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History Revision Flashcards > Elizabethan England > Flashcards

Elizabethan England Flashcards

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1
Q

Why did England win the Spanish Armada?

A

Drakes attack on Cadiz made Phillip rush preparations, Phillip appointed new leader of armada =Medina Sedonia who was unsuitable for the position, when Spanish fleet anchored at calais english used fire ships to scatter the armada

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2
Q

What were some of the things england did when involving themselves with the Netherlands?

A

Money and weapons sent to help the protestants rebel, allowed to use English ports, treaty of nonsuch (1585) allowed elizabeth to send an army of 7000 to help dutch

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3
Q

Why did Elizabeth involve herself with the Dutch?

A

Disliked the way protestants were treated by Philip

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4
Q

Describe Drake and the Raid on Cadiz?

A

1586 + 1587 Phillip was building an armada to attack england: Drake attacked some of the Spanish fleet at cadiz (singeing of the kings beard), 30 battleships sunk, destroyed large amounts of timber preventing new ships from being built and barells for food supplies being made

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5
Q

Why is Drakes raid on cadiz helpful?

A

Gave england another year to prepare

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6
Q

Why was parliament concerned about the execution of mary queen of Scots?

A

Executed on Feb 1587, elizabeth was reluctant to sign making the parliament and advisors anxious, parliament concerned about the growing Catholic threats

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7
Q

What did sir Francis Walsingham do in terms of plots?

A

From 1573 he used a network of spies across England to protect Liz from plots, letters to and from mary were intecepted and deciphered

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8
Q

What were some of the challenges from the puritans in terms of the church?

A

Didn’t like the traces of Catholic church such as decoration, felt in the communion Jesus’s was spiritual not physical, Elizabeth felt they wouldn’t plot with the Catholic powers

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9
Q

What were some challenges from the catholics in terms of the church?

A

Many catholics in church spoke against it but couldn’t stop the passing of the acts, upset that it didn’t permit the Latin masses so held in secret, pope excommunicated elizabeth which encouraged catholics to disobey her leading to plots

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10
Q

What were the Spanish invasion plans?

A

Phillip planned to sail to Calais and pick up troops fighting in the Netherlands,invasion would be a signal for catholics to rebel, Catholic church would be restored in England

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11
Q

What were the consequences of English victory?

A

War against Spain continued, invasion threat still existed, England continued to support Netherlands, English sailors still attacked Spanish ships

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12
Q

Why do many in France believe mary should be ruler?

A

Elizabeth’s heir, roman Catholic married to French kings son

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13
Q

What was happening between between France and England in 1558?

A

At war with France and invasion threat was great/largd

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14
Q

Why was Parliament called?

A

Called if ruler needed more money, didn’t like to do this as it gave parliament too much power

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15
Q

Why dud some catholics accept the new church?

A

Some decor, Elizabeth was supreme governor not supreme head like king Henry the 8th

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16
Q

Why did elizabeth call parliament?

A

When she needed them to grant money from taxes to pay for the running and defence of the country, usually called for finance

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17
Q

How did many people feel about elizabeth being not married?

A

As a single woman they felt she couldn’t offer a strong, effective monarchy, issue of an heir

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18
Q

What was the privy council?

A

Consisted of 19 men, leasing nobles who had great power, help run the government, advise Queen

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19
Q

What was the revolt timeline?

A

Revolt of the northern earls = 1569
Ridolfi plot = 1571
Throckmorton plot = 1583
Babington plot = 1586

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20
Q

Why did Spain invade england?

A

Mary’s execution

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21
Q

Why was Mary executed?

A

Proof of plot involvement
Claim to throne
Babington plot as if was to kill elizabeth

22
Q

Why was Mary a threat?

A

Had an heir
Catholic
Legitimate claim

23
Q

Who was Sir Francis Walsingham?

A

Known as the spy master
Elizabeth secret secretary of state
Intercept last plots in 1586 - Mary involved

24
Q

What did the Act of Supremacy make Elizabeth?

A

Supreme governor of the church of England

25
Q

Why dud elizabeth treat catholics more harshly as her reign went on?

A

Due to Catholic plots and threats from abroad

26
Q

Why were puritans unhappy with the religious settlement?

A

Didn’t believe in the head of the church and wanted nk decoration (to be pure)

27
Q

Who were recusants?

A

People who refused to attend protestant church services

28
Q

What did the pope do in 1570 to show his disapproval of the religious settlement?

A

Excommunicated elizabeth

29
Q

Why was the privy council important?

A

Advised the queen on big decisions but didn’t control her

30
Q

How much debt did elizabeth inherit when she came to the throne?

A

Inherited a debt of £300000 from her sister mary 1

31
Q

Why was Mary deemed illegitimate?

A

Catholics didn’t recognise the marriage of her parents due to Henry viii’s previous divorce

32
Q

Why didn’t elizabeth execute mary sooner?

A

Because it was frowned upon, if one did it more would follow, you were placed there by God, divine right

33
Q

How did elizabeth resolve religious problems?

A

Religious settlement = act of supremacy and act of uniformity

34
Q

What were the 3 religious groups in England called?

A

Protestant
Catholic
Puritan

35
Q

How did elizabeth settle tensions with France?

A

Cateau of cambrais which was a peace treaty with France in January 1559

36
Q

What countries challenged eluzabetb when she came to the throne?

A

France
Scotland
Spain

37
Q

How did elizabetht solve the problem of debt?

A

Sold crown lands and cut back on government spending

38
Q

Why did mary arrive in England in 1568?

A

Mary had been forced to abdicate the throne as it was thought she was involved in the murder of her 2nd husband

39
Q

What happened when mary arrived in England?

A

Elizabeth kept her captive as it was thought catholics would wish her to be on the throne

40
Q

What were some details about Mary’s execution?

A

Didn’t want to execute fellow monarch as they were placed there by God, Mary’s arrival increased the fears of plots and rebellions, relations between England and Spain worsened from 1569, Mary’s presence was a growing threat

41
Q

What were reasons for the increase in poverty?

A

Farmers couldn’t pay increased rent so moved to towns in search of work, spinners and weavers lost their jobs in the wool indusrty, rise in population so not enough jobs for everyone poor harvests and rising prices of food

42
Q

What was the act of relief of the poor act in 1563?

A

Said there was a class of people who were deserving poor (young and old) they couldn’t find employment and the idle poor (beggars who turned to crime), local parish could collect money to help the poor

43
Q

What was the 1572 vagabonds act?

A

Stated that people who were caught begging would be whipped and burned through the air

44
Q

What was the 1576 Act of the Relief of the poor?

A

County would build two houses of correction for beggars, beggars would be forced to work, justices of the peace in towns had to keep stock of materials to make sure those who were genuinely in need of work were given work

45
Q

Factors prompting exploration?

A

Development of charts showing longitude and latitude, wanted to spread protestants, new trading markets following collapse of the wool trade

46
Q

How technology increased exploration?

A

Printing press meant maps and other geographical literature was available i

47
Q

Reasons for Drakes circumnavigation?

A

Intended to attack Spanish ships and territory, win new lands for elizabeth, establish new trade routes, make profit for himself and elizabetha

48
Q

Attempted colonisation of roanoak?

A

In 1585 a 100 men were left to colonise, Drake visited in 1586 and took the starving colonists back with him, second attempt in 1587

49
Q

Reasons for the failure of the colonisation of Virginia?

A

Colonists not able to produce enough food, colonists arrived too late in the year to harvest crops, relations with natives were poor, natives angered by them

50
Q

Significance of Drakes journey?

A

First english sailor to circumnavigate the world, returned with jewels, gold and silver making a fortune for himself and backers, after journey Spain demanded him be punished but elizabeth knighted him, helped lay foundations of English future empire

History Revision Flashcards (2 decks)

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