Wellness Assessment/Screening Flashcards
How does the ANA define health now?
a dynamic state of being in which the developmental and behavioral potential of an individual is realized to the fullest extent possible
How was health defined as by the ANA previously?
1980-striving toward optimal functioning 2004-an experience that is often expressed in terms of wellness and illness, and may occur in the presence or absence of disease or injury
Individuals have their own definitions of health such as:
Freedom from symptoms of disease and pain Ability to be active and to complete tasks Feeling in good spirits.
Factors that Affect Individual definitions of health:
Previous experiences Expectations of self Age Sociocultural influences.
Wellness is a state of well-being with several basic aspects such as:
Self-responsibility Having an ultimate goal Dynamic, growing process Daily decision making about health habits.
Well-being is defined as:
a subjective perception of vitality and feeling well that can be described subjectively, experienced, and measured… well-being status can be plotted as a continuum
The seven components of wellness are:
Environmental - Ability to promote health measures to improve one’s standard of living and quality of life Occupational - Ability to achieve a balance between work and leisure time Intellectual - Ability to learn and use information effectively Spiritual - Belief in some force that provides meaning and purpose to life Physical - Ability to carry out daily tasks and generally practice positive lifestyle habits Emotional - Ability to manage stress and express appropriate emotions Social - Ability to interact successfully with other individuals and within one’s environment
Describe the Illness-Wellness Continuum
An illness-wellness continuum describes the entire range of feeling healthy, from optimal health at one end and across a neutral space, before moving toward decreasing wellness to incorporate higher and higher levels of disability in the other direction. At the far end is premature death.
What influences the individual’s placement on the continuum?
- How individuals see themselves in terms of health and illness 2. How other people see the individual in terms of health and illness.
Vocabulary of illness and disease
- Acute illness - Severe symptoms of relatively short duration. Sometimes requires health care interventions. Can be either serious or trivial.
- Chronic illness - Slow onset. Lasts for an extended time, usually 6 months or more. Can last for the duration of the individual’s life.
- Remission - Symptoms of chronic illness or disease disappear.
- Exacerbation - Symptoms of chronic illness or disease reappear.
- Illness behavior - Coping mechanism involving ways in which individuals perceive their symptoms and take action
Illness
a state in which an individual’s functioning is decreased in many domains, including: Physical Emotional Intellectual Social Developmental Spiritual
Disease
an alteration in body function that reduces the individual’s capabilities or shortens the normal life span. Premature death would be the worst ultimate outcome of disease
factors that determine the effects of illness on a client and the client’s family are
Nature, severity, and duration of the illness Attitudes toward the illness Financial costs Required lifestyle changes Role readjustments.
changes that might be experienced when a client has an illness
Behavioral and emotional changes - Generally mild and short-lived. However, severe, life-threatening, chronic, or disabling illness might produce overwhelmingly negative responses. Body image changes - Client’s physical appearance might be dramatically altered by severe scarring, burns, or loss of a limb or a sense organ. Self-concept changes - Self-esteem might be damaged due to loss of body parts and function; pain; disfigurement; dependence on others; unemployment or financial problems; inability to participate in social functions; strained relationships; and spiritual distress. Lifestyle changes - Client’s illness might require changes in diet; activity and exercise; or in rest and sleep patterns. Loss of autonomy (state of being independent) - Clients may be at risk of loss of control, such as making their own health care decisions; participating in various family and personal decisions; and a general loss of self-determination.
Healthy People 2020 has four goals targeted to be achieved by the year 2020:5 Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death. Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups. Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all. Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages.
Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death. Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups. Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all. Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages.
Health Promotion v Health Protection/Disease Prevention
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Health Promotion: The Nurse’s Role
work with individuals as facilitators, not for them in clinical support. Advocate Consultant Teacher Coordinator of services.
types of Health Promotion Programs
Information dissemination Most basic type. Not individualized, but offers information to the general public about the known risk of lifestyle choices. Includes specific benefits of changing behavior. The nurse needs to consider participants’ culture, age group, and literacy level. Health-risk appraisal and wellness assessment Teaches individuals about the risk factors inherent in their specific lifestyle choices. This approach is meant to motivate a designated intended audience. Lifestyle and behavior change Requires the individual’s participation. The focus is on enhancing the quality of life and extending the lifespan. Environmental control program Responds to the continuing increase of pollutants in our environment. Looks at the effects of ways of handling air, food, and water on the health of the entire community.
Variables Influencing Health: Biological Dimension
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Variables Influencing Health: Psychological Dimension
The psychological dimension includes the emotional factors that influence health. It includes both mind-body interactions and self-concept.
Variables Influencing Health: Cognitive Dimension
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Nursing Process: Assessment of Health
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Nursing Process-Diagnosis
Potential for enhanced wellness (for example, through a change in a health habit, like quitting smoking)
Potential for enhanced knowledge (for example, learning about more nutritious food choices).
Nursing Process-Planning
includes formulating client goals and outcomes as well as selecting evidence-based nursing interventions that support the client’s achievement of the identified goals and outcomes
