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GCSE History- Nazi Germany > Rise of the Nazi Party, 1918-1933 > Flashcards

Rise of the Nazi Party, 1918-1933 Flashcards

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1
Q

Hitler’s early life (not on syllabus but useful to know)

A
  • Austrian Catholic, family moved often, model student, not very strong, mummy’s boy
  • Wanted to be an artist, didn’t get into art school, spent 5 years on streets of Vienna where anti-Semitism was high, developed hatred of Jews
  • Fled Austria to avoid military, fought in war for Germany, role was to inform people if any colleagues were communist
  • Temporarily blinded by gas shell in WW1, awarded iron cross
  • Thought end of war was unpatriotic, stabbed in the back; he wasn’t fighting when war ended so he could say he wouldn’t have backed down
  • Saw so much death in war he disregarded human life
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2
Q

When did Hitler join the Nazi party, and what did he change its name to?

A

Hitler joined German Worker’s Party in 1919, and became leader in 1921 and changed name to National Socialist German Worker’s Party (Nazis for short)

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3
Q

Key features of the Nazi Party, 1919-1923

A
  • Organised private army called SA or storm troopers- protected Nazi meetings and attack opponents
  • Drew up 25 point programme- Union of all Germans (pure race), scrap T of V, German citizenship only to Germans (not Jews), only Germans could vote, non-Germans entered after 1914 have to leave, nationalise business and land etc.
  • 1922- 3,000 members
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4
Q

Munich Putsch date

A

November 1923

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5
Q

Causes of Munich Putsch

A
  • Weimar Republic was unpopular due to Ruhr and hyperinflation
  • Mussolini had seized power in Rome in 1922 after march on Rome
  • Thought he would get support from people and army
  • Convinced Weimar had stabbed them in the back- T of V
  • Had support from General Ludendorff, former army leader (popular) and SA
  • Bavarian State govt didn’t support Weimar much- near Austria so nationalist, thought they would help him- influential
    • Had goals- 25 point programme
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6
Q

Key features of Munich Putsch

A

Hitler held members of Bavarian govt at gunpoint and forced to join him, and then let them go

  • Von Kahr (leader of Bavarian govt) alerted police
  • Next day, Bavarian police shot Nazi SA (16 killed)
  • Hitler and Ludendorff arrested- high treason
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7
Q

Effects of Munich Putsch

A
  • Trial lasted one month, allowed to make speeches- publicity, exposing him to media
  • Sympathetic judge- only 5 year sentence- minimum sentance- (only served 9 months)
  • ‘Soft’ prison- allowed visitors, books and letters
  • Developed views and wrote ‘Mein Kampf’
  • Hitler learnt he needed to secure power legally
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8
Q

Changes to the Nazi party from 1924-1929

A
  • Gaues- Party branches led by a ‘gauleiter’
  • SA- Forced Rohm to resign as leader to make them less violent, appointed Von Salomon to create better image
  • SS- Hitler’s loyal personal guard- couldn’t trust SA
  • Hitler Youth- Indoctrinate the young- future voters
  • Propaganda- Goebbels put in charge
  • Swastika- instantly recognisable, represented peace
  • Fuhrerprinzip- one leader of Nazi Party obeyed by all, complete control
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9
Q

How many seats did the Nazi Party win in the 1928 election?

A

12

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10
Q

Political effects of the depression

A
  • Caused chaos in Germany
  • Govt couldn’t solve problems- weak
  • Unemployment (6 million), Hitler promised more work
  • Street battles between communists (Nazi rivals) and police meant SA looked disciplined and orderly
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11
Q

Key events in 1932-1933

A
  • General election triggered violence between Nazis and communists
  • Nazis were largest party in Reichstag so Hitler wanted to be chancellor, but Hindenburg said no, appointed Von Papen
  • Von Papen had no support so was replaced by Von Schleicher, but was forced to resign within a month
  • Hitler made chancellor, thought he was weak and could be controlled
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12
Q

Nazi election results

A
  • 1924- 32 seats- publicity from Munich Putsch
  • 1928- 12 seats- joined L of N, hyperinflation dropped-Stresemann
  • 1930- 107 seats- depression, people became desperate
  • July 1932- 230 seats- depression, people became desperate
  • Nov 1932- 196 seats- depression beginning to ease up
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13
Q

Key ideas in Mein Kampf

A
  • Volksegmeinschaft- strongest races dominate weak
  • Lebensraum- all German speaking people incorporated into the nation
  • All ills in Germany caused by Jews
  • Abolition of T of V
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GCSE History- Nazi Germany (4 decks)

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