Immunity/Immunizations Flashcards
What is difference between active and passive immunity?
Active: Long term, YOUR IMMUNE SYSTEM CREATES THE ANTIBODY after having been exposed to the antigen (either through shot or having the illness)
Passive: Short term, YOU ARE GIVEN AN ANTIBODY either through placenta or a shot
What are some immunizations kids get at birth?
Hep B
What are the recommended immunizations kids get by 2 yo?
Hep B
Hep A
HIB
Rotovirus (oral)
DTAP
Flu (yearly starting at 6 months)
PCV (Strep pneumonia)
What are the vaccines recommended around age 11-12?
MCV (meningococcoal vax)
HPV
TDAP (given every 10 years throughout life)
Flu (yearly)
How does a live (called attenuated) vaccine work?
Given a weakened pathogen to allow body to make the antibody. This doesn’t give you the full blown version of the illness just the “light” version. The upside is lifetime immunity.
–Don’t give these to immunocompromised people–
MMR and varicella are examples
How does an inactivated vaccine work?
Given the “dead” version of the pathogen. Allows body to produce antibodies. Don’t cause the disease. Limited protection so need several doses.
Polio and pertussis are examples.
How do toxoid vaccines work?
Take toxin produced from that pathogen and inactivate it (called a toxoid). The toxoid is given in vax and you produce antibodies to it. This means that if you encounter that pathogen in future your body will have the antibodies to fight the toxins it produces. This is helpful when bacteria like tetanus and diphtheria do all their damage through the toxin released by the bacteria.
How do immune globulin vaccines work?
Use purified plasma pooled from many people to give you their antibodies. Only gives temporary passive immunity.
HBIG (hep B) and RIG (rabies) are examples.
All immunizations have the risk of anaphylaxis. This means we need to ask…
Allergies? (There is connection between egg allergies and some MMR vax, although this is not considered a contraindication, since it is so rare)
Reactions in past?
Family history of reactions?
What are some common side effects of vax administration?
Fever»Tylenol
local irritation»cold compresses
Rash (with DTap up to 1-2 weeks after)
What are signs of generalized inflammation in kids?
Tenderness of spleen, liver, lymph nodes
What is an exanthem?
Widespread rash
—Think viral infection and isolate–
What vaccines do kids get at 12-15 months?
Hep A
HIB
Pneumococcal
Polio
DTap
MMR
Varicella
What vaccines do kids get at 2 months and again at 6 months?
Hep B
HIB
Pneumococcal
Polio
DTap
Rotavirus
What vaccines do kids get at 4 months?
HIB
Pneumococcal
Polio
DTap
Rotovirus
