Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PHA 581 > Well Child Exam > Flashcards

Well Child Exam Flashcards

1
Q

AAP recommended well visit schedule

A 
birth
1mo
2mo
4mo
6mo
9mo
12mo
15mo
18mo
2yr
annually
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the Apgar score?

When is it done?

A

assessment of newborn immediately after birth

scored 1 and 5 min after birth

continue at 5min intervals until score > 7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Newborn Screen:

  • what is it
  • when is it done
A

testing for metabolic and genetic diseases

blood sample collected from heel stick

  • before discharge
  • again at 7-14d
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Newborn Exam: general

A

cry (strong, weak, abnormal)

respiratory effort (nasal flaring, accessory muscle use, RR)

posture/tone (abnormal: low, floppy)

color (cyanosis, peripheral cyanosis, jaundice)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Newborn Exam: skin: vernix caseosa

A

cheesy white covering
rich lipid matrix
dec as term approaches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Newborn Exam: skin: milia

  • what are they
  • etiology
  • common location
  • course
A

pinpoint white papules w/out erythema

caused by blocked sebaceous glands

nose, chin, forehead, cheeks

appear: 1st few weeks
disappear: several weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Newborn Exam: skin: mongolian spot

  • aka
  • what is it
  • common locations
  • course
  • common populations
A

congenital dermal melanocytosis

blue patches of pigment

lumbar area, buttocks, extremities

fade w/ time

asian, native american, hispanic, east indian, african

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Newborn Exam: skin: erythema toxicum

  • what is it
  • common location
  • course
A

yellow eosinophilic papules on red base

trunk

appear: 2-4th day of life
disappear: w/in a week of birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Newborn Exam: head:

widely split sutures can be a sign of…

A

elevated ICP (meningitis, hydrocephalus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Newborn Exam: head:

a raised bony ridge at a suture line can be a sign of…

A

craniosynostosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Newborn Exam: head: bulging fontanelles may indicate…

A

inc ICP (bleed, meningitis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Newborn Exam: head: sunken fontanelles may indicate…

A

dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Newborn Exam: head:

a large fontanelles may indicate…

A

hypothyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Newborn Exam: head: when do the fontanelles close?

A

anterior: 9-18mo
posterior: 1-2mo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Newborn Exam: head: cephalohematoma:

  • what is it
  • course
A

swelling/collection of blood over one/both parietal bones

does NOT cross suture lines

resolves in wks-mos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Newborn Exam: head: caput succedaneum:

  • what is it
  • course
A

edema of the scalp

CAN cross suture lines

resolves in days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Newborn Exam: face

A

facial symmetry (facial palsies)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hypetelorism: definition

A

abnormally wide eye spacing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Newborn Exam: nose

A

<1mo: nose breathers

ensure no obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Newborn Exam: eyes

A 
eye spacing 
subconjunctival hemorrhages (common from birth trauma)
red reflex (present, symmetric)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Newborn Exam: ears

  • how to get the best view
  • common findings
A

under 2/3: pull auricle downward

common: preauricular pits, tags

always screen for hearing loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Newborn Exam: mouth: Epstein’s Pearls, Bohn Nodules

A

epstein’s pearls: sm white benign inclusion cysts, palate

bohn nodules: yellow white cysts, gingival ridge

**seen bt 2-4mo, resolve spontaneously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Newborn Exam: mouth: ankyloglossia

  • what is it
  • complications
  • treatment
A

congenital short lingual frenulum

can lead to: 
limited tongue movement
pain w/ nursing
speech difficulty
dental problems

frenotomy/frenulotomy in neonatal period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Newborn Exam: neck: congenital torticollis

  • etiology
  • presentation
  • course
A

bleeding in the SCM muscle during stretching of birth

firm, fibrous mass within muscle w/in 2-3wks after birth

disappears: months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Newborn Exam: chest | -findings
``` clavicle fracture pectus excavatum (sternal depression) pectus carinatum (pigeon chest deformity) ```
26
Newborn Exam: lungs: | diminished breath sounds in one side of the chest suggest...
unilateral lesions (congenital diaphragmatic hernia)
27
Newborn Exam: cardiovascular: | diminished femoral pulses may indicate...
coarctation of the aorta
28
Newborn Exam: cardiovascular: common non cardiac findings in patients with cardiac disease
poor feeding, FTT, irritability tachypnea, hepatomegaly, clubbing poor overall appearance, weakness
29
Newborn Exam: cardiovascular: normal auscultation finding
normal sinus dysrhythmia (inc insp - dec exp)
30
Newborn Exam: cardiovascular: MC dysthymia in infants
paroxysmal supra ventricular tachycardia
31
Newborn Exam: abdomen: umbilical granuloma | -what is it
pink granulation tissue formed during the healing process
32
Newborn Exam: male GU: hypospadias -what is it
abnormal ventral placement **check before circumcision
33
Newborn Exam: male GU: epispadias | -what is it
abnormal dorsal placement
34
Newborn Exam: male GU: - what are 2 common scrotal masses in newborns? - which side are the MC on?
hydroceles and inguinal hernias MC on R side
35
Newborn Exam: male GU: hydrocele
not reducible transilluminate resolve by 18mo
36
Newborn Exam: male GU: hernia
reducible do NOT transilluminate don't resolve
37
Newborn Exam: female GU: findings
milky white discharge labial adhesions imperforate hymen
38
Newborn Exam: anus/spine: findings
imperforate anus (cannot assume until baby passes meconium) sacral dimple (US if you cannot see base)
39
Newborn Exam: extremities
syndactyly | palmar crease
40
Newborn Exam: extremities: a single palmar crease (simian crease) is associated with...
trisomy 21 **may be normal variant
41
Newborn Exam: hip: | risk factors for DDH
breech, caucasian, 1st born female FH, prior child born w/ DDH prematurity
42
Newborn Exam: hip: DDH physical exam
Barlow (down): sublux/dislocate intact unstable hip Ortolani (out): posteriorly dislocated hip evaluate leg creases (asymmetry)
43
Newborn Exam: hip: DDH treatment
ortho eval | pavlik harness
44
Primitive Reflexes
``` palmar grasp (birth-3/4mo) plantar grasp (birth-6/8mo) moro (startle) reflex (birth-4mo) asymmetric tonic neck reflex (birth-2mo) positive support reflex (birth-2/6mo) rooting reflex (birth-3/4mo) trunk incurvation (galant's reflex) (birth-2mo) placing & stepping reflexes (birth-variable age) ```
45
Moro reflex beyond 4mo suggests...
neurologic disease (CP esp beyond 6mo)
46
Asymmetric moro reflex indicates...
fracture of clavicle | brachial plexus injury
47
Asymmetric tonic neck reflex beyond 2mo suggests...
asymmetric CNS development
48
Lack of positive support reflex indicates...
hypotonia | flaccidity
49
Absence of trunk incurvation reflex suggests...
transverse spinal cord lesion/injury
50
Vision: age appropriate visual acuity
3-5: 20/40 | 6+: 20/30
51
Vision: components of exam
red reflex visual acuity cover/uncover, gocheck vision (toddler, preschool)
52
Vision: what is the most common cause of childhood blindness
amblyopia
53
Hearing: AAP recommends universal hearing screen...
before leaving the hospital
54
Blood Pressure: - at what age do you start checking? - risk factors for earlier checks
3yr kidney disease, prematurity congenital heart disease, rec UTI, hematuria, proteinuria other conditions associated w/ HTN
55
When do you begin screening for iron deficiency anemia?
9 or 12mo well exam hemoglobin
56
What is the CDC recommendation for lead screening?
universal screening for children ages 1-2 targeted screening for high risk communities (homes built before 1950)
57
When do you screen for autism?
18mo and 24mo
58
Which population is indicated for STI testing?
high risk adolescents
59
Indications for fasting lipid screening
ages 2-10 w/ risk factors: | FH of HLD, HF of early CV disease, obesity, overweight, HTN, DM
60
When should the first dental visit be scheduled?
bt 12mo -2/3yrs then every 6mo
61
Car Safety
rear facing seat until 2yrs booster seat until 4'9" no front seat until 13yo
62
1 month milestones
fixes/follows on face some head control responds to sounds/noises spontaneous smile
63
2 month milestones
responsive smile coos/vocalizes lifts head when prone follows to midline
64
4 month milestones
``` rolls from tummy to back good head control laughs, squeals follows past midline grasps toys/objects ```
65
6 month milestones
``` sits w/ support bears weight on legs vocalizes "ba da da" reaches out for toys follows 180 deg stranger danger, separation anxiety ```
66
9 month milestones
``` crawls pulls up to stand, cruises furniture says mama/dada immature pincer grasp responds to name ```
67
12 month milestones
``` walks (can be delayed up to 18mo) waves bye bye says mama/dad points w/ index finger self feeds w/ fingers ```
68
15 month milestones
3-6 words walk well climb stairs imitates actions
69
18 month milestones
``` 5-15 words some 2 word phrases uses spoon/fork scribbles follows simple commands runs, walks backward ```
70
24 month milestones
``` 20-50+ words 2 word phrases kicks ball builds 3-4 block tower 50% understandable speech ```
71
Hep B Vaccine: - schedule - contraindication
birth, 1-2mo, 6-18mo sev yeast allergy
72
Rotavirus: - vaccine type - schedule - contraindications
live oral vacccine 2, 4, 6mo hx of intussusception SCID acute mod-sev gastro
73
DTaP (Diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis): - schedule - contraindications
2mo, 4mo, 6mo, 15/18mo, 4yr encephalopathy related to prev dose progressive neurological disorders high fever, inconsolable crying, shock like state w/in 48hr of prev dose
74
HIB (Haemophilus influenzae type B) : - schedule - contraindications
2mo, 4mo, 6mo, 12/15mo <6wks of age prev allergic rxn
75
PCV 13 (Pneumococcal): - schedule - contraindications
2mo, 4mo, 6mo, 12/15mo sev prev allergic rxn mod-sev acute illness
76
IPV (Poliomyelitis): - schedule - vaccine type - contraindications
2mo, 4mo, 6-18mo, 4yr no longer a live vaccine prev allergic rxn mod-sev acute illness pregnancy
77
MMR (Measles, Mumps, & Rubella): - schedule - vaccine type - contraindications - ADEs
12-15mo, 4yr live vaccine pregnant, intending to become pregnant in 28d IM egg or neomycin allergy fever (6-12d following vaccine) transient morbilliform rash GBS
78
Varicella: - schedule - vaccine type - contraindications - ADEs
12-15mo, 4yr live vaccine prev allergic reaction pregnant sparse varicelliform rash (5-26d after vaccine)
79
Hepatitis A: - schedule - contraindications
12mo, 18mo (must be 6mo from 1st dose) prev allergic rxn pregnancy/illness
80
HPV: - schedule - contraindications
<15: 2 doses 6mo apart >15: 3 doses prev allergic rxn pregnancy

PHA 581 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions