Welcome + Derm basics Flashcards
Describe the six skin types
- Fitzpatrick
- I - Always Burns, Never Tans
- II - Always Burns, Sometimes Tans
- III - Sometimes Burns, Always Tans
- IV - Never Burns, Always Tans
- V- Dark Brown, rarely burns, fast and easy tanning
- VI- Black, Almost never burns
Using the mnemonic SCAM - how would you describe an individual lesion?
- Size (and shape)
- Colour
- Associated secondary change
- Morphology (and margin)
Using the mnemonic ABCD - how would you describe a pigmented lesion?
- Asymmetry (Irregular)
- Border
- Colour (two or more)
- Diameter (>6mm)
Define: Lesion, Rash
- Lesion - area of altered skin
- Rash - an eruption of multiple areas of altered skin
Define naevus
Localised malformation of tissue structures, commonly pigmented
Define comodone
Plug in a sebaceous follicle containing altered sebum/bacteria and cellular debris.
Can be open (blackheads) or closed (whiteheads)
Define Pruritis?
Itching
What is the Koebner Phenomenon in dermatological distribution?
Linear eruption
Define the following Dermatological Configuration terms:
- Discrete
- Confluent
- Target
- Annular
- Discoid
- Linear
- Discrete - Separate Lesions
- Confluent - Lesions merging together
- Target - Concentric rings like a dartboard
- Annular - Circle/Ring (like ringworm)
- Discoid - Coin shaped
- Linear - In a line
Describe Erythema
Redness due to inflammation and vasodilation, that blanches under pressure
Describe Purpura and the 2 types
Red/Purple discolouration due to bleeding into skin/mucous membrane that does not blanch with pressure. Can be
- Petichae (small pinpoint)
- Ecchymoses (large bruise)
What is the difference between Hypopigmentation and Depigmentation?
- Hypopigmentation - areas of paler skin (eg Pityriasis Versicolor)
- Depigmentation - White skin due to lack of melanin (eg Vitiligo)
Define the morphological terms: Macule, Patch and Plaque
- Macule - flat area of altered colour (freckles)
- Patch - larger flat area of altered colour
- Plaque - Palpable scaling raised lesion>0.5cm in diameter
Define the morphological terms: Papule and Nodule
- Papule - Solid raised lesion <0.5cm (eg Xanthomata)
- Nodule - Solid raised lesion >0.5cm
Define the morphological terms: Vesicle and Bullae
- Vesicle - Raised clear fluid filled lesion <0.5cm
- Bullae - Raised clear fluid filled lesion>0.5cm
Define the morphological terms: Pustule and Abscess
- Pustule - Pus containing lesion<0.5cm in diameter
- Abscess - Localised accumulation of pus in dermis or subcut tissue
Define the morphological terms: Wheal, Furuncle, Carbuncle
- Wheal - Transient raised lesion due to dermal oedema
- Furuncle - Staph infection in or around a hair follicle
- Carbuncle - Staph infection around adjacent follicle
Define: Excoriation, Lichenification and Scaling
- Excoriation - loss of epidermis following trauma
- Lichenification - well defined roughening of skin with accentuation of skin markings
- Scaling - Flakes of Stratum Corneum
Describe three different scar complications
- Atrophic - thinning
- Hypertrophic - Hyperproliferation within wound boundaries
- Keloidal - Hyperproliferation beyond wound boundary
Define Ulcer and Fissure
- Ulcer - Loss of dermis and epidermis
- Fissure - Epidermal crack due to excess dryness
What is Hypertrichosis?
Non androgen dependent pattern of hair growth
Define: Koilonychia, Oncholysis, Pitting
- Koilonychia - Spoon depression of nail plate
- Oncholysis - Separation of distail nail from nail bed (psoriasis, fungal nail function)
- Pitting - Depression in nail plate (psoriasis, eczema)
Describe the four different special cells of the skin
- Keratinocytes (protective barrier)
- Langerhans (immunological)
- Melanocytes (protects cell nuclei from UV)
- Merkel Cells (specialised nerve endings for sensation)
Describe the four main layers of the epidermis
- Stratum Corneum - Keratin
- Stratum Granulosum
- Stratum Spinosum - Prickle Cell
- Stratum Basale - Actively dividing cells
What is the ‘extra’ layer of the epidermis and where is it found?
Stratum Lucidum - Paler compact keratin In areas of ‘thick skin’ (eg soles of feet)
Describe the composition of the Dermis
Made collagen/elastin/GAGs Contains immune cells, nerves, lymphatics and blood supply
What are the three main types of hair?
- Lanugo - Fine long hair in foetus
- Vellus - Fine short hair on body’s surface
- Terminal - Coarse long hair on scalp/eyebrows/eyelashes
What are Sebaceous Glands?
Produce sebum via hair follicles
Lubricates and waterproofs skin
Stimulated by androgens
What are Sweat Glands?
State the two types
Innervated by sympathetic nervous system
Eccrine - Universally distributed in skin
Apocrine - located in axilla and genitalia etc and function from puberty onswards
Which term best describes the configuration of the following images?
How would you describe the colour of the following images?
How would you describe the following primary lesions?
How would you describe the following secondary lesions?
