Medicine Through Time Flashcards
(106 cards)
0
Q
What does pre history mean?
A
Before writing
1
Q
What are the RICOS WIG factors?
A
Religion Individuals Chance Other Science and technology
War
Improved communications
Government
2
Q
What were prehistoric teeth like?
A
Were very healthy, only 9 out of 1500 decayed
3
Q
What was prehistoric bones like?
A
Bad, joints swelled (oesteoarthritus)
4
Q
Why did prehistoric women die younger?
A
Work, poor diet, pregnancy
5
Q
How did prehistoric people treat injury?
A
Herbs, plants and trephining
6
Q
What was trephining?
A
Cutting a hoke in the skull to release the evil spirits
7
Q
What did they believe caused injury in the prehistoric times?
A
Spirits
8
Q
Why was the mummification important?
A
It revealed the anatomy of the body
9
Q
What is the anatomy?
A
How the inside of a body is structured
10
Q
What did the Egyptians think caused disease?
A
Un digested food rotting in the bowels have off gases which seeped into the channels preventing blood and water flow
11
Q
What was the Egyptians idea for the body’s structure?
A
Channels from the heart carried blood and air.
12
Q
Where did the Egyptians get the idea of channels from?
A
Farming
13
Q
How did the Egyptians treat death?
A
They were embalmed (organs taken out and body preserved)
14
Q
What was an Asclepion?
A
A temple where a sick person slept and was cured by Asclepius visiting3 their dreams
15
Q
Who was Asclepius?
A
God of medicine/healing
16
Q
What was the Ancient Greek time period?
A
800-400BC
17
Q
What were the names of Asclepius’ daughters?
A
Hygeia and panacea
18
Q
What was Epidauras?
A
The place where the most famous Asclepion was built
19
Q
Who came up with the idea of the four humours?
A
Hippocrates
20
Q
What season and element was blood related to?
A
Spring and air
21
Q
What season and element was yellow bile related to?
A
Summer and fire
22
Q
What season and element was black bile related to?
A
Autumn and earth
23
Q
What season and element was phlegm related to?
A
Winter and water
24
What did Hippocrates discover?
The theory of the four humours, if they became unbalanced they'd cause illness
25
What was the hippocratic corpus?
The book that contained doctor's observations about peoples illnesses
26
If your blood was out of balance, what were the symptoms?
Heart disease, nose bleeds, diabetes, acne,skin disorders
27
If your yellow bile was out of balance, what were the symptoms?
Nausea, constipation, shaking, tics
28
If your yellow bile was out of balance, what were the symptoms?
Jaundice, migraines, swelling, nausea
29
If your phlegm was out of balance, what were the symptoms?
Coughs, colds, asthma, lung disease
30
How would you treat an imbalance of blood?
You'd be bled with leeches or cut open
31
How would you treat an imbalance of black bile?
You'd be given a purgative to make you go to the toilet
32
How would you treat an imbalance of yellow bile?
You'd be given something to make you sick
33
How would you treat an imbalance of phlegm?
You'd be given something to make you got and sticky
34
What was the Hippocratic oath?
An oath Mae by doctors to promise they'd keep their treatments high standards and for the patients benefit
35
What were the hippocratic collection?
The first detailed book about symptoms and cures
36
Why was looking for natural remedies important?
Encouraged people to be more sensible and not go straight to gods
37
Why was observing and recording illness important?
Helped diagnose patients and was written in Hippocrates books which were used for centuries
38
Why did Greeks rarely dissect (2 answers)?
- they thought it was wrong
| - they weren't aware of how much they could learn
39
What was Alexandria?
A centre of medical knowledge
40
Why did travellers go to Alexandria to learn?
There was a medical library and university
41
How many books did the library in Alexandria have?
700,000
42
What was the Romans big idea?
Public health
43
What was public health?
An action taken by the governed to help the hygrometer of people
44
Why were public baths important in roman era?
Hey were open to anyone and rid people of fleas
45
How were aqueducts useful in roman era?
They carried freshwater to major towns
46
When was Galen born?
129ad in Greece
47
Where did Galen get his medical knowledge from?
Gladiators school and visits to Alexandria
48
What did Galen believe about the four humours?
Using opposites to balance humours
49
What did Gaines dissection prove?
Arteries and veins carried blood
50
How many books did Galen write?
60
51
Who was Galen?
A Greek doctor who believed in dissection
52
What was an opium?
A sedative which reduced pain
53
What did Romans believe treated infection?
Amputation
54
What is gangrene?
A spreading infection
55
What were the 5 requirements to be a doctor?
1) youthful
2) strong, steady hand
3) sharp vision
4) ambidextrous
5) undaunted spirit
56
Why do roman hospitals have wide corridor?
For easy access to wheel patients
57
Why was each ward separate in a roman hospital?
To prevent disease spreading
58
How many patients could a roman hospital hold?
240
59
Who was dioscorides?
A roman army doctor who wrote a list of 600 herbal remedies
60
When was the Middle Ages?
500-1400 AD
61
What is miasmus?
Evil smells
62
When was the Black Death?
1348
63
What were the medieval London streets like?
Made of mud and animal dung
64
Why was the Thames so filthy?
Butchers disposed carcasses in there, poo chucked in th
65
What was the issue with traders in the medieval era?
They brought rats which had fleas
66
What was the population of medieval London?
100,000 people
67
What were toilets like in medieval london?
Chamber pots which people tipped out of their window
68
What were the two types of plague in medieval London?
- the bubonic plague
| - the pneumonic plague
69
What was the bubonic plague cashed by?
Rats carrying infected disease which bit humans
70
How long did the bubonic plague take to kill you?
1-2 weeks
71
What were some symptoms of the bubonic plague?
Blackened limbs, boils, bubos
72
What was a bubo?
A pus filled boil which killed you when it exploded
73
What was the pneumonic plague caused by?
People coughing on others
74
How long did the pneumonic plague take to kill you?
1-2 days
75
What were the symptoms of the pneumonic plague?
Coughing up blood
76
How likely were you to die from the pneumonic plague?
100% death rate
77
What percentage of englands population died from the plague?
40%n
78
What common sense factors caused the plague?
Dead bodies, toilets, bad water
79
Why did people think the plague was caused by the Jews?
They thought they wanted to wipe out Christians
80
Why did people think poison in the air caused the plague?
Earthquakes created poisonous fumes
81
How did god cause the plague?
He allowed it to torment them for their sins
82
How did the planets affect the plague?
People thought when they can together it was a sign of evil things
83
How did people become surgeons?
By being apprenticed by another surgeon
84
When was the collapse of the Roman Empire?
500 AD
85
When did the Christian churches begin setting up hospitals?
1100s
86
What % of Christian hospitals provided medical care for the sick?
10%
87
What did most Christian hospitals provide?
Hospitality for visitors , elderly EDC
88
What do monks do in Christian hospitals?
Pray and help you keep warm and well fed
89
Why were there no doctors in Christian hospitals?
They only cared for the rich
90
Who was roger bacon?
A man arrested for suggesting the doctors should come up with their own ideas instead of using ancient ones
91
Why did Christian churches hinder medical progress?
They tried to bring the idea back of spirits and gods, and only monks and priests could read
92
Who was Andreas Vesalius?
A dwarf who stole dead bodies to dissect
93
Who many of galens ideas did Vesalius correct?
Over 200
94
Why was Vesalius unpopular?
He challenged galens ideas and they thought he was a madman
95
What does Renaissance mean?
French word for 'rebirth'
96
Who wrote 'the fabric of the human body' and when?
Andreas Vesalius 1543
97
Why were Vesalius' ideas limited?
He couldn't provide an alternative explanation for galens ideas
98
What did Ambrose paré discover?
To use bandages on wounds and tie wounds up with ligature
99
What is a ligature?
Tying up sounds with silk thread
100
What was cautery and what did paré replace it with?
Pressing a red hot iron against skin. Ligatures
101
Before bandages, what did doctors use on wounded soldiers?
Pouring boiling oil on the wound
102
When did Ambrose pare live?
1510-1590
103
When was William Harvey born?
1578-1657
104
What did William Harvey prove?
Blood is pumped from the heart through veins
105
What limited the impact of William Harvey's work?
He couldn't see the capillaries with the naked eye, but he knew they were there
