West Book Chapter 1 - 3

Question 1

Describe Fick’s law.

Answer 1

Movement of gas is proportional to area & inversely proportional to thickness

Question 2

What make up the conducting zone?

Answer 2

Trachea, main stem, bronchia, terminal bronchioles

Question 3

What makes up the acinnus?

Answer 3

Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, & alveolar sacs

Question 4

What makes up the pulmonary blood vessels?

Answer 4

Pulmonary artery, capillaries, & pulmonary vein

Question 5

Damage to pulmonary capillaries results in what?

Answer 5

Increased resistance to blood flow & results in pulmonary HTN

Question 6

What provides O2 to the conducting airways?

Answer 6

Bronchial circulation

Question 7

What is the purpose of surfactant?

Answer 7

Lowers surface tension of alveolar lining layer & increase stabilitiy of alveoli

Question 8

How are very small inhaled particles that make it to the alveoli filtered?

Answer 8

They are engulfed by macrophages

Question 9

What are the 3 methods for removal of inhaled particles?

Answer 9

Macrophages in alveoli, mucus in conductive zone , & nose

Question 10

What is the volume for anatomic dead space?

Answer 10

150mL

Question 11

What is tidal volume & the normal value?

Answer 11

The amount of air entering & leaving during normal breathing & 500mL

Question 12

What is total lung capacity?

Answer 12

Total amount of air that can fit into the lungs (impossible to breath all the way out)

Question 13

What is vital capacity?

Answer 13

Full breath in & expire completely = total amount of working space/air flow

Question 14

What is functional residual capacity?

Answer 14

Air left over after a normal expiration

Question 15

What cannot be measure with a spirometer?

Answer 15

Residual volume, functional residual volume, & total lung capacity

Question 16

What is the formula for the gas dilution technique?

Answer 16

Question 17

The gas dilution technique, measures what?

Answer 17

Ventilated lung volume

Question 18

What is the formula for the body plethysmograph?

Answer 18

(P1 & P2= mouth pressure before & after inspiratory effort), (V2= functional residual capacity).

Question 19

What measures the total volume of gas in the lung?

Answer 19

The body plethysmograph

Question 20

What is alveolar ventilation?

Answer 20

Amount of fresh gas entering respiratory zone.

(Ex: vT= 500mL – 150mL dead space x 12bpm= 4,200mL/min

Question 21

What is the equation for alveolar ventilation?

Answer 21

VA= (VCO2 / PCO2) x K.

(K= constant), (VCO2= CO2 output), (PCO2= arterial partial pressure)

Question 22

What physiologic dead space?

Answer 22

Areas that could have participated in gas exchange

Question 23

Describe the Fowler’s method & what does it measure?

Answer 23

Breath-in 100% O2 filling dead space with 100% O2. Nitrogen from alveoli will rise & be expired & plateau. The change of nitrogen concentration is plotted against expired volume.

It measures anatomic dead space.

Question 24

What is the Bohr equation & what does it measure?

Answer 24

It measures physiologic dead space.

VD / VT = (PACO2 – PECO2) / PACO2

Question 25

What is the Bohr equation & what does it measure?

Answer 25

It measures physiologic dead space.

VD / VT = (PACO2 – PECO2) / PACO2