Welsh industry & economy

Question 1

What is slate used for?

Answer 1

roofing, fencing, writing slates, gravestones, billard tables, blackboards

Question 2

Biggest owner of Slate Quarries in the 19/20thc (NORTH)

Answer 2

Penhryn
The Pennant family

Question 3

Biggest owner of Slate Quarries in the 19/20thc (SOUTH)

Answer 3

Dinorwic
The Asheton-Smith family

Question 4

What is “caban”?

Answer 4

Hut where quarrymen met during lunch hour,
during which they would do competitions (song, poetry, knowledge)
+discussions of trade union affairs

Question 6

identify quarrymen (lang, culture, religion, politics)

Answer 6

QUARRYMEN:
Welsh, nonconformists, Liberal Party

Question 7

identify Quarry owners

Answer 7

QUARRY OWNERS
English, Anglicans, Tory Party

Question 8

Quarry dispute of 1874

Answer 8

no single cause, fight for rights, wages

Question 9

The Dinorwic dispute of 1885-6

Answer 9

caused by deteroriating conditions, falling wages, caused lockout of quarrymen

Question 10

Dispute of Penrhyn 1896-7

Answer 10

Caused by downturn of trade, wages, the quarrymen lost

Question 11

Causes of the Penrhyn lockout (1900-1903)

Answer 11

attempts to limit their independence, system of contracting, 14 men dispute +suspension

Question 12

Outcomes of the 1900-1903 Penrhyn Lockout

Answer 12

Slate industry never recovers
Important for the community

Question 13

“Queen of our literature”

Answer 13

Kate Roberts

Question 14

Author of “Un Nos Ola Leuad”

Answer 14

Caradog Pritchard

Question 15

When did the slate bussines fall?

Answer 15

-1WW, the production ceased
-after 2WW became unimportant

Question 16

Where in Wales is coal

Answer 16

AT THE VERY SOUTH, a lil in the north (east border)

Question 17

Tonypandy riots

Answer 17

1910-1911

Question 18

Explain the sliding scale
(coal-mining)

Answer 18

system of payment based on the amount of coal mined, the price on the market

Question 19

Causes of the Tonypandy (1910-11) riots

Answer 19

-wages
-new coal seam at Ely was harder to work than expected

Question 20

outcomes of the Tonypandy riots (1910-11)

Answer 20

-strengthening the miners’ unions
-support for nationalisation of the mines

Question 21

explain black-legs and black-legging

Answer 21

employing non-union labour

Question 22

The depression in the coal industry

Answer 22

1920-30s

Question 23

Post WW2 social changes

Answer 23

secularisation, weakening of the pacifist tradition

Question 24

Post WW2 political changes

Answer 24

nationalisation of railways, coal & steel, importance of light industries

Question 25

Aberfan disaster (DATE)

Answer 25

1966

Question 26

the miners’ strike

Answer 26

1984-1985
many support groups
illegal strike

Question 27

consequences of the miners’ strike of 1984-1985

Answer 27

closure of pits, unemployment, poverty, economic decline