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Pediatrics I, exam 1 > well child development > Flashcards

well child development Flashcards

1
Q

when does AAP recommend exams for developmental screening

A
  • 9 mo
  • 18 mo
  • 24 mo
    *
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2
Q

prematurity may affect behavior and neurodevelopment until what age (normally)

A

2 yo

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3
Q

AAP recommendation for autism specific screening

A
  • 18 mo
  • 24/30 mo
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4
Q

red flags concerning for autism

A
  • 12 months: no babbling; pointing, or gestures
  • 16 months: no single words
  • 24 months: no 2 word phases
  • any age: loss of language or social skills
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5
Q

name 4 developmental domains

A
  • cognitive
  • language
  • physical
  • social
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6
Q

when is touch, taste, and smell mature?

A

at birth; sweet taste preferred

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7
Q

a newborn can see a object up to what distance

A

8-12 in

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8
Q

when does color vision develop

A

4-6 mo

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9
Q

when can a infant track objects 180 degrees

A

2-4 months

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10
Q

newborn behavior is based on what 6 states of consciousness

A
  1. active crying
  2. active sleep
  3. drowsy waking
  4. fussing
  5. quiet alert
  6. quieet sleep

* healthy babies with normal nervous system move smoothly from one state to another

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11
Q

how often do breast fed infants need to be fed compared to formula fed

A
  • breast-fed: every 2 hours
  • formula fed: every 2-4 hours

* neither should go more than 5 hrs without feeding

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12
Q

well hydrated infants will have how many wet diapers per day

A

6-8

** infants DO NOT get free water

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13
Q

when do sleep-wake cycles begin to stabilize

A

3 months old

* by 4 months, most will have one 5 hr period of uninterrupted sleep per day

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14
Q

when does colic normally start? when does it resolve

A
  • 3 weeks
  • 12 weeks
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15
Q

how is colic diagnosed

A

rules of 3

  • at least 3 hours of crying a day
  • at least 3 days of the week
  • lasting for at least 3 weeks
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16
Q

treatment for colic

A
  • cope as calmly and rationally as possible
  • try “gas” medication : gripe water
  • colic hold
  • soothing noises
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17
Q

physical developmental milestones at 2 months

A
  1. lift and turn head (momentarily) when lying on back
  2. tracks past midline
  3. begins to push up in prone position
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18
Q

language milestone: 2 months

A

turns head toward sounds

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19
Q

cognitive developmental milestone: 2 months

A
  • alert to voices
  • begins to follows objects with eyes
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20
Q

social developmental milestone: 2 months

A

begins to smile responsively

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21
Q

big anticipatory guidelines for parents of children 2 mo

A
  • diapers: 5-8 wet/day; 3-4 stools/day
  • sleep on back
  • stragulation: no cords; purse straps
  • smoking risk
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22
Q

physical developmental milestone: 4 months

A
  • holds head steady
  • lifts up on hands/elbows
  • pushes down with legs
  • hands to mouth
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23
Q

language developmental milestone: 4 months

A
  • laughs and squeals
  • babbles
  • copies sounds
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24
Q

cognitive developmental milestone : 4 months

A

follows moving objects side to side

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25
Q

social developmental milestone: 4 months

A
  • smiles spontaneously at people
  • smiles at mirror
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26
Q

anticipatory guide for parents of child age 4 months

A
  • back to sleep
  • feed when hungry
  • no extra fluids
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27
Q

physical developmental milestone: 6 months

A
  • sit supported
  • rolls front to bak and back to front
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28
Q

language development milestones: 6 months

A
  • makes vowel sounds
  • begins consonant sounds
  • shows joy and pleasure
  • responds to sounds by making sounds
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29
Q

cognitive developmental milestone: 6 months

A

brings objects to mouth

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30
Q

social developmental milestone: 6 months

A

responds to other’s emotions

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31
Q

anticipatory guidelines for parents of child age 6 months

A
  • no bottle propping
  • introduction food: rice cereal
  • teeting
  • baby can sleep on stomach: put baby to sleep awake but drowsy
  • watch out for small objects
32
Q

physical developmental milestone: 9 months

A
  • sits without support
  • pull to stand
  • stand holding on
33
Q

language developmental milestone: 9 months

A

mama; baba; dada

34
Q

cognitive developmental milestone: 9 months

A

peek-a-boo (object permanence)

35
Q

social developmental milestone: 9 months

A

recognize famililar people

36
Q

anticipatory guidance for parents of child age 9 months

A
  • table foods: variety textures
  • 3 meals; 2-3 snacks
  • encourage cup
  • brushing teeth
37
Q

Physical developmental milestone: 12 months

A

takes steps (holding onto furniture)

38
Q

language developmental milestone: 12 months

A
  • Mama AND Dada + 2 other words
  • simple gestures
39
Q

cognitive developmental milestone: 12 months

A
  • copies gestures
  • can point with index finger
  • can find “hidden” objects
40
Q

social developmental milestone: 12 months

A
  • seperation anxiety
  • waves bye-bye (by 10 months)
  • shows fear
41
Q

anticipatory guidance for parents of child age 12 months

A
  • discuss timeout vs corporal punishment
  • praise good behavior
  • introduction of whole cow’s mild
  • 1 nap a day
42
Q

how should discipline be addressed for 12 month old

A
  • positive reinforcement of desired behavior
  • punishment/removal of reinforcement or reduce or eliminate undesired behaviors
  • effective strategies: distraction; redirection; timeout
43
Q

AAP recommendations for carseat

A

rear facing until 2 years old

44
Q

common toddler behaviors

A
  • discipline challenges
  • acting out: breath-holding; crying; tantrums
45
Q

physical developmental milestone : 15 months

A
  • stands alone well
  • walks well
  • walks backward
  • stoops
46
Q

language developmental milestone: 15 months

A
  • use 3-6 words
  • indicates wants
47
Q

social developmental milestone: 15 months

A

indicates some needs by pointing

48
Q

cognitive developmental milestone: 15 months

A
  • knows what ordinary things are (brush, spoon, phone)
  • copies others
49
Q

anticipatory guidelines for parents of child 15 months

A
  • wean from bottle
  • plan first dental visit
  • brush 2x/day
  • watch what is in arms reach
50
Q

physical developmental milestone: 18 months

A
  • gross: walks alone; kicks ball
  • fine: scribbles; uses cup well; eats with spoon
51
Q

language developmental milestone: 18 months

A
  • combines 2 words
  • names some pictures/body parts

**if speaks less than 6 words: RED flag

52
Q

social developmental milestone: 18 months

A

simple pretend play

53
Q

cognitive developmental milestone: 18 months

A

knows function of ordinary items (phone, brush, spoon)

54
Q

anticipatory guidance for parents of child 18 months

A
  • limit punishment to high yeild; consistent in discipline
  • prep for toilet training : can they indicate bowel movement? are they dry for periods of 2 hours?
55
Q

potty training guideline/ normals

A
  • introduce potty chair around 18 months
  • 2-4 yrs: daytime control achieved
  • nighttime control by 6 years

** positive reinforcement

56
Q

physical developmental milestone: 24 months

A

walks steadily

57
Q

language developmental milestone: 24 months

A
  • 2 word sentences
  • repeats overheard words
58
Q

social developmental milestone: 24 months

A

copies others; excited about other children

59
Q

cognitive developmental milestone: 24 months

A

completes familiar sentences and rhymes

60
Q

anticipatory guidelines for parents with child 24 months

A
  • teach personal hygiene (wash hands)
  • limit TV < 2 hrs per day
  • consider low fat milk
  • toilet training
  • carseat in the back
61
Q

when should first dentist appointment be made

A

by 24 months

62
Q

physical developmental milestone: 36 months

A

climbs stairs one foot at a time (2 feet each step)

63
Q

language developmental milestone: 36 months

A
  • 100-200 word vocab: understandable 50% of time
  • speaking in sentences
64
Q

social developmental milestone: 36 months

A
  • pretend play and simple games
  • empathy
  • makes eye contact
65
Q

cognitive developmental milestone: 36 months

A

plays make-believe

66
Q

anticipatory guidance for parents of child 36 months

A
  • read, sing, play rhyme games
  • be aware of furniture placement
  • don’t lie or trick child
67
Q

gross physical development developmental milestone: 3-6 years

A
  • more skilled at running, jumping, early throwing
  • hops on one foot
  • skips
  • catching bouncing ball
  • steering bike
68
Q

fine motor developmental milestone: 3 yo

A
  • draw circle
  • draw 3 part person
  • self dressing
69
Q

fine motor developmental milestone: 4 yo

A
  • draw square
  • use scissors to cut in straight line
  • put on clothes properly
70
Q

fine motor developmental milestone: 5 yo

A
  • speading with a knife
  • draw triangle
71
Q

language developmental milestone 3 yo

A

3 word sentences

72
Q

language developmental milestone 4 yo

A
  • count to 4
  • name 4 colors
  • pas/pretense
  • asks “why” questions
73
Q

language developmental milestone 5 yo

A
  • counts to 10
  • responds to “why” questions
74
Q

what woud you say to a parent who co toddler stuttering

A
  • may occur in normal language in toddlers
  • occurs due to ideas coming faster than a child is able to express
  • concern: lasts longer than 6 months; occurs with tics, grimacing, or extreme self-consciousness
75
Q

language developmental milestone 6-12 yo

A
  • simple but complete 5-7 word sentenses
  • 3 series commands in a row
  • 5 step commands by age 10
76
Q

cognitive developmental milestone 6-12

A
  • should be able to focus on a task for at least 15 minutes; 1 hr by age 9 yo
77
Q

AAP recommendation for car seat/booster seat

A
  • forward facing seat until exceeds limits
  • booster seat until 4’9 and between 8-12 yo

Pediatrics I, exam 1 (4 decks)

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