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West Flashcards

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0
Q

Why was the tipi a conical shape?

A

To resist strong winds

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1
Q

What are topics made out of?

A

10-20 buffalo skins, wooden pegs

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2
Q

What enabled the Sioux to move onto the Great Plains?

A

They owned horses, allowing them to travel long distances

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3
Q

What pushed the Sioux onto the Great Plains (2 answers)?

A
  • the new settlers brought diseases eg measles which they weren’t immune to
  • they faced the threat of attack from other Indian nations
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4
Q

What pulled the Sioux onto the Great Plains?

A

They were empty of other people and full of buffalo which was a good food source

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5
Q

How did hunting affect the numbers of buffalo?

A

There were 70-100 million, but in 1900s only 1000 due to hunting

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6
Q

Did the Sioux travel in nations?

A

No, they lived in bands

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7
Q

What jobs did women and men do?

A

Looked after tipis, prepared food, fetch good and water, make clothes

Hunted, protected family, counselled the village

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8
Q

How did marriage work for Sioux?

A

The man wanting to marry the woman must give her dad gifts eg. Buffalo hide, horses

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9
Q

Which spirit created the world according to Sioux?

A

Wakan tanka - he is the land

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10
Q

What did medicine men do?

A

Beat a drum to drive out evil spirit.

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11
Q

How did Sioux warriors earn fame?

A

Through warfare - capturing horses, counting coup

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12
Q

What is counting coup?

A

Getting close enough to an enemy to touch them, rather than kill them

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13
Q

What was the point one ware fare?

A

To protect hunting/living space and steal horses

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14
Q

Hat circles did the Sioux see in their lives (5 answers)?

A

Circles of the:

  • horizon
  • tipis
  • village
  • councils
  • shields
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15
Q

What were the rages of the circle of life in the Sioux nation?

A

The circle of:

  • birth
  • childhood
  • adulthood
  • old age
  • second childhood
  • death
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16
Q

What did Sioux believed happened after death?

A

They become part of the land

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17
Q

What is scalping?

A

Taking an enemy’s scalp and using it as a trophy to show their success

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18
Q

When was the gold rush?

A

1849

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19
Q

Why did people move to the gold mines in California,1849?

A

Poor people thought they’d benefit from the gold and become rich

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20
Q

What hardships did gold miners face?

A

Bad drinking water, illness, theft, no family, low pay, hangings

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21
Q

What is panning?

A

Swirling river dirt and water until gold is left

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22
Q

Who came up with Americas ‘manifest destiny’, 1845?

A

John O’Sullivan

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23
Q

What did the manifest destiny mean?

A

It meant that god wanted white settlers to dominate America

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24
Q

What did mountain men do?

A

Trapped beavers and sold their coats as there was a high demand for fur in clothes

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25
Q

Why did mountain men need to be tough?

A

The terrain was difficult, weather conditions were extreme and faced wild animals and hostile Indians

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26
Q

Why were there no mountain men in 1840?

A

Beaver hats went out if fashion, lack of beavers due to over hunting, and blamed for the outbreak of smallpox among Indians

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27
Q

Who was cannibal Phil?

A

Someone travelling to the mountains and ate his own wife

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28
Q

When was the economic depression which forced pioneers west?

A

1837 - wages cut by 40%

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29
Q

When was the pre emotion bill and what Was it?

A

1842 - a farmer could buy land cheaply, without being outbid

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30
Q

What year was Joseph smith visited by an angel?

A

1820

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31
Q

What year and where did Joseph smith dig up the religious books?

A

1827, Manchester, New York

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32
Q

Why was Joseph smith attacked by mobs?

A

They thought he was a fraud

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33
Q

Ho many members did the Mormon movement have by 1831?

A

1000

34
Q

Why did the Gentiles dislike Mormons?

A

Mormons outnumbered them and felt threatened

35
Q

Why did the government declare the Mormons had to be exterminated?

A

They were ‘public enemies’, rumours spread that they’d been freeing slaves, and were held responsible for everything

36
Q

What was polygamy?

A

The practice of having more than one wife

37
Q

Why was Joseph smith jailed?

A

He was disliked for practicing polygamy which appeared in the papers so he burnt them. He was accused for running a dictatorship.

38
Q

When did Joseph smith die?

A

27th June, 1844

39
Q

How did Joseph smith die?

A

Mobs of 200 non Mormons attacked the jail and shot him dead, then roamed the countryside to hunt other non Mormons

40
Q

Who led the Mormons after Joseph young’s death?

A

Brigham Young

41
Q

How many wives did Brigham young have?

A

27

42
Q

What traits did Brigham young have?

A

Intelligent, organised, determined, considerate, loving

43
Q

Why did Young move 16,000 Mormons west (3 answers)?

A
  • escape prosecution from non Mormons
  • isolation, water and soil in the west
  • in Mexico, escapes American government
44
Q

Why was Salt Lake City successfully built?

A
  • good organisation.

- young assigned jobs to suit everyone

45
Q

What were houses in Salt Lake City made from?

A

Sun dried brick e

46
Q

What was the 1862 Homestead Act?

A

An act to encourage settlers to move West by giving them 160 acres free if they farmed there for 5 years e

47
Q

What was the 1873 Timber Culture Act?

A

An act which gave settlers a further 160 acres of oand if they planted trees on 40acres of it

48
Q

What was the 1877 Desert Land Act?

A

An act which have settlers the right to buy 640 acres cheaply if lack of rain was a problem

49
Q

Who invented barbed wire and when?

A

Joseph Glidden, 1874

50
Q

What were sod houses?

A

Houses made of clay

51
Q

What was the problem with sod houses?

A

They were hard to stop water leaking through and hard to clean which caused pests to inhabit them

52
Q

What was the weathers impact on the Plains?

A
  • The dry grass caused prairie fires,destroying crops
  • too cold
  • droughts/little rainfall
  • 1871/4/5, grasshoppers destroyed 100acres of cornfields
53
Q

What did homesteaders use for fuel?

A

Buffalo chips (dung)

54
Q

Why was lack do water a problem?

A
  • failure of crops led to bankruptcy and starvation
  • ## difficult cleaning, prone to disease
55
Q

How did homesteaders find a solution to lack of water?

A
  • wells (but they were expensive and there was no guarantee of water)
  • windmills - pumped water underground
56
Q

What were the ethnic origins of cowboys (1866-1885)?

A
  • Mexican - 12%
  • black - 25%
  • white - 63%
57
Q

What was an open range ranch?

A

An un fenced ranch in Central America

58
Q

When was the end if open range ranches?

A

1880s

59
Q

Why did open range ranches end (4 reasons)?

A
  • pressure on grass stocks, drought in 1883
  • the winter of 1886-87, 1000s of cattle died
  • technology - barbed wire, wind pumps
  • rise of fenced ranches
60
Q

What 3 types of conflict was there between homesteaders and cattle ranchers?

A

1) verbal disputes - threats of damage to cattle
2) sabotage - cutting barbed wire
3) violence - shooting,lynching,Johnson country war

61
Q

When was the Johnson Country War?

A

1892

62
Q

What were the causes of the Johnson country war?

A

Beef prices falling, more homesteaders, disputes over land, cattle rustling

63
Q

What were Dime Novels?

A

Comics by Beedle and Adams in the 1860s, exaggerating real people and events

64
Q

What caused crime in the west (5 answers)?

A
  • geographical - area so large hard to enforce law
  • economic - people committed crimes for money
  • political - didn’t spend money in police
  • social - friction with ethnic groups
  • values - code of honorary to settle things individually
65
Q

What were the forces of law and order (6 answers)?

A
  • us marshals - oversaw a state of territory
  • town marshals - appointed by town yearly
  • sheriffs - ineffective due to large area
  • Texas rangers - small army of lawmen
  • judges - tried cases
  • Pinkerton detective agency - private company hired by banks to provide protection
66
Q

What is a vigilante?

A

Someone who took law into their own hands

67
Q

What was the problem with vigilantes?

A

They would punish them without a fair trial if they thought it was right

68
Q

What was the Mining Code?

A

Claims had to be recorded in the district recorder

69
Q

What was Billy the Kidds real name?

A

Henry McCarty

70
Q

Who killed Billy the Kidd?

A

Pat Garrett

71
Q

What was significant about the age he died (21)?

A

He killed one person for every year he lived

72
Q

What was the Bureau of Indian Affairs?

A

Managed relationships between government and Indians

73
Q

What were the reservations?

A

An area of fixed land reserved for Indians to live in, with it’s own laws and customs

74
Q

Who came up with the reservation idea and when?

A

President Andrew Jackson, 1830 (Indian Removak Act)3

75
Q

What were reservations designed to do (4 answers)?

A
  • separate Indians from contact with white settlers
  • enable them to peruse happiness independently
  • stop decay which lessens their numbers
  • stop savage habits
76
Q

What problems were there with reservations (5 answers)?

A
  • forced to farm which was against their hunting life (they were nomadic)
  • banned from religious ceremonies
  • poor farming land
  • government intervened (used to leadership)
  • Indians not immune to diseases white people brought
77
Q

When was the Battle of the Little Bighorn?

A

June 25th 1976

78
Q

Who led the battle of the Little Bighorn?

A

George custor - arrogant and controversial

79
Q

Who was mr Kellogg?

A

A journalist who travelled with custor to the Battle of the Little Bighorn

80
Q

How did reservations destroy Indian culture (5 answers)?

A
  • Economic - couldn’t steal horses, capture buffalo
  • religion - religious ceremonies banned
  • education - children taught how to be white at boarding schools so didn’t fit in with society
  • territory - Sioux split into smaller groups
  • political - heads of families became leaders, not chiefs.
81
Q

What was the point in reservations?

A

To damage tribal structure and weaken Indians self belief

82
Q

When was the wounded knee massacre?

A

29th December 1890

83
Q

Which was the last battle of American, Indian war?

A

The wounded knee massacre

History (2 decks)

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