Welfare

Question 1

What is the definition of welfare?

Answer 1

Welfare defines the state of an animal as it attempts to cope with it environment

Question 2

What is the animal welfare act 2006

Answer 2

It is a law that makes it an offence to cause unnecessary harm to any animal, it also places a duty of care to animals which means anyone who owns an animal has to take necessary steps in order to make sure the animals needs are met

Question 3

What are the five animal needs

Answer 3

Suitable diet
Suitable environment
Ability to express normal behaviours
To be homed with or without other animals
Protection from illness disease and violence

Question 4

Welfare considerations

Answer 4

Diet 
Exercise 
Social structures 
Stimulation 
Housing 
Substrate 
Veterinary attention 
Disease transmission 
Susceptibility to injury

Question 5

What does suitable diet mean?

Answer 5

Ready access to fresh water and a diet to maintain full health and vigour depending on the species, life stage and whether they are working or for production

Question 6

What does suitable environment mean?

Answer 6

Providing an appropriate environment including shelter, security and a comfortable resting area

Question 7

What does it mean to be protected from pain injury and suffering?

Answer 7

By ensuring conditions and treatments which avoid mental suffering and encourage quality of life and good wellbeing

Question 8

What does it mean to exhibit normal behaviours?

Answer 8

This can be done by providing sufficient space, proper facilities and replicate social groups

Question 9

What does it mean to be housed or without others?

Answer 9

This means whether they should live with another animal, it depends on species and individual needs

Question 10

What does morals mean?

Answer 10

Based on an individuals conscience, personal belief or right or wrong, rather than a set of rules or what the law states should be done

Question 11

What are ethics?

Answer 11

A system of moral standards, governing the appropriate conduct for a person or group

Question 12

What is evolution?

Answer 12

Evolution is a gradual process by which present diversity of animals life arose from the earliest and most primitive organisms
Or
Evolution is the change in inherited characteristics of a population from generation to generation

Question 13

Who is Charles Darwin?

Answer 13

He was an English naturalist who was born in 1809, he was primarily a geologist. He is the founder of the idea of evolution . He went on the five year voyage on the HMS beagle

Question 14

Where did the voyage path include?

Answer 14

South America 
Falkland Islands 
Galapagos 
New Zealand 
Australia 
Mauritius 
South Africa 
Azores

Question 15

What did Charles Darwin do?

Answer 15

Darwin collected a variety of specimens from different countries to prove the diversity of life.
Darwin proposed and provided evidence that all species of life have evolved over time from a single or few common ancestors through the process of natural selection

Question 16

What book did Charles Darwin write?

Answer 16

On The Origin Of species 1859

Question 17

What is natural selection?

Answer 17

This is the idea that species pass on favourable characteristic to their offspring which promote survival and increase reproduction, unfavourable characteristics will die out. It is the idea of survival of the fittest

Question 18

What is the moth example of natural selection?

Answer 18

During the industrial revolution the trees turned black due to the burning of coal this means that the black peppered moths could rest on the tree trunks and blend in however the white moths would stand out and therefore get eaten by predators. Therefore more black moths survived and reproduced creating 98% of moths being black peppered moths

Question 19

What is a selective pressure?

Answer 19

Any factor within an environment which alters the behaviour and or physical appearance of a species, driving force if evolution and natural selection. Divided into two types of pressure biotic and abiotic

Question 20

What are some types of selective pressures?

Answer 20

Predators and preys 
Vegetation type 
Terrain 
Weather
Water availability 
Sunlight 
Humidity
Temperature 
Salinity

Question 21

What is extinction?

Answer 21

the fact or process of a species, family, or other group of animals or plants becoming extinct (no longer existing)

Question 22

Extinction facts

Answer 22

Freshwater ecosystems are the most endangered habitats in the world
As many as 30-50 percent of all species are heading towards extinction
ESA 1973 protects registered endangered animals

Question 23

What is the meaning of evolution?

Answer 23

Natural process requires no intervention by man, natural selection, adaptation of species to their environment

Question 24

What is the meaning of domestication?

Answer 24

Wild animals come into contact with a human setting, specific characteristics and behaviour were developed for human purposes

Question 25

Why domesticate animals?

Answer 25

Food source
Clothing 
Guarding 
Transport 
Vermin control
Interest

Question 26

How were animals domesticated?

Answer 26

Animals domesticated themselves dogs 
Exchange of needs cats 
Trapping and capturing pigs
Confinement horses
Physical domination 
Selective breeding cattle

Question 27

What is a breed?

Answer 27

A breed is a group of animals that have been selectively bred by humans, these groups possess a uniform appearance that is inheritable. This appearance distinguishes them from others of the same species

Question 28

What are some reasons for breeding?

Answer 28

Economic 
Aesthetic 
Rituals 
Status 
Sport

Question 29

N’dama cattle

Answer 29

Developed a resistance to sleeping sickness which is spread by the tse-tse fly. This reduces cattle death rate

Question 30

Charolais cattle

Answer 30

Been selected for their muscling and size, provides a good meat source

Question 31

Meishan pigs

Answer 31

They become sexually mature at 6 months and produce two litters a year, they produce up to 16 piglets per litter

Question 32

Easy care sheep

Answer 32

Wool less so no need to shear yearly
More milk is produced as less energy spent on growing wool
Consequently larger lambs are produced

Question 33

Bald chickens

Answer 33

No need to pluck
The birds are cooler in hot climates
The birds grow quicker as less energy is spent on growing feathers
These birds can burn quicker due to lack of feather protection

Question 34

Shire horses

Answer 34

There were specially bred in order to pull heavy loads

Needed to be docile and patient

Question 35

Cat origins

Answer 35

Early cat domestication took place thousands of years ago in two strands
Originated in the Fertile Crescent in the Near East 9000 years ago and in ancient Egypt 7000 years ago
Domesticated cats all come from African wildcat

Question 36

Dog domestication

Answer 36

Domestic dogs have work ancestors
Dogs were domesticated around 15000years ago
Genetic studies have pinpointed everywhere from southern China, Mongolia to Europe
Dogs were the first animals to be domesticated

Question 37

Roles of today’s moderns breeds

Answer 37

Dogs have been used in 
Wars (communication and guarding)
Search and rescue 
Helping the disabled 
Police work
Drug detection

Question 38

What dog has returned to the wild in Australia

Answer 38

The dingo

Question 39

What is the definition of welfare?

Answer 39

A state of complete mental and physical health where the animal is in harmony within its environment

Question 40

What is animals use In religion?

Answer 40

Animals appear in almost all religions
Worship and sacred
Sacrificial 
Reincarnation
Spiritual connection 
Moralistic stories