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Unit 5 > Well Peds > Flashcards

Well Peds Flashcards

1
Q

What is graphesthesia?

A

Ability to recognized symbols/letters written on skin

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2
Q

What is stereognostic function?

A

Ability to recognize an object by touch

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3
Q

What is gold standard of temperature check in infants?

A

Rectally

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4
Q

What is considered fever in children?

A

> 100.4

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5
Q

Apical pulse is recommended for kids less than…

A

2 yo

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6
Q

Radial pulse is appropriate for kids over…

A

2 yo

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7
Q

What effect does a BP cuff that is too large have on reading?

A

Reading too low

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8
Q

What effect does a BP cuff too small have on reading?

A

Reading too high

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9
Q

What does erythematous, swollen mucous membranes indicate?

A

Bacterial or viral infection

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10
Q

What does pale, boggy mucosa indicate?

A

Allergies

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11
Q

When is a temporal temperature appropriate?

A

Kids older than 3 months

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12
Q

What is normal temp range for infant (less than 1 year old)?

A

97.7—–99.3

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13
Q

Normal temp range for a child over 1 year to 18 yo?

A

97.5——98.6

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14
Q

Normal pulse range for infant (less than 1 year)?

A

80——150

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15
Q

Normal pulse range for 1-3 yo?

A

70——-110

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16
Q

Normal pulse range for 3-6 yo?

A

65———110

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17
Q

Normal pulse range for 6-12 yo?

A

60——-95

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18
Q

Normal pulse range for 12+ yo children?

A

55—–85

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19
Q

Normal respiratory rate for infant less than 1 year old?

A

22——-55

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20
Q

Normal respiratory rate for 1-3 yo?

A

20———30

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21
Q

Normal respiratory rate for 3-6 yo?

A

20——–25

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22
Q

Normal respiratory rate for 6-12 yo?

A

14——–22

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23
Q

Normal respiratory rate for 12+ yo?

A

12——–18

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24
Q

Normal BP for infant (less than 1 yo)?

A

65—–100 Systolic
45——-65 Diastolic

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25
Q

Normal BP for 1-3 yo?

A

90——105 Systolic
55——–70 Diastolic

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26
Q

Normal BP for 3-6 yo?

A

95——110 Systolic
60——-75 Diastolic

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27
Q

Normal BP range for 6-12 yo?

A

100———120 Systolic
60————75 Diastolic

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28
Q

Normal BP range for 12+ yo?

A

110———135 Systolic
65———-85 Diastolic

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29
Q

How do you choose the right size BP cuff for kids?

A

Bladder of cuff should wrap around 80-100% of circumference of arm.

30
Q

What is acanthosis nigricans?

A

Darker, thicker skin on back of neck, armpits, behind knees and elbows

—-Suspect Diabetes mellitus type 2—

31
Q

At what age is the posterior fontanelle typically closed?

A

2-3 months

32
Q

At what age is the anterior fontanelle typically closed?

A

12-24 months

33
Q

What is hypertelorism?
Hypotelorism?

A

Eyes too far apart
Eyes too close together

34
Q

What is hypoplastic philtrum?

A

Shallow or nonexistent cupids bow
—Sign of fetal alcohol syndrome–

35
Q

How do you test cranial nerve 12 (hypoglossal) on kid?

A

How well can they move their tongue?
“Stick out tongue or act like licking a sucker”

36
Q

How do you test cranial nerve 1 (olfactory)?

A

Close eyes—Identify the smell…

37
Q

How do you test cranial nerves 3, 4, 6? (oculomotor, trochlear, abducent)
–Test these 3 together–

A

6 cardinal fields of gaze
–How well do they move their eyes?–

38
Q

How do you test cranial nerve 5 (trigeminal)?

A

Sensation of face and also chewing strength.
Close eyes
Tickle face with soft something-very light touch.
Can they feel it?
Bite down on tongue depressor-how is their grip?

39
Q

How do you test cranial nerve 7 (facial)?

A

This tests muscles of face.
Have them imitate you making different faces–eyebrows up and down, frown, smile, puff cheeks, wrinkle forehead, etc.

40
Q

How do you test cranial nerves 9 and 10? (glossopharyngeal and vagus)
–These are tested together–

A

Gag reflex, swallowing, speaking
Use tongue depressor to gently stimulate gag reflex.
Evaluate swallowing and speaking passively during exam.

41
Q

How do you test cranial nerve 11? (spinal accessory)

A

Controls muscles of neck
Shrug shouldesr against resistance of my hands

42
Q

Why is eye muscle function testing on kids <5 yo important?

A

Common for kids to have weak eye muscles.
Easily correctable if caught early.
If not corrected, can lead to long term vision changes.

43
Q

What does an Ishihara chart test for?

A

Color vision deficits
—Color vision deficit much more common in boys than girls–
—Genetic trait–

44
Q

How do you straighten ear canal for exam in child younger than 3?

A

Pull pinna down and back.

45
Q

How do you straighten ear canal for exam in child older than 3?

A

Pull pinna up and back.

46
Q

What are Rinne and Weber hearing tests?

A

Use a vibrating tuning fork to determine conduction of sound waves.
Rinne (fork is placed on mastoid)
Weber (fork is place on top of head)

47
Q

When is barrel chest a normal finding in children?

A

Less than 6 years old.

48
Q

What is pectus excavatum?

A

Funnel chest
Depression under sternum
—Not a problem, unless it becomes so deep it puts pressure on heart or lungs–

49
Q

What is pectus carinatum?

A

Pigeon chest
–Deformity that makes sternum stick out–
Not a problem, just weird

50
Q

What is tactile fremitus?

A

When place your hands on chest (either anterior or posterior) and have them speak, cough, etc, feel vibration.
–Normal finding–

51
Q

What position is best one for listening to breath sounds?

A

Sitting upright

52
Q

In what 3 positions is heart assessed?

A

Supine
Left lateral recumbent
Sitting while leaning forward slightly

53
Q

Where is apical pulse usually found in child younger than 7?

A

4th intercostal
Lateral to midclavicular line

54
Q

Where is apical pulse usually found in child older than 7?

A

5th intercostal
mid clavicular line

55
Q

When listening to heart what sequence should we follow?

A
  1. ID rate and rhythm
  2. ID S1 and S2.
  3. Find spot where S1 and S2 are best heard.
  4. Listen for extra heart sounds.
  5. ID murmurs.
56
Q

What should we have child do while we are listening for heart sounds and why?

A

Hold their breath
This distracts them and keeps their breathing from speeding or slowing HR.

57
Q

What is coarctation of the aorta?

A

Birth defect
Narrowing of aorta
Will be discovered when differences between pulse strength of upper and lower extremities are felt.
Example: Take femoral pulse at same time as radial pulse–is there a difference in strength or rate?

58
Q

What is genu varus deformity?

A

Bow legged

59
Q

What is genu valgus deformity?

A

Knock kneed

60
Q

What is normal age baby will start rolling over?

A

3-6 month

61
Q

What is normal age baby will sit alone?

A

by 7 month

62
Q

What are cerebellar function tests?

A

Test balance, coordination, proprioception (sense of movement and location)

63
Q

When are the primitive reflexes of NB diminished?

A

3-4 months

64
Q

What are neurologic soft signs?

A

Inability to perform expected tasks for age. Subtle clues something is wrong.
Examples:
Short attention span
Poor motor coordination
Clumsiness
Frequent falling
Language disturbances

65
Q

How are neurologic evaluations done on very young children?

A

Developmental milestones

66
Q

When do children no longer need a car seat or booster?

A

Book says: Until they reach 4 foot 9 inches tall.
?PP says until they are 8 years old?

67
Q

When can a child ride in the front seat?

A

13 years old

68
Q

When can a child ride in forward facing car seat?

A

2 years old AND met the height and weight requirements of that particular seat.

69
Q

What age is normal for separation anxiety?

A

6-30 months

70
Q

Five stages of grief.

A

Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance
–DABDA–

71
Q

What are three stages of separation anxiety?

A

Protest (crying)
Despair (quiet down)
Detachment (starts to play and become interested in environment)

72
Q
A

Unit 5 (7 decks)

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