Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Welfare > Welfare Issues facing Farm Animals > Flashcards

Welfare Issues facing Farm Animals Flashcards

1
Q

When were battery cages banned in the EU?

A

2012

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where in the world are battery cages still massively used?

A

‘Murica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Do we use cages at all in the UK?

A

Yes enriched cages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why were cages introduced in the first place?

A

To intensively produce eggs with little labour after the war

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the advantages to caged hens?

A

There is less risk to hens when they are in a cage- there are less parasites, disease, less feather pecking and cannibalism. There is a lower mortality in caged hens than in free range

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the major concern for battery hens? (4)

A
  1. Limitations to their freedom to express natural behaviour
  2. cage structure damages their feet and feathers
  3. Cannot escape aggressive behaviour from neighbours
  4. Lack of exercise causes reduced bone strength
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where are veal crates illegal?

A

EU and UK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why are veal crates so narrow?

A

Movement makes meat tougher so we want to keep them as still as possible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the dietary issues associated with veal crates?

A

Calves are red on a milk only diet which does not support the development of a normal digestive system and also causes anaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a better alternative to veal?

A

Rose Veal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is rose veal?

A

Calves are raised in a straw bedded pen with others and fed a high fibre diet where they are sometimes allowed outside to suckle from mother

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are production disease?

A

diseases likely to have occurred as a direct consequence of the management system used, or the genetic selection imposed on the animal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name the three main types of production disease

A
  1. Metabolic disease
  2. Lameness
  3. Parturition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why are production diseases tolerated?

A

Because they do not significantly reduce profitability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define metabolic disease

A

increased metabolism, rapid growth rate or high production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is metabolic disease caused by?

A

The failure of body systems due to increased workload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

List three examples of metabolic disease

A
  1. Increased egg production results in calcium deficiency
  2. hypertrophy of the heart and ascites due to increased growth rate of broilers and oxygen demand
  3. Increased risk of mastitis due to overproduction of milk
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Define lameness

A

impaired movement or deviation from normal gait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is lameness typically associated with in cattle?

A

foot lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is lameness typically associated with in sheep?

A

bacterial infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is lameness typically associated with in broilers?

A

conformational changes as a result of genetic selection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Give an example of partition problems associated with production

A

Belgian blue calves must be born by caesarean section because they have been bred to be too large or their mother’s pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is a mutilation?

A

a procedure which involves interference with the sensitive tissues or bone structure of an animal otherwise than for the purposes of its medical treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

List three main problems associated with mutilations

A

handling stress, acute pain and chronic pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Why are male pigs castrated in America?

A

To reduce the risk of boar taint in pig meat and expression of undesirable behaviors such as riding and aggression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Why is tooth clipping/tooth grinding carried out in the UK?

A

to reduce the damage to the sow’s udder and littermates’ faces during competition for teats between suckling piglets.

27
Q

What re the problems with tooth clipping/tooth grinding?

A

chronic consequences of opening the pulp cavity including fracture, bleeding, infiltration and abscess formation

28
Q

Name another two mutilations carried out on pigs and briefly explain why they are carried out

A

Tail docking to reduce tail biting behaviours

Ear notching for identiication

29
Q

What is the severity of mutilation welfare consequences heavily associated with?

A

the skill of the operator and the effectiveness of the equipment.

30
Q

Why is beak trimming carried out in the egg industry

A

prevent or control feather pecking and cannibalism

31
Q

How has beak trimming changed in recent years

A

It is not done with an infra red laser rather than a hot blade

32
Q

List some of the welfare concerns associated with beak trimming

A
  1. loss of normal beak function

2. Short term pain and debilitation (neuroma)

33
Q

Explain how infra red beak trimming is a better alternative to hot blade (5)

A
  1. no evidence of a treatment effect on nociceptive thresholds at any age.
  2. Radiographs produced no evidence of adverse or pathological change when IR was used
  3. Post IR healing included reepithelialisation, bone remodelling and repopulation of sensory receptors
  4. no evidence of neuromas
  5. No evidence of chronic pain
34
Q

What does the British veterinary association say about the distance between farm and abattoir?

A

animals should be slaughtered as close to their farms of origin as possible

35
Q

List 8 welfare issues associated with transport

A
  1. Handling
  2. Mixing/social disruption
  3. Food and water withdrawal
  4. Acceleration, motion, vibration- pigs get motion sickness
  5. Fatigue- animals cannot sit down
  6. Noise- can cause a lot of stress
  7. Novelty/confinement- animals are neophobic (they fear new things)
  8. Thermal challenges- thermal microclimate can affect welfare.
36
Q

List 6 economic losses that can happen as a result of transport

A
  1. Weight loss
  2. Injury
  3. Mortality
  4. Decreased carcass/meat quality
  5. Stress
  6. Spread of disease
37
Q

What are the two biggest animal stressors during transport?

A

Loading and Temperature

38
Q

How is the stress of loading alleviated?

A

Changing ramp angles

39
Q

How is the stress of temperature alleviated?

A

Ventilation

40
Q

State some of the welfare issues associated with slaughter that occur before the animal is killed

A

Unloading
Lairage
Pre-slaughter handling

41
Q

What are the two requirements of humane slaughter?

A
  1. Duration of unconsciousness induced by the stun should be longer that the time taken to perform the neck cut and allow brain death to occur from blood loss
  2. Stunning methods are only acceptable when they result in minimal signs of agitation and distress before loss of consciousness
42
Q

Name the three different stunning methods

A
  1. Mechanical
  2. Electrical
  3. gas
43
Q

Which animal is usually killed using mechanical stunning?

A

Cattle

44
Q

What is used in mechanical stunning?

A

Captive bolt for non recovery or something to induce concussion in percussive stunning

45
Q

What is the min problem with electrical stunning?

A

Animals regain consciousness very quickly

46
Q

Which animal is primarily electrically stunned?

A

Sheep

47
Q

Which animals are commonly gas stunned?

A

Poultry and piggies

48
Q

Is gas a type of recovery stunning?

A

No

49
Q

List the five signs of an effective stun

A
  1. No rhythmic breathing
  2. A fixed glazed expression
  3. No corneal reflex
  4. A relaxed jaw
  5. The tongue hanging out
50
Q

Where are animals typically ‘stuck’ to remove the brain’s blood supply?

A

Neck or thorax

51
Q

What are the welfare issues associated with poultry slaughter? (2)

A

Shackling is highly painful

Water bath stunning can result in inadequate stunning or pre-stun shocks

52
Q

What is anoxia

A

a no oxygen environment made up of argon or nitrogen

53
Q

What is Hypercapnic hypoxia?

A

high CO2, no oxygen

54
Q

What is 2 phase gassing?

A

high CO2, high O2 followed by high CO2 in air). Anaesthetic phase (40%CO2, 30%O2, 30% N2) followed by 80% CO2 in air (euthanasia phase)

55
Q

What are the 5 stipulations of halal slaughter?

A
  1. Animal alive at time of slaughter
  2. Animal healthy, suffered no injury
  3. Blood drained
  4. Blood must not be consumed either in exsanguinated form or in the meat
  5. Whole carcass used
56
Q

Is halal meat stunned?

A

Yes halal is stunned but it must be recovery stunning

57
Q

What are the 5 stipulations of Shechita (Jewish) slaughter?

A
  1. The animal must be alive, healthy and suffered no injury at time of slaughter (so absolutely no stunning)
  2. Must be carried out by a trained slaughterman who uses a specific “blessed” knife is used
  3. The hindquarters must be rejected and therefore are sold into normal meat production.
58
Q

What issues do farm animals face now that they didn’t face 50-100 years ago?

A
  1. Greater production pressure
  2. More barren and confined production systems
  3. Production related diseases and injuries
  4. Increased trading and live transport of animals
59
Q

Name the two strategies for change

A
  1. Animal welfare strategy

2. Vegan strategy

60
Q

What does the animal welfare strategy aim to do?

A

Gradually reform the system to improve animal welfare (via legislation, increased consumer awareness etc)

61
Q

What does the vegan strategy aim to do?

A

Aim for revolutionary change and abolition of animal production by boycotting products (even short term improvements in welfare will only lead to the preservation of a system that cannot be morally defended)

62
Q

Name the three reasons somebody might be a vegan

A
  1. Ethical belief
  2. Environmental considerations
  3. Animals rights
63
Q

What is the key legislation relating to farm animals? (4)

A
  1. Animal Welfare Act 2006
  2. The Welfare of Farmed Animals Order 2009
  3. The Welfare in Transport Regulation EC 1/2005
  4. The Welfare of Animals (Slaughter or Killing) Regulations (WASK)

Welfare (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions