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History Revision Flashcards > Weimar And Nazi Germany > Flashcards

Weimar And Nazi Germany Flashcards

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1
Q

Who were the SS (Schutzstaffel)

A

Most important, initially a body guard service for Hitler, set up concentration camps (jails not for the jews), all black uniform

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2
Q

What was the cross of honour

A

Awarded to women for having children
Bronze = 4
Silver = 6
Gold = 8+

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3
Q

What was the building of the autobahn?

A

Nazis wanted to build 7000km of dual carriage ways over germany to transport goods and people, 125000 employed to help in 1935 which created jobs

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4
Q

Who was Joesef Goebbels?

A

Chief of German propaganda, wanted nazi ideas deeply buried in propaganda so people didn’t realise their attitudes were changing

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5
Q

Who were the Gestapo?

A

Secret police force, monitored German population, intercepted mail, they were the people who found out if you opposed Hitler or spoke bad about him, plain clothed uniform

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6
Q

What was Lebensborn?

A

Women who were deemed racially valuable (aryan) encouraged to give birth

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7
Q

What was the Munich Putsch?

A

A failed attempt by hitler in november to overthrow the weimar Republic government

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8
Q

What was the cause of the Munich putsch?

A

Hitler believed in the stab in the back theory , rise in support for thr NSDAP, hyperinflation, invasion of the Ruhr. All of this made Hitler want to propose his ideas.

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9
Q

What were the Munich Putsch events?

A

Hitler and supporters marched on Munich to declare Hitler leader of Germany, marched to main square and met police, gun fight, Hitler arrested

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10
Q

Name the consequences of the Munich Putsch?

A

Arrests, Hitler arrested where he used the time to find next steps for his party, deaths, NSDAP banned

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11
Q

Name the consequences of the Munich Putsch?

A

Arrests, Hitler arrested where he used the time to find next steps for his party, deaths, NSDAP banned

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12
Q

Who were the Eldewiss pirates

A

Working class youth who didn’t like the youth restrictions made by Hitler, spread anti nazi ideas, helped hide Jewish friends, teenagers who wanted to rebel not overthrow

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13
Q

What was conscription?

A

Forced into the military

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14
Q

Who were the SD (Sicherheitsdienst)

A

Arrested people, seize property, search homes, prevented sabotage and opposition of the nazi party, responsible for the top nazis and Hitler security

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15
Q

What is master race?

A

People (aryan and german) who claimed to be superior to all others, dominated

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16
Q

What were the Nuremburg laws?

A

Anti semetic laws, Jews: not allowed german citizenship, not allowed civil and political rights, couldn’t be doctors, Jewish children not allowed to go to school

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17
Q

What was indoctrination?

A

Process of repeating or teaching an idea or belief until it is accepted without question

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18
Q

What were the 3k’s for women?

A

Kinder- children
Kuche- kitchen
Kirche- church

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19
Q

Who were the november criminals?

A

Leaders of the weimar government who signed the treaty

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20
Q

What were the 4 main things in Hitlers way?

A

1) Reichstag fire
2) Enabling act
3) Night of long knives
4) Death of Hindenburg

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21
Q

Who was Otto Dix?

A

Known for paintings filled with anguish and exploited figures. To represent the turmoil of his time.

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22
Q

What was the aim of the national labour service (RAD) ?

A

Aim was to make work for the unemployed, first joining was an option then it became compulsory for 6 months for all men aged 18-25

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23
Q

What did the men do when part of the national labour service ?

A

Helped road building, agriculture and community projects

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24
Q

Why did many men dislike the national labour service (RAD)

A

Low pay, bad working conditions, men didn’t like it as it was seen as service for the nazis not work

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25
Q

What was the stab in the back theory (Dolchtoss) ?

A

Belief that the army didn’t loose WW1 but were betrayed by the politicians who agreed to the treaty. Stabbed them in the back by ending the war.

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26
Q

Define sterilisation?

A

Women who were inferior (disabled, had a hereditary disease) prevented from reproducing in order to keep the aryan race pure

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27
Q

Explain the Concordat (1933) ?

A

To get the majority Hitler needed extra support so he made an agreement with the pope (concordat) to promise he would protect german catholics if he gained catholics support, this won over many german catholics, however Hitler didn’t keep his side of the promise

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28
Q

What was the night of long knives? (1934)

A

SA members demanded that the Nazi party should carry a socialist agenda (list of terms to be discussed) and the SA to take over the army

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29
Q

Why did Hitler not like the ideas proposed by the SA (night of long knives) ?

A

Hitler didn’t want to annoy army or businessmen so the SS murdered around 400 members of the SA

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30
Q

What were the consequences of the Knight of long knives?

A

It destroyed opposition, gave power to brutal SS, showed the world he was a tyrant which removed any internal opposition the the nazis

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31
Q

Why why the Berlin olympics?

A

Hitler saw it as an opportunity to promote antisemitic and racial supremacy ideals and propaganda, Jesse Owens (American and black) was most successful athlete

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32
Q

What was the german faith movement?

A

95% Germans Christian which was threat to his authority as it taught peace. Created german Christians within the Reich church who promoted Nazi ideas. Used the policy to control teachings of the church, a reich church was established

33
Q

How did the german faith movement affect catholics?

A

Catholic schools suppressed, Catholic newspapers banned

34
Q

What was strength through joy (KDF) ?

A

Gave workers reward for hard work such as theatre trips and cheap holidays

35
Q

What was the cause of the strength through joy (KDF) ?

A

To support the fuhrer, thank him, keep people happy after abolishing the trade unions, volkswagen scheme where people payed in installments to buy the car when WW2 started many lost their money as factories had to turn to manufacturing arms

36
Q

Treaty of versailles, LAMB ?

A

LAND (13%)
ARMY (100,000 SOLDIERS)
MONEY (£6.6 BILLION)
BLAME FOR WW1

37
Q

What was the Kristallnacht (1932) ?

A

SS organised attacks on Jewish homes and businesses due to the assassination of a German ambassador (Ernst Vom Rath) by a Jew

38
Q

What was the Enabling Act?

A

Laws didn’t need to go through the Reichstag instead decided by the cabinet and Chancellor advisors

39
Q

What was the enabling act passed?

A

Hitler got enough votes for it to be passed by the Reichstag

40
Q

What were the consequences of the Enabling Act?

A

Hitler able to destroy all Nazi opposition and all political parties abolished by 1933, ended democracy which meant dictatorship

41
Q

How did the unemployment figures fall by 4 million? (INVISIBLE UNEMPLOYMENT)

A

Jews and women not counted as forced to give up work, didn’t count part time workers people in concentration camps/ prisons not counted.

42
Q

How did people get jobs to reduce unemployment?

A

Hitler ignored treaty so by 1939 there was 1,360,000 in the military which gave people jobs, led to a demand in arms, people had to work in factories to produce these giving people jobs, SS+SA+Gestapo gave people jobs (which weren’t considered real jobs as only needed for Nazi purposes to spy on and control the public)

43
Q

What was the SA?

A

Nazi party’s paramilitary force (unofficial force)

44
Q

Why was the SA created?

A

To increase Nazi popularity by intimidating nazi opponents especially communists, provide opportunities for young unemployed to be a part of it and to protect hitler

45
Q

What did the SA help Hitler to create?

A

It helped make Hitler a dictator

46
Q

Where was Hitlers first appearance in Germany?

A

DAP (german workers party) Hitler joined, far right political party

47
Q

How Wall Street crash of 1929 affect Germany?

A

Germany suffered the most, US wanted loans back (Dawes plan) which Gemany couldn’t pay

48
Q

Explain the Swing Youth Movement?

A

Opposed Nazi culture, didn’t want to overthrow, middle class teenagers, liked American+British culture and films, listened to US jazz, not viewed as much of a threat by Nazis

49
Q

What was the Hitler Youth?

A

Group for boys, learnt Nazi beliefs, physical training such as hiking, prepare them to be soldiers

50
Q

Who was the Bauhaus?

A

Very influential art movement, his theory was architecture was an opportunity to introduce beauty to all, bring art back into everyday life suppressed by nazis in 1933

51
Q

What was the consequences of the Bauhaus? (Golden 20’s)

A

Changed traditional ideas of architecture.

52
Q

What was the peoples court?

A

Decided cases about treason, judges met in secret, members chosen by Hitler, no appeals, sentenced people to death

53
Q

What were reparations?

A

Money that had to be paid

54
Q

What was the NSDAP?

A

National socialist german workers party

55
Q

What were some reasons for the increase in support for Hitler?

A

Growing unemployment, falling wages

56
Q

What was the Kapp Putsch?

A

Right wing, army had to be reduced due to the treaty, as a reaction to this the right wing nationalist Wolfgang Kapp led a freikorps takeover in berlin, Kapp was only defeated when the workers went on strike and refused to work with him

57
Q

Reuchstag fire

A

February 27th 1933, day after the fire the government called it a communist plot, blamed on the communist, communist Van der Lubbe was found inside the reichstag (was a communist), no more non-nazi newspapers.

58
Q

What is a dictatorship?

A

Country run by one leader with total control and power.

59
Q

What is the definition of the Munich Putsch?

A

Armed uprising

60
Q

What was the 25 point programme?

A

Hitler came up with 25 points to make germany stronger and help german people, mixture of nationalism and socialism, led to a growth in the party due to one of the points being ‘no Jewish person should be a citizen’

61
Q

Explain the occupation of the Ruhr?

A

Germany couldn’t afford reparations, French/Belgium troops took over the Ruhr (industrial area), German workers went on strike (government didn’t blame them for striking), germanys economy suffered

62
Q

How did the invasion of the Ruhr lead to hyperinflation?

A

Government printed money to pay the striking workers even though they weren’t making money, this resulted in hyperinflation, shops rose prices meaning the government had to keep printing money which continued to make prices rise

63
Q

Who were the Freikorps (free corps) ?

A

Right wing, ex-soldiers asked to help stop the uprisings, they were men who had to leave the army due to the TOV

64
Q

What is a constitution?

A

Set of rules outlining how a country is run

65
Q

What were the strengths of germanys constitution?

A

Voting proportional and representative, all Germans gad the right to vote, electorate can change president

66
Q

What were the weaknesses of the constitution?

A

No party ever got the majority, too fair so people could make own party, president could make decisions without the Reichstag

67
Q

Who were the Electrorate?

A

People able to vote in elections, men and women aged 21 years or over

68
Q

Describe Germanys parliament?

A

Made up of two houses, Reichstag and Reichstrat, normally laws had to pass through both houses

69
Q

How was the Chancellor chosen?

A

Chancellor was the head of government, chosen by the president, had to have most support of the Reichstag

70
Q

Who was the head of State?

A

Head of weimar Republic, chose the Chancellor, elected by people every 7 years

71
Q

What was the Republic and what challenges dis it face?

A

The Republic was the Weimar Republic, it was the government from 1919-1933, it faced political challenges as it was in the middle of the left and right wing

72
Q

Features of the Sparticist uprising?

A

Rosa Luxembourg, Karl Leiebknecht, extreme sociologists, happened in 1919

73
Q

Who was Gustav Stresseman? (1923)

A

He introduced a new currency called the Rentenmark, ended the hyperinflation crisis, got french to leave the Ruhr, git the USA to loan Gefmany money (Dawes plan)

74
Q

What was the Dawes Plan? (1924)

A

Us agreed the reparation payment would be reduced to a manageable amount, French troops would leave the Ruhr, USA would make loans to help germany, allies help reorganise the german reichsbank, the plan solved the problem of germany being unable to afford reparations

75
Q

What was the Locarno Pact? (1925)

A

Agreement with Britain, France, Belgium, Italy. Not change borders between Germany, France, Belgium. Solved problem of bad relationship with Britain + France

76
Q

The League of Nations? (1926)

A

For it to work, Germany had to join the league, solved the problem of germany not being respectable or important

77
Q

What was the Kellogg Briand Pact? (1928)

A

Agreement signed with 64 other countries: only use army for self defence and try and solve problems peacefully. Showed germanys reputation was improving

78
Q

The Young Plan? (1929)

A

Dawes plan was very successful, another plan happened with American banker (Owen Young), agreed the reparations would be reduced from £6.6 billion to £2 billion and germany would have 59 years to pay it, solved challenging reparation payments

History Revision Flashcards (2 decks)

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