to to British control while leaving the Māori people the right the fish farm and hunt. The Māori people at the time had no idea what they were signing into, however when settlers led by a representative of the New Zealand Conflict made an attempt to clear the Mairi people off of the land the first armed conflict between Māori and began. The Treaty of Waitangi is important because disposition be law has had the greatest impact on indigenous societies in the former British Empire.

Question 25

Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 (15 WWI)

Answer 25

The Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 was an agreement which partially re-establish the sovereignty of Hungary as separate from the Austrian Empire. The compromise was brought about as a result of the attempt of assassination of Franz Joseph, the Austro-Hungarian emperor, by a Hungarian nationalist. The Austro-Hungarian Compromise was important because it put an end to the 18-year-long military dictatorship and absolute rule over Hungary and established Austria and Hungary as separate countries.

Question 26

July Ultimatiun (15 WWI)

Answer 26

The July Ultimatum was an ultimatum that Germany force Austria-Hungary to issue. The ultimatum consisted of 10 demands that were intentionally made impossible to accept in the hopes of provoking a war with Serbia. The demands included things such as the banning of publications and propoganda against Austria-Hungary and the removal of Serbian nationalist organizations. The July Ultimatum is important because its result led to World War I beginning with the war against Austria-Hungary and Serbia which other major powers ended up joining.

Question 27

Black Tuesday (16 Between the Wars)

Answer 27

Black Tuesday refers to the slipping of the stock market in 1929 after wall street brokers began to sell stocks. Black Tuesday is important because it is officially seen and the start of the Great Depression.

Question 28

Munich Beer Hall Putsch (16 Between the Wars)

Answer 28

The Munich Beer Hall was a coup d’état attempted by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party. The aim of the Munich Beer Hall Putsch was to seize control of the state government and overthrow the German federal government in hopes of replacing it with a new government where citizenship would be based on race. The Munich Beer Hail is important because it emphasizes that Hitler and the Nazi’s believed that Germany needed a new form of government.

Question 29

★Dolchstosslegende (16 Between the Wars)

Answer 29

Dolchstosslegende the stab in the back legend refers to the selective memory of many Germans who began to blamed left socialist communists and Jews for surrendering German honor despite the fact that the were not being attacked or even approached by and foreign armies. The Dolchstosslegende is important because it helped to discredit German socialists and liberals who wanted maintain Germany’s democratic experiment.

Question 30

Dada (16 Between the Wars)

Answer 30

Dada translation to hobby horse in French was a protest launched by a group of writers and artists in Paris after WWI. The name Dada was chose for its absurdity which is what the Dadaists believed everything to be. Dadaist attacked traditional artistic values and were skeptical of the value of all art for being indulgences of the bourgeoisie. Dada is important because the represent a social group that embodied the pain of the post war society.

Question 31

★Philipp Sheidemann (16 Between the Wars)

Answer 31

Philipp Sheidemann was a German politician who proclaimed the Republic from the Reichstag building in Germany. Philipp Sheidemann is important because his proclamation along with Karl Liebknecht’s of the free socialist republic reflected the conflict during the revolution. Became president 2`Weimar repu

Question 32

NSDAP (16 Between the Wars and WWII)

Answer 32

The NSDAP was a disciplined political party led by Adolf Hitler that had the aim to destroy parliamentary democracy. ★

Question 33

Lend/Lease Act (17 WWII)

Answer 33

The Lend/Lease Act was an agreement between Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill that said that the US would lend British military supplies and munitions that were not being used in exchange for British colonial territory. The Lend/Lease act is important because it ensured Britain’s capability to fight in the war.

Question 34

VE Day (17 WWII)

Answer 34

VE day of victory Europe day refers to May 8th 1945, the day that WWII ended for Europe. VE day is important because it changed the lives of those living in Europe. VE Day is important to west civ because it signified the end of a war that changed course of European history and led to a period of recovery within the continent.

Question 35

Freikorps (17 WWII)

Answer 35

The Freikorps were paramilitary groups formed by German World War I veterans These groups came about after the disbandment of the German Army following the end of World War I. The Freikorps are important because they paved the way for Hitler and the NSDAP because the NSDAP stormtroopers were modeled from the Freikorps. The Freikorps exemplify the challenges that societal groups face when transitioning from wartime to peacetime.

Question 36

Night of the Long Knives (17 WWII)

Answer 36

The Night of the Long Knives was when Hitler carried out a purge that killed many Nazi leaders and other opponents. The Night of the Long Knives is important because it was an event that showed German military members that Hitler was dangerous and needed the be assassinated. Night of the Long Knives is important to west civ because it show the extent to which Hitler would go to in order to establish his Nazi dictatorship and maintain his dominance.

Question 37

Henning von Tresckow (17 WWII)

Answer 37

Henning von Tresckow was a Major General who began recruiting members of the government and the army and began to plot the assai nation of Hitler claiming that it was “the most patriotic thing a German army officer could do”. Henning von Tresckow was important because he showed that many people in Germany were scared of the Nazi police state and even worked against it.

Question 38

NATO (18 A curtain Descends)

Answer 38

NATO or the North Atlantic Treaty Organization was an organization meant to ensure global peace that developed as the result of European fears of soviet aggression. NATO is important because it provided reassurance and security to the people of Europe.

Question 39

Long Telegram (18 A curtain Descends)

Answer 39

The Long Telegram was a crucial document sent by George Kennan to Washington which explained communist mentality. Kennan described the communist mentality as the soviet hostility to the West in order to legitimize their dictatorship. The long telegram is important because it influenced policies such as the Truman Doctrine. The Long Telegram is important to west civ because it influenced U.S foreign policy during the Cold War.

Question 40

Truman Doctrine (18 A curtain Descends)

Answer 40

The Truman Doctrine was a doctrine signed into law on March 12 1947 that was meant to provide aid to Greece and Turkey. The Truman Doctrine is important because it marked the formal declaration of the Cold War between the US and the Soviet Union.

Question 41

Treaty of Rome (19 Europe After WWII)

Answer 41

The Treaty of Rome was a treaty that established the European Economic Community ECC for the purpose of integrating the six member nations of Europe. The Treaty of Rome is important because marked an approach to the integration of European powers after France pulled out of the EDC, and contributed to the political unity of western civilization

Question 42

Maastricht Treaty (19 Europe After WWII) (Throw away)

Answer 42

The Maastricht Treaty The EU came into being with this treaty. Britain eventually left the EU because they claimed Eastern European immigrants were “taking their jobs”

Question 43

Dien Bien Phu (19 Europe After WWII)

Answer 43

Dien Bien Phu was a French garrison that Ho Chi Minh seized and fell back into Vietnamese hands. This caused the French to retreat from Vietnam.

Question 44

Kitchen Table Debates (19 Europe After WWII)

Answer 44

The Kitchen Table debate was a debate between Nixon and Khrushchev. This debate was essentially a verbal joust between America and the Soviet Union. The Kitchen Table debate was important because it was the first televised debate of political ideals broadcasted across the United States. portrayed the idea of containment and showed the technological advancements of the soviet union.

Question 45

Sputnik (19 Europe After WWII)

Answer 45

Sputnik 1 was Earths first artificial satellite launched by the soviet union. The Sputnik 1 was important because it showed that the U.S was falling behind in technological advancements.

Question 46

Suez Canal Crisis (19 Europe After WWII)

Answer 46

The Suez Canal Crisis was the crisis where when the Nassar of Egypt nationalized the Suez Canal countries of Britain, France and Israel opposed of this resulting in the invasion of Egypt by Israel. This led the U.S to threaten to sanction these countries if they did not stop fighting. Important because it showed how the U.S did not preserve neutrality by stopping countries from interfering with Egypt’s nationalization of the Suez Crisis.

Question 47

Ho Chi Minh (19 Europe After WWII)

Answer 47

Ho Chi Minh was Vietnamese nationalist who studied in Paris and became one of the first members of the Parisian Communist Party. Ho Chi Minh led the siege of Dien Bien Phu. Ho Chi Minh is important because he was one of the main factor that caused the French to retreat from Vietnam.

Question 48

Basic Law (19 Europe After WWII)

Answer 48

The Basic Law, adapted over WWII served as a temporary constitution meant to guide the nation until German reunification. The Basic Law is important because it decentralized federal power
by granting power to the states and played a role in the recovery of the country after its defeat in WWII. Christiam democartic union revived germanys’s manufacturing infastructre.