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AVM > Welfare/QoL/euthanasia > Flashcards

Welfare/QoL/euthanasia Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 DVM Competencies

A
  1. evaluate welfare (environmental, behavioural and physical)
  2. recognize when animals are treated inappropriately
  3. demonstrate/communicate sensitivity
  4. consider legal and ethical responsibilities
  5. counsel and advise wrt welfare
  6. report concerns
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2
Q

describe the series of events ending with the Farm Animal Welfare Council

A

Animal Machines book -> Brambell Report -> FAWC

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3
Q

when did the Brambell Report get published

A

1965

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4
Q

what is animal rights

A

social movement; ethical perspective on how we “should” treat animals

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5
Q

what is animal welfare (3 main points)

A

state of the animal wrt:
- health and biological function
- natural living
- feelings

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6
Q

the focus of society wrt animal welfare is

A

natural living

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7
Q

the focus of vets wrt animal welfare is

A

health and function

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8
Q

the focus of welfare scientists wrt animal welfare is

A

feelings

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9
Q

how do vets focus on promoting health and welfare (2)

A

minimize negative states and find opportunities for positive states

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10
Q

what are the 3 modalities of animal welfare

A

what is, what must be, what ought to be

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11
Q

define “what is”

A

refers to science and best practices; vets should use evidence-based assessments of welfare

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12
Q

define “what must be”

A

laws and minimum standards

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13
Q

define “what ought to be”

A

ethics and collective understanding of acceptable animal use

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14
Q

T/F There are professional bodies that develop policy for welfare with public commentaries and standards of veterinary practice

A

T

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14
Q

what is an important consideration wrt what “ought to be”

A

the general public may have different and inconsistent views of welfare and ethical behaviour towards animals - it can differ from ours

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14
Q

T/F the term welfare has negative political connotations for some people

A

T

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15
Q

when referring to animal welfare/wellbeing/rights, which is the best term to use

A

well-being

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16
Q

what are the 5 freedoms

A

freedom from hunger and thirst
freedom from pain, injury and disease
freedom from discomfort
freedom from fear and distress
freedom to express normal behaviour

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17
Q

T/F the 5 freedoms are relatively simple to achieve 100% of the time

A

F

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18
Q

what is the best way to interpret the 5 freedoms

A

animals should be FREE AS POSSIBLE from

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19
Q

what is a drawback of the 5 freedoms

A

preaches avoiding negative states but makes no commentary on achieving positive states

20
Q

what 5 factors should be considered when prioritizing welfare issues

A
  1. frequency
  2. duration
  3. intensity
  4. timeline - is it already impacting animals or putting welfare at risk
  5. likelihood of caregiver taking action
21
Q

T/F there is municipal, provincial and federal legislation to ensure good animal welfare

A

T

22
Q

what is SAARC

A

Suspected animal abuse reporting committee; put in place from OVC; used to raise legal welfare concerns to PAWS

23
Q

how is the NFACC used in some provinces

A

to inspire legislation for generally accepted practices and to inform welfare audits

24
Q

legislation falls under (what is/must be/ought to be)

A

must be

25
Q

what are the 3 prongs of federal welfare legislation

A
  1. criminal code
  2. CFIA Health of Animals Act - mainly about transport of animals
  3. CFIA Meat Inspection Act - undue suffering at abattoirs
26
Q

what is the provincial animal welfare legislation called (4)

A

PAWS; Food Safety and Quality Act; Livestock Community Sales Act; Animals for Research Act

27
Q

what makes vets legally obligated to report suspected cases of cruelty (based on reasonably informed judgement)

A

PAWS

28
Q

PAWS is enforced by

A

provincial inspectors (with some police/vets/humane societies/livestock holders)

29
Q

what are the major offenses under the PAWS act

A

failure to comply with the standards of care

30
Q

what are the exceptions for the PAWS Standard of Care

A

if the “violation” is consistent with the agricultural code of practice (i.e. is it reasonably and generally accepted practices); veterinarians providing veterinary care

31
Q

what is the municipial animal welfare legislation

A

by-laws; usually revolves around wandering animals, barking, etc.

32
Q

what 3 areas do scientists look at to determine “what is” welfare

A
  1. behaviour of the animal
  2. physiological measures
  3. health and physical conditions
33
Q

what 2 types of studies can be used to gauge what animals want

A

motivation studies; preference studies

34
Q

T/F the standard of QoL in animals mirror that in humans

A

F; there is no clear definitive standard for animals

35
Q

animal QoL mainly focuses around

A

the balance of pleasant and unpleasant feelings for the individual animal

36
Q

what are some challenges with evaluating animal QoL

A

we can’t know what animals think about their own lives; what is the duration of impact of negative/unpleasant feelings; are positive enough to balance out negatives

37
Q

T/F bad experiences usually weigh more than positive

A

T

38
Q

what are 6 factors to consider when evaluating animal welfare

A

health, companionship, food consumption, mental stimulation, stress, perceived control

39
Q

what are formal vs informal assessments of animal welfare

A

formal: scales and evaluations
informal: discussions with O

40
Q

QoL scale evolution should look at (3)

A

practicality, reliability, validity

41
Q

what is 5H2M

A

hurt, hunger, hydration, hygiene, happiness, mobility, more good days than bad; cumulative score should be > 35

42
Q

on farms, QoL assessments typically revolve around _____ , with individual assessment on ________ (2)

A

averages to meet standards of care; culling and euthanasia

43
Q

humane euthanasia should proceed in what order of events

A

loss of consciousness -> loss of brain function -> cardiac/respiratory arrest

44
Q

what are 4 considerations for euthanasia

A

worker safety; animal welfare (quick to become unconscious, irreversible); practicality (easy to learn; repeatable); emotional effects on operator/observer

45
Q

what are 3 ways to render an animal unconscious/stop brain function

A
  1. gasses that replace O2 supply in the brain
  2. inhalant/injectible anesthetic overdose (chemically depress neurons)
  3. concussion (destroy or electrically depolarize neurons)
46
Q

what is clonic vs tonic phase of euthanasia

A

clonic: uncoordinated kicking/flopping/paddling
tonic: rigid extension of limbs

47
Q

what MUST vets consider is a patient is at end of life

A

euthanasia; measures to alleviate discomfort

48
Q

Match the animal group to the organization:
- CCAC
- CFACC
- CVMA

  • food animal
  • research animal
  • companion animal
A

CCAC - research animal
CFACC - food animal
CVMA - companion animal

AVM (3 decks)

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