Well-Child Care Flashcards
weight gain by 6 months? 1 year?
x2 birth weight at 6 months, x3 at 1 year
when does the anterior fontanel close?
12-18 months
when does the posterior fontanel close?
2-3 months
when is color vision achieved?
6 months
teeth
first at 6 months, new one monthly
normal infant temp
36.5-37.5
normal infant BP
80/40 - 99/64
normal infant HR
110-160 newborn, 100-120 infant
normal infant RR
30-60 newborn, 20-30 infant
rooting reflex
gone after 4 months
moro reflex
gone after 4 months
palmar grasp reflex
gone after 4 months
babinski reflex
gone after 1 year
when does the pincer grasp develop
around 9 months
trust vs mistrust
infants, infant signals need, parent responds
infant language
3-5 words
infant psychosexual phase
oral
head control is achieved at…
0-3 months
rolling is achieved at…
4-6 months, belly to back first
sitting without support is achieved at…
8 months
crawling/creeping is achieved at…
9 months
walking is achieved at
10-12 months
when should solid food be started?
6 months
foods to avoid with infants
honey, whole milk, 100% fruit juice
when is Hep B given
birth, 2 months, 6 months
weight/height gain in toddlers
5 pounds/inches per year
child can drop small objects into bottle at…
15 months
child can throw ball without falling
18 months
child can open doors, walk up steps
24 months
child can copy/draw a circle
30 months
autonomy vs shame & doubt
toddlers, give choices, set limits
parallel play
toddlers
observation
infants
toddler psychosexual phase
anal
when can potty training begin? why?
age 2 - sphincter control develops
which vaxes cannot be given until 12 months, why
MMR and varicella (VAR), they’re live
clinical manifestations of lead poisoning
anemia, bone/teeth density loss, neuro issues, from ADHD to lethargy
nursing interventions for lead poisoning
fluids, monitor I&Os
preschool height/weight gain
5 pounds/year, 3 inches/year
initiative vs guilt
preschool, accomplishment, practice, people pleasing
associative play
preschoolers
language considerations with preschoolers
take words literally, always asking WHY
preschool psychosexual phase
phallic
preschool cognitive development
fears begin, no understanding of time, imminent justice
when is full vision achieved
6 years
when do children begin to lose teeth
6 years
industry vs inferiority
school age, achieving personal mastery/competence, competitive
cooperative play
school age
school age psychosexual phase
latent
concrete operations
grade school - learning is their job
what age do children begin to collect things?
school age
invincible thinking
adolescence
order of puberty in women
breasts, height spurt, hair growth, menses
order of puberty in men
testes grow/drop, hair growth, height spurt
identity vs role confusion
adolescents
adolescent psychosexual stage
genital
adolescent cognitive stage
formal operations - abstract thinking, future oriented
rubella
rash, joint pain, fever, viral
rubella considerations
stay away from pregnant women, viral - treat s/s
measles
highly contagious & dangerous, viral, Koplik spots
measles considerations
airborne precautions
varicella
virus, itchy rash
varicella considerations
skin care, avoid itching, must crust over before going back to school
polio
viral, can cause paralysis/resp distress
polio considerations
droplet precautions, viral
mumps
swollen salivary glands, often causing dehydration
mumps considerations
give IV fluids, easy to swallow foods, can cause deafness
impetigo
bacterial, itchy rash around mouth, honey colored crust
impetigo abx
topical abx (oral if severe), contact precautions
diphtheria
bacterial, swollen painful throat, often causing dehydration
diphtheria considerations
Bull’s neck, fluids, abx, antipyretic
pertussis
severe URI, coughs so forceful pt may vomit and be dehydrated
pertussis considerations
droplet precautions, abx (erythromycin), fluids
order of infant assessment
auscultate, palpate, examine, reflexes, temp & bp LAST
how to assess a toddler
USE PLAY, let them mimic you, traumatic stuff last
how to take a temp on an infant
axillary, rectal only when needed for treatment decisions
how to take a temp on a toddler/preschooler
axillary, tympanic, temporal, rectal
when can a temporal temp be taken
6 months
fever medications
acetaminophen, no aspirin, ibuprofen only after 6 months
when should an infant make eye contact
4 months
nursing interventions for pediatric fever
remove blankets/clothing, cold washcloth, NO ICE
when to use arms for BP
around preschool
where should IM injections be administered
vastus lateralis in thigh
where should turgor be assessed
on abdomen
how many mLs in 1 tsp
5
how many mL in 1 oz
30
how many mL in 1 tbsp
15