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GCSE History- Nazi Germany > Weimar Republic, 1918-1933 > Flashcards

Weimar Republic, 1918-1933 Flashcards

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1
Q

Political problems facing Germany in 1918

A
  • Govt lost war- people wanted new govt
  • Foreign relations at low- no trade
  • Small destruction of cities- govt have to sort out
  • Kaiser abdicated- no one in charge- coalition govt
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2
Q

Economic problems facing Germany in 1918

A
  • Economy collapsing- war time economy meant money spent on war, not on Germany itself
  • War was expensive- Germany in debt
  • German mark worth half of what it was before war
  • Money needed to be spent on rebuilding cities
  • Countries wouldn’t trade with Germany, so Germany couldn’t sell any goods
  • Men injured or dead- couldn’t work
  • Expensive to maintain military
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3
Q

Social problems facing Germany in 1918

A
  • Money not spent on agriculture+ no trade- starvation
  • British naval blockade- starvation
  • Men injured/ dead- couldn’t work- no money for families
  • Some houses destroyed- homelessness
  • War based factories closed down- loss of jobs
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4
Q

Military problems facing Germany in 1918

A
  • -Military wanted Kaiser- reputation
  • Armed forces depleted- vulnerable
  • Expensive to maintain military
  • Military reduced to 8 million- unemployment
  • Naval mutiny- refused to attack
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5
Q

Features of the Weimar constitution- democracy

A
  • All men and women over 18 could vote
  • No one person in complete control
  • Many different views represented
  • Elected, so no one could complain
  • Lots of political parties due to proportional rep
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6
Q

Features of the Weimar constitution- organisation

A
  • President every 7 years, Reichstag every 4 years
  • President chose chancellor
  • Easy to re-elect Reichstag
  • President could dismiss elections
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7
Q

Features of the Weimar constitution- proportional representation

A
  • Many parties could have their say

- No one could win majority- coalitions

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8
Q

Features of the Weimar constitution- article 48

A
  • President could suspend democracy in emergency and rule alone
  • President could do what is best
  • Easy to assume dictatorship
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9
Q

Treaty of Versailles date

A

28th June 1919

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10
Q

Treaty of Versailles terms

A 
Territorial: -Colonies given to allies- coal in Saar to France
	-No union with Austria (Anschluss)
	-Lost 13% of land
Financial: -£6.6 billion reparations
	-Coal in Saar mined by France
	-Cattle and sheep given to France
Military: 	-Army not exceed 100,000
	-No tanks or submarines
	-Rhineland demilitarised
League of Nations: -Denied access
War guilt: -Article 231- accept blame
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11
Q

Effects of Treaty of Versailles

A
  • Bad start for new govt
  • Opponents of govt blamed them for signing armistice- November criminals
  • Govt stabbed Germany in the back- dolchstoss
  • Could not afford reparations
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12
Q

Political problems from the left facing Wiemar, 1918-1923

A

Left- Spartacists: -Communists lead by Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht- blamed govt for T of V

  • Jan 1919- Communist activists seized power in Berlin and Baltic ports
  • Independent socialist state created in Bavaria
  • Revolts crushed in weeks by Freikorps (ex-soldiers)
  • Leaders executed
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13
Q

Political problems from the right facing Wiemar, 1918-1923

A

Right- nationalists: -Saw govt as weak- defeat in war and T of V

  • March 1920- Kapp Putsch- Group of Freikorps seized power in Berlin
  • Not supported by factory workers- went on strike- supplies of gas, coal and water to Berlin stopped in hours
  • Gave up after 4 days
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14
Q

Economic problems facing Wiemar, 1918-1923 -Ruhr

A
  • 1922- Germany couldn’t pay reparations- asked more time
  • Jan 1923- France and Belgium send troops to Ruhr, centre of German industry
  • Army refused to fire on Freikorps
  • German workers refused to work- industry stopped
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15
Q

Economic problems facing Wiemar, 1918-1923 -Hyperinflation causes

A

Causes-Germany borrowed money in WW1- debts

  • Lost land in T of V- lost agriculture, workers and resources
  • Loss of trade due to war guilt clause
  • Reparations- debt- Germany fails to pay
  • France invade Ruhr- strikes- drop in industry
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16
Q

Economic problems facing Wiemar, 1918-1923 -Hyperinflation key features

A
  • More money printed- Mark devalues
  • 1914- $1=4 marks, 1923- $1=4,200,000,000 marks
  • Prices increased hourly
  • People paid twice a day to keep up with food prices
17
Q

Economic problems facing Wiemar, 1918-1923 -Hyperinflation effects

A

-Forced into poverty, life savings gone
-Those on fixed pay like pensions suffered
Benefit- People who owned property and goods before inflation- worth more
-Business owners
-Poor levelled with rich
-Extremist parties who offer a way out

18
Q

When was the Rentenmark introduced and what was it?

A

1923, a new currency issued on limited amounts, replaced by Reichsmark next year backed by gold reserves

19
Q

When was the Dawes Plan and what was it?

A

1924

  • Reparations set at one billion marks the first year, rising anually to two and a half billion marks after five years
  • USA gave loans to Germany- meant Germany depended on them
  • Ruhr evacuated by Allies (1925)
20
Q

When were the Locarno Treaties and what was it?

A

1925

  • Agreed Germany, France and Belgium would keep the same borders- they trusted Germany more
  • Trade encouraged to regain trust
  • Allies retreat from Ruhr
21
Q

When was Germany accepted into the League of Nations and what was it?

A

1926

-Germany allowed to join! - More trust, recognised as great power

22
Q

When was the Kellogg-Briand Pact and what was it?

A

1928

  • Signed by Germany and 64 other nations
  • Said they would keep armies solely for defence and solve disputes peacefully
23
Q

When was the Young Plan and what was it?

A

1929, reduced reparations by 67% to £1850 million, with an extra 59 years to pay it off

24
Q

Wall Street Crash date

A

1929

25
Q

Wall Street Crash key features

A
  • US stock market collapsed

- USA recalled loans, Germany couldn’t pay

26
Q

Wall Street Crash effects

A
  • German businesses closed- loss of jobs- unemployment at 6 million in 1932
  • Farmers unemployed as food prices fell- food shortages
  • Govt cut spending and increase taxes (Article 48)
  • 1931- Banks collapsed
  • Foreign investors withdrew
  • Reparations payment delayed
  • Govt called lots of elections
27
Q

Wall Street Crash effects on extremist parties

A
  • Offered a short term solution- easy way out -People were desperate
  • Let down by Weimar govt
  • More people involved in politics
  • 1930 election- communists increased seats from 54 to 77
  • Nazi increased from 12 seats in 1928 to 107 in 1930

GCSE History- Nazi Germany (4 decks)

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