West Book Chapter 1 - 3 Flashcards
Describe Fick’s law.
Movement of gas is proportional to area & inversely proportional to thickness
What make up the conducting zone?
Trachea, main stem, bronchia, terminal bronchioles
What makes up the acinnus?
Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, & alveolar sacs
What makes up the pulmonary blood vessels?
Pulmonary artery, capillaries, & pulmonary vein
Damage to pulmonary capillaries results in what?
Increased resistance to blood flow & results in pulmonary HTN
What provides O2 to the conducting airways?
Bronchial circulation
What is the purpose of surfactant?
Lowers surface tension of alveolar lining layer & increase stabilitiy of alveoli
How are very small inhaled particles that make it to the alveoli filtered?
They are engulfed by macrophages
What are the 3 methods for removal of inhaled particles?
Macrophages in alveoli, mucus in conductive zone , & nose
What is the volume for anatomic dead space?
150mL
What is tidal volume & the normal value?
The amount of air entering & leaving during normal breathing & 500mL
What is total lung capacity?
Total amount of air that can fit into the lungs (impossible to breath all the way out)
What is vital capacity?
Full breath in & expire completely = total amount of working space/air flow
What is functional residual capacity?
Air left over after a normal expiration
What cannot be measure with a spirometer?
Residual volume, functional residual volume, & total lung capacity
What is the formula for the gas dilution technique?
The gas dilution technique, measures what?
Ventilated lung volume
What is the formula for the body plethysmograph?
(P1 & P2= mouth pressure before & after inspiratory effort), (V2= functional residual capacity).
What measures the total volume of gas in the lung?
The body plethysmograph
What is alveolar ventilation?
Amount of fresh gas entering respiratory zone.
(Ex: vT= 500mL – 150mL dead space x 12bpm= 4,200mL/min
What is the equation for alveolar ventilation?
VA= (VCO2 / PCO2) x K.
(K= constant), (VCO2= CO2 output), (PCO2= arterial partial pressure)
What physiologic dead space?
Areas that could have participated in gas exchange
Describe the Fowler’s method & what does it measure?
Breath-in 100% O2 filling dead space with 100% O2. Nitrogen from alveoli will rise & be expired & plateau. The change of nitrogen concentration is plotted against expired volume.
It measures anatomic dead space.
What is the Bohr equation & what does it measure?
It measures physiologic dead space.
VD / VT = (PACO2 – PECO2) / PACO2
What is the Bohr equation & what does it measure?
It measures physiologic dead space.
VD / VT = (PACO2 – PECO2) / PACO2
