Welcome + Derm basics Flashcards
Describe the six skin types
- Fitzpatrick
- I - Always Burns, Never Tans
- II - Always Burns, Sometimes Tans
- III - Sometimes Burns, Always Tans
- IV - Never Burns, Always Tans
- V- Dark Brown, rarely burns, fast and easy tanning
- VI- Black, Almost never burns
Using the mnemonic SCAM - how would you describe an individual lesion?
- Size (and shape)
- Colour
- Associated secondary change
- Morphology (and margin)
Using the mnemonic ABCD - how would you describe a pigmented lesion?
- Asymmetry (Irregular)
- Border
- Colour (two or more)
- Diameter (>6mm)
Define: Lesion, Rash
- Lesion - area of altered skin
- Rash - an eruption of multiple areas of altered skin
Define naevus
Localised malformation of tissue structures, commonly pigmented
Define comodone
Plug in a sebaceous follicle containing altered sebum/bacteria and cellular debris.
Can be open (blackheads) or closed (whiteheads)
Define Pruritis?
Itching
What is the Koebner Phenomenon in dermatological distribution?
Linear eruption
Define the following Dermatological Configuration terms:
- Discrete
- Confluent
- Target
- Annular
- Discoid
- Linear
- Discrete - Separate Lesions
- Confluent - Lesions merging together
- Target - Concentric rings like a dartboard
- Annular - Circle/Ring (like ringworm)
- Discoid - Coin shaped
- Linear - In a line
Describe Erythema
Redness due to inflammation and vasodilation, that blanches under pressure
Describe Purpura and the 2 types
Red/Purple discolouration due to bleeding into skin/mucous membrane that does not blanch with pressure. Can be
- Petichae (small pinpoint)
- Ecchymoses (large bruise)
What is the difference between Hypopigmentation and Depigmentation?
- Hypopigmentation - areas of paler skin (eg Pityriasis Versicolor)
- Depigmentation - White skin due to lack of melanin (eg Vitiligo)
Define the morphological terms: Macule, Patch and Plaque
- Macule - flat area of altered colour (freckles)
- Patch - larger flat area of altered colour
- Plaque - Palpable scaling raised lesion>0.5cm in diameter
Define the morphological terms: Papule and Nodule
- Papule - Solid raised lesion <0.5cm (eg Xanthomata)
- Nodule - Solid raised lesion >0.5cm
Define the morphological terms: Vesicle and Bullae
- Vesicle - Raised clear fluid filled lesion <0.5cm
- Bullae - Raised clear fluid filled lesion>0.5cm
Define the morphological terms: Pustule and Abscess
- Pustule - Pus containing lesion<0.5cm in diameter
- Abscess - Localised accumulation of pus in dermis or subcut tissue
Define the morphological terms: Wheal, Furuncle, Carbuncle
- Wheal - Transient raised lesion due to dermal oedema
- Furuncle - Staph infection in or around a hair follicle
- Carbuncle - Staph infection around adjacent follicle
Define: Excoriation, Lichenification and Scaling
- Excoriation - loss of epidermis following trauma
- Lichenification - well defined roughening of skin with accentuation of skin markings
- Scaling - Flakes of Stratum Corneum
Describe three different scar complications
- Atrophic - thinning
- Hypertrophic - Hyperproliferation within wound boundaries
- Keloidal - Hyperproliferation beyond wound boundary
Define Ulcer and Fissure
- Ulcer - Loss of dermis and epidermis
- Fissure - Epidermal crack due to excess dryness
What is Hypertrichosis?
Non androgen dependent pattern of hair growth
Define: Koilonychia, Oncholysis, Pitting
- Koilonychia - Spoon depression of nail plate
- Oncholysis - Separation of distail nail from nail bed (psoriasis, fungal nail function)
- Pitting - Depression in nail plate (psoriasis, eczema)
Describe the four different special cells of the skin
- Keratinocytes (protective barrier)
- Langerhans (immunological)
- Melanocytes (protects cell nuclei from UV)
- Merkel Cells (specialised nerve endings for sensation)
Describe the four main layers of the epidermis
- Stratum Corneum - Keratin
- Stratum Granulosum
- Stratum Spinosum - Prickle Cell
- Stratum Basale - Actively dividing cells
