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Medicine Through Time Flashcards

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0
Q

What does pre history mean?

A

Before writing

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1
Q

What are the RICOS WIG factors?

A 
Religion
Individuals 
Chance
Other
Science and technology

War
Improved communications
Government

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2
Q

What were prehistoric teeth like?

A

Were very healthy, only 9 out of 1500 decayed

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3
Q

What was prehistoric bones like?

A

Bad, joints swelled (oesteoarthritus)

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4
Q

Why did prehistoric women die younger?

A

Work, poor diet, pregnancy

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5
Q

How did prehistoric people treat injury?

A

Herbs, plants and trephining

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6
Q

What was trephining?

A

Cutting a hoke in the skull to release the evil spirits

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7
Q

What did they believe caused injury in the prehistoric times?

A

Spirits

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8
Q

Why was the mummification important?

A

It revealed the anatomy of the body

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9
Q

What is the anatomy?

A

How the inside of a body is structured

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10
Q

What did the Egyptians think caused disease?

A

Un digested food rotting in the bowels have off gases which seeped into the channels preventing blood and water flow

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11
Q

What was the Egyptians idea for the body’s structure?

A

Channels from the heart carried blood and air.

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12
Q

Where did the Egyptians get the idea of channels from?

A

Farming

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13
Q

How did the Egyptians treat death?

A

They were embalmed (organs taken out and body preserved)

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14
Q

What was an Asclepion?

A

A temple where a sick person slept and was cured by Asclepius visiting3 their dreams

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15
Q

Who was Asclepius?

A

God of medicine/healing

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16
Q

What was the Ancient Greek time period?

A

800-400BC

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17
Q

What were the names of Asclepius’ daughters?

A

Hygeia and panacea

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18
Q

What was Epidauras?

A

The place where the most famous Asclepion was built

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19
Q

Who came up with the idea of the four humours?

A

Hippocrates

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20
Q

What season and element was blood related to?

A

Spring and air

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21
Q

What season and element was yellow bile related to?

A

Summer and fire

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22
Q

What season and element was black bile related to?

A

Autumn and earth

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23
Q

What season and element was phlegm related to?

A

Winter and water

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24
Q

What did Hippocrates discover?

A

The theory of the four humours, if they became unbalanced they’d cause illness

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25
Q

What was the hippocratic corpus?

A

The book that contained doctor’s observations about peoples illnesses

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26
Q

If your blood was out of balance, what were the symptoms?

A

Heart disease, nose bleeds, diabetes, acne,skin disorders

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27
Q

If your yellow bile was out of balance, what were the symptoms?

A

Nausea, constipation, shaking, tics

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28
Q

If your yellow bile was out of balance, what were the symptoms?

A

Jaundice, migraines, swelling, nausea

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29
Q

If your phlegm was out of balance, what were the symptoms?

A

Coughs, colds, asthma, lung disease

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30
Q

How would you treat an imbalance of blood?

A

You’d be bled with leeches or cut open

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31
Q

How would you treat an imbalance of black bile?

A

You’d be given a purgative to make you go to the toilet

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32
Q

How would you treat an imbalance of yellow bile?

A

You’d be given something to make you sick

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33
Q

How would you treat an imbalance of phlegm?

A

You’d be given something to make you got and sticky

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34
Q

What was the Hippocratic oath?

A

An oath Mae by doctors to promise they’d keep their treatments high standards and for the patients benefit

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35
Q

What were the hippocratic collection?

A

The first detailed book about symptoms and cures

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36
Q

Why was looking for natural remedies important?

A

Encouraged people to be more sensible and not go straight to gods

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37
Q

Why was observing and recording illness important?

A

Helped diagnose patients and was written in Hippocrates books which were used for centuries

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38
Q

Why did Greeks rarely dissect (2 answers)?

A
  • they thought it was wrong

- they weren’t aware of how much they could learn

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39
Q

What was Alexandria?

A

A centre of medical knowledge

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40
Q

Why did travellers go to Alexandria to learn?

A

There was a medical library and university

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41
Q

How many books did the library in Alexandria have?

A

700,000

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42
Q

What was the Romans big idea?

A

Public health

43
Q

What was public health?

A

An action taken by the governed to help the hygrometer of people

44
Q

Why were public baths important in roman era?

A

Hey were open to anyone and rid people of fleas

45
Q

How were aqueducts useful in roman era?

A

They carried freshwater to major towns

46
Q

When was Galen born?

A

129ad in Greece

47
Q

Where did Galen get his medical knowledge from?

A

Gladiators school and visits to Alexandria

48
Q

What did Galen believe about the four humours?

A

Using opposites to balance humours

49
Q

What did Gaines dissection prove?

A

Arteries and veins carried blood

50
Q

How many books did Galen write?

A

60

51
Q

Who was Galen?

A

A Greek doctor who believed in dissection

52
Q

What was an opium?

A

A sedative which reduced pain

53
Q

What did Romans believe treated infection?

A

Amputation

54
Q

What is gangrene?

A

A spreading infection

55
Q

What were the 5 requirements to be a doctor?

A

1) youthful
2) strong, steady hand
3) sharp vision
4) ambidextrous
5) undaunted spirit

56
Q

Why do roman hospitals have wide corridor?

A

For easy access to wheel patients

57
Q

Why was each ward separate in a roman hospital?

A

To prevent disease spreading

58
Q

How many patients could a roman hospital hold?

A

240

59
Q

Who was dioscorides?

A

A roman army doctor who wrote a list of 600 herbal remedies

60
Q

When was the Middle Ages?

A

500-1400 AD

61
Q

What is miasmus?

A

Evil smells

62
Q

When was the Black Death?

A

1348

63
Q

What were the medieval London streets like?

A

Made of mud and animal dung

64
Q

Why was the Thames so filthy?

A

Butchers disposed carcasses in there, poo chucked in th

65
Q

What was the issue with traders in the medieval era?

A

They brought rats which had fleas

66
Q

What was the population of medieval London?

A

100,000 people

67
Q

What were toilets like in medieval london?

A

Chamber pots which people tipped out of their window

68
Q

What were the two types of plague in medieval London?

A
  • the bubonic plague

- the pneumonic plague

69
Q

What was the bubonic plague cashed by?

A

Rats carrying infected disease which bit humans

70
Q

How long did the bubonic plague take to kill you?

A

1-2 weeks

71
Q

What were some symptoms of the bubonic plague?

A

Blackened limbs, boils, bubos

72
Q

What was a bubo?

A

A pus filled boil which killed you when it exploded

73
Q

What was the pneumonic plague caused by?

A

People coughing on others

74
Q

How long did the pneumonic plague take to kill you?

A

1-2 days

75
Q

What were the symptoms of the pneumonic plague?

A

Coughing up blood

76
Q

How likely were you to die from the pneumonic plague?

A

100% death rate

77
Q

What percentage of englands population died from the plague?

A

40%n

78
Q

What common sense factors caused the plague?

A

Dead bodies, toilets, bad water

79
Q

Why did people think the plague was caused by the Jews?

A

They thought they wanted to wipe out Christians

80
Q

Why did people think poison in the air caused the plague?

A

Earthquakes created poisonous fumes

81
Q

How did god cause the plague?

A

He allowed it to torment them for their sins

82
Q

How did the planets affect the plague?

A

People thought when they can together it was a sign of evil things

83
Q

How did people become surgeons?

A

By being apprenticed by another surgeon

84
Q

When was the collapse of the Roman Empire?

A

500 AD

85
Q

When did the Christian churches begin setting up hospitals?

A

1100s

86
Q

What % of Christian hospitals provided medical care for the sick?

A

10%

87
Q

What did most Christian hospitals provide?

A

Hospitality for visitors , elderly EDC

88
Q

What do monks do in Christian hospitals?

A

Pray and help you keep warm and well fed

89
Q

Why were there no doctors in Christian hospitals?

A

They only cared for the rich

90
Q

Who was roger bacon?

A

A man arrested for suggesting the doctors should come up with their own ideas instead of using ancient ones

91
Q

Why did Christian churches hinder medical progress?

A

They tried to bring the idea back of spirits and gods, and only monks and priests could read

92
Q

Who was Andreas Vesalius?

A

A dwarf who stole dead bodies to dissect

93
Q

Who many of galens ideas did Vesalius correct?

A

Over 200

94
Q

Why was Vesalius unpopular?

A

He challenged galens ideas and they thought he was a madman

95
Q

What does Renaissance mean?

A

French word for ‘rebirth’

96
Q

Who wrote ‘the fabric of the human body’ and when?

A

Andreas Vesalius 1543

97
Q

Why were Vesalius’ ideas limited?

A

He couldn’t provide an alternative explanation for galens ideas

98
Q

What did Ambrose paré discover?

A

To use bandages on wounds and tie wounds up with ligature

99
Q

What is a ligature?

A

Tying up sounds with silk thread

100
Q

What was cautery and what did paré replace it with?

A

Pressing a red hot iron against skin. Ligatures

101
Q

Before bandages, what did doctors use on wounded soldiers?

A

Pouring boiling oil on the wound

102
Q

When did Ambrose pare live?

A

1510-1590

103
Q

When was William Harvey born?

A

1578-1657

104
Q

What did William Harvey prove?

A

Blood is pumped from the heart through veins

105
Q

What limited the impact of William Harvey’s work?

A

He couldn’t see the capillaries with the naked eye, but he knew they were there

History (2 decks)

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