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Weimar and Nazi Germany Flashcards

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1
Q

what did the Nazis do to improve laws and restrictions? (Jews)

A

give up their nationality

restricted from some public places - swimming pools and the cinema

take new Hebrew names

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2
Q

what did the Nazis do to start to boycott Jewish shops and improve bans?

A

banned from certain jobs-teachers, lawyers, judges

could not work for the government or civil service

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3
Q

when did the Nazis start to boycott Jewish shops and impose bans?

A

1933-35

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4
Q

how did German workers react to the Ruhr crisis?

A

they went on strike

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5
Q

which social class was hit the hardest by hyperinflation?

A

the middle class

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6
Q

what were the positives of hyperinfaltion?

A

farmers benefitted as they were paid more for food

some people and businesses could pay off loans and mortgages

fixed rents for rooms or shops became very cheap

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7
Q

what did Stresemann agree to do in November 1923?

A

the government decided to resume payment of reperations

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8
Q

what were the effects of the Ruhr crisis?

A

German workers went on strike

government started printing more money

money became worthless-in 1918 an egg cost 1/4 of a mark by November 1923 it cost 18 million marks

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9
Q

what is a Fuhrenprinzip?

A

leader who runs everything

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10
Q

what is a constitution?

A

rules/guidelines of how a country works

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11
Q

what was the Treaty of Versailles?

A

Land was taken from Germany

Army decreased

Money was owed to other countries

Blame placed on Germany

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12
Q

what is a Kasier?

A

a figure head of a country and rules alone

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13
Q

what is article 72?

A

if 2/3 of Reichstag agree, the constitution can be changed

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14
Q

what was the Ruhr?

A

Germanys main industrial area (where its money was being made)

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15
Q

when was the new German currency issued and what was it called?

A

the Rentenmark in November 1923

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16
Q

when was the SA formed?

A

1921

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17
Q

when was the Ruhr invaded and by who?

A

by France and Belgium in 1923 because of Germanys reluctance to pay for reperations (consequence of breaking the treaty of Versailles)

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18
Q

which Jewish minister was assinated in 1922?

A

Walther Rathenau

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19
Q

who stopped the Kapp Putsch in March 1920?

A

the workers came out on a general strike

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19
Q

who stopped the Kapp Putsch in March 1920?

A

the workers came out on a general strike

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20
Q

what were some cultural changes in 1924-29?

A

some German films challenged traditional cinema

some artwork commented on German society

architecture challenged traditional ideas

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21
Q

what were the negatives of hyperinflation?

A

some people could not afford essentials like bread

wages rose, but not as quickly as prices

some businesses went bankrupt (those that made money took over the struggling ones)

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22
Q

how was the standard of living better in 1924?

A

working hours reduced

wages rose

3% of workers earnings were deducted to be put towards insurance

15% rent tax was introduced to fun building associations

between 1925 and 1929 101,000 homes were built

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23
Q

which revolt happened in March 1920?

A

the right wing revolt called the Kapp Putsch

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24
Q

how did France and Belgium react when the Germans stopped paying their reoperations in 1923?

A

they occupied the Ruhr and helped themselves to the iron and coal there

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25
Q

how was living for women better in 1924?

A

greater earning power led to more independence for younger, single women

women earned the vote in 1918 and could stand for elections

article 109 stated that women had equal rights to men

marriage was an equal partnership

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26
Q

what changes about Germany after 1918?

A

citizens have more choice for who to vote for (laws, presidents etc)

kasier replaced by a president

the president does not command the army, no more air force

the Reichsrat can no longer vote for a law

the president now appoints and dismisses the Chancellor

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27
Q

what was the Reichstag fire?

A

an arson attack that happned on 27th February 1933

police found Marius Van Der Lubbe a Dutch communist

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28
Q

when did the Nazis win 196 seats?

A

November 1932

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29
Q

when did Hitler become leader of the German workers party?

A

in July 1921

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30
Q

what happened in 1917 in Germany?

A

USA enter WW1

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31
Q

what were the weaknesses of the Weimar constitution?

A

proportional representation led to coalition governments that were unstable or found it difficult to have strong policies and often fell apart

lack of strong government led to weakness in a crisis that ended up with the president passing laws without the prior consent of the Reichstag

it was the choice of the people so was not that popular

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32
Q

how did that actions of the government help Hitler into power?

A

cuts unemployment benefit

this hurts everyone but the very rich

Nazis offer soup kitchens to give free food (makes them seem caring and the government uncaring)

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33
Q

what were the strengths of the Weimar constitution?

A

proportional representation made sure small parties has a fair share of seats

women able to vote as well as men

voting age reduced from 25 to 21

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34
Q

what happened in 1918 in Germany?

A

German sailors muting, November 11th

Kaiser abdicates

november 11th armistice signed

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35
Q

what was the Nazi part originally called?

A

the German workers party

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36
Q

when and how did Hitler come to join the party?

A

in 1919, he was sent as a spy on the ‘left wing’ party this is how he joined

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37
Q

what are right wing and left wing?

A

right wing=extreme nationalism, racism, violence (fascism)

left wing=extreme equality, redistribution of wealth and removal of private ownership (socialism)

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38
Q

what happened in 1919 in Germany?

A

politicians in Germany create the Weimar republic

sportacist uprising; left-wing attempt to seize control of Germany (January)

June, the treaty of Versailles signed

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39
Q

how did the actions of Von Papen and Hindenburg help Hitler into power?

A

Papen convinced Hindenburg to get rid of Schleicher

Von Papen promises Hindenburg that he will ‘push Hitler so far into a corner, he will squeak like a mouse’

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40
Q

what is a democracy and autocracy?

A

democracy=power is divided amongst all people in a country

autocracy=one person ruling a country

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41
Q

when was Hitler appointed chancellor?

A

January 1933

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42
Q

how did the wall street crash and the effects of the depression help Hitler into power?

A

made more people want change and gained popularity of the Nazi party

made the working class appeal to Hitlers ideas

people wanted change and more and more people wanted Hitlers ideas of a better Germany

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43
Q

what were some of the points written on the 25th programme by Hitler?

A 
increase pensions for the elderly
nationalize industries
get rid of the treaty of Versailles
build up Germanys armed forces
everybody should have a job
all citizens should have equal rights and duties
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44
Q

what was the enabling act?

A

in March 23rd 1933 Hitler earned full power over other parties in the Reichstag, he used article 72 to do this

the SDD left with the communists

during voting the SA surrounded the remaining voters holding guns

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45
Q

how did Hitlers speeches and charisma help him into power?

A

people believed in what he spoke about

he persuaded the president of Bursaria to release the ban on the Nzi party

he persuaded Gregor Strasser and Joseph Guebbels to step down as leader

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46
Q

how did the Nazi propaganda and actions help Hitler into power?

A

the current situation was making more and more people (rich) to want more

gave the Nazi party control of some factories and businesses

promised bread and jobs to workers

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47
Q

what countrys did Germany owe reperations to and why?

A

France and Belgium because of the damages done in the war by Germany

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48
Q

what is article 48?

A

in an emergency the president could make laws without goimg to the reichstag first

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49
Q

what was the prevention of herditary diseased offspring law?

A

introduced in 1933, mentally handicapped people were steralised (babies were killed)

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50
Q

when did the Nazis impose laws and restrictions?

A

1935-38

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51
Q

give ways in which the Nazis broke the concordat?

A

began to restrict the catholic churches role in education (in 1939 were destroyed)

started arresting priests in 1935

catholic youth groups were disbannded

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52
Q

what is a statistic for unemployment?

A

unemployment had dropped from 4.8 million in 1933 to 0.3 million in 1939

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53
Q

how were people better off with the standard of living?

A

more jobs with more men in work

car ownership increased

average wages rose by 20% comapred to 1933

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54
Q

how were people worse off with the standard of living?

A

invisable unemployment meant that many were still unemployed

only high earners could afford cars

with the banning of trade unions workers had few rights and worked long hours increased by 6 hours in 1939

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55
Q

what did children to to rebel against the Nazi policies?

A

talked about sex

listened to English and American music

fought with Hitler youth

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56
Q

what was the bible replaced with?

A

Mein kampf

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57
Q

what was the cross replaced with?

A

the swastika

58
Q

what and when was the dawes plan?

A

in 1924

germany loaned 800 million marks from America

this meant they could start to pay back reperations again

therefore the French left the Ruhr

sparked the recovery of the German economy

59
Q

what are some Nazi policies on women?

A

women should not work, especially those who were married. Many professional women lost their jobs and were replaced by men

women should get married. The marriage law of 1933 initiated the use of vouchers to newly married couples if the women agreed to stop working

60
Q

what did Dietrich Bonhoeffer do to oppose the Nazi party?

A

a protestant who joined the resistance, helped Jews escape from Nazi Germany and planned to assasinate Hitler

61
Q

what did Martin Niemoeller do to oppose the nazi party?

A

set up the confessing church for protestants who were opposed to the Nazis

he spoke out in protest at the persecution of church members in 1937 and spent several years in concentration camps

62
Q

what are some ways Hitler made the 1000 year reich ready to happen?

A

children said a pledge of loyalty to Hitler that they would support him, obey him and die for him

63
Q

what is a statistic for education?

A

32% of teachers by 1936 were also members of the Nazi party itself

64
Q

what did children informing on parents do?

A

made parents afraid of children

breaks bonds

makes children feel powerful

65
Q

what were some factors of the ideal women?

A

wear traditional clothes

to be fair haired and blue eyes (aryan)

to stay at home and not go to work

66
Q

what did Stresemann do?

A

stengthend the confidence of the German people

reduced the support for extremist political parties

increased support for moderate parties

67
Q

what was Stresemann apart of?

A

kellogg briand pact

league of nations

the locarno pact

68
Q

why was the kellogg briand pact good for Germany?

A

it showed that Germany was once again a major power

69
Q

when did Stresemann quit as chancellor?

A

in 1929

70
Q

how many followers did Hitler youth have in 1933?

A

2 million

71
Q

what kind of paintings did the Nazis like?

A

realistic paintings that fitted with Nazi beliefs

72
Q

what were some ways the nazi party controlled education?

A

all teachers had to be part of the teachers association (compulsory after 1933)

religious schools were closed down

taught race studies- differences between certain minorities

physical training for army

had to go to school on saturdays

73
Q

how did the pope retaliate to the breach of the concordat?

A

he spoke out against the Nazis in a letter to catholic churches in Germany

74
Q

what were some ways Hitler made Lebensrawn ready to happen?

A

parents were given a passport, had 12 spaces for children (encouragment for women to have many children)

children had to say a pledge of loyalty to Hitler that they would support him, obey him and die for him

taught that the strong are better than the weak
any sign of weakness was laughed at

75
Q

what was the national labour service?

A

from July 1935 it was compulsory for all men aged 18-25 to serve for 6 months on this scheme

worked on job creation schemes and public work
hated it

76
Q

who were included in ‘invisable unemployment’?

A

jews being forced out of jobs

women being dismissed or leaving their jobs

unmarried men under 25 doing national labour service

opponents of the regime who were sent to concentration camps

77
Q

what were job creation schemes?

A

Nazis put money into large projects

  • construction
  • motorways
  • public buildings
  • sports facilities
78
Q

what did Clemens August Von Galen do to oppose the Nazi party?

A

the Catholic bishop who spoke out against Nazi racism and the euthanasia of the disabled

79
Q

what were race farms?

A

where aryan men and women met to have aryan children (SS were central)

80
Q

what did BDM stand for?

A

Bundes Dentsche Madchen

81
Q

what happened in parades?

A

adults salue children:

-makes them feel powerful

82
Q

what were the aims of Hitler?

A
  • Lebensrawn
  • Volksgemeinschraft
  • 1000 year reich
83
Q

what were some examples of rebellion groups in Germany?

A

swing kids

egeweiss pirates

84
Q

what is a quote from Hitler?

A

‘those who appose me I don’t care I have your children’

85
Q

what did the Nazi party do to people who could not afford Hitler youth?

A

they gave free uniform which increases membership

86
Q

how successful was the policy where women should get married?

A

the number of marriages did increase but it is not clear if this was due to Nazi policies

87
Q

why did Hitler want to get people working?

A

if they were poor and hungry they might turn to other political parties for help

were believed by the Nazis to be a waste of valuable resources

88
Q

how did the swing kids oppose the Nazis?

A

they acted in a way that the nazis disapproved of

89
Q

how did the Nazis support women?

A

giving out the motherhood cross to women who had many children

offered financial assistance to couples to help them afford to get married

90
Q

what were the German labour front?

A

the DAF replaced trade unions workers had to be members

91
Q

how did Hitler youth control young children?

A

seperated children from parents:
-informed on parents

the timetable for school didn’t leavr time for family

gives children from poorer familes a holiday

developed aggression for war

clearly there was a level of success as intelligent young people were happy to die for Hitler

92
Q

what did Stresemann do?

A

called off the German workers strike

brought in a new currency called the Rentenmark

created a coalition of moderate parties in the reichstag that agree to work together

93
Q

name 3 church members that opposed the Nazis

A

Martin Niemoeller
Dietrich Bonhoeffer
Clemens August Von Galen

94
Q

what was the burning of the books?

A

Hitler told children to burn any books that weren’t Nazi supportive, this meant that jewish and other religious books were destroyed

95
Q

what type of music did the Nazis not like?

A

jazz/modern classical music/anything written by a Jewish composer

96
Q

what happened on the 7th November 1938?

Kristallnacht

A

a 17 year old Polish Jew entered the German embassy in Paris and shot a German Nazi diplomat protesting the treatment of Jews (e.g his family)

97
Q

what happened on the 8th November 1938?

Kristallnacht

A

Goebbels used the event to stir up resentment against Jews by attacking homes in Handover

98
Q

why did German people let Jews get persecuted?

A

long standing distrust of Jews

Nazi propoganda

99
Q

what are some numbers for Kristallnacht?

A 
100 Jews were killed
814 shops were destroyed
171 homes were destroyed
191 synagogues were destroyed
25,000 Jews were sent to concentration camps
100
Q

what was the beauty of Labour?

A

aimed to improve conditions by reducing noise in the workplace, providing canteens
-workers had to construct these in their spare time

101
Q

what happened on the 9th November 1938?

Kristallnacht

A

Goebbels and Hitler decided to increase the violence to a nationwide attack

102
Q

what hapened as a consequence of the Kristallnacht?

A

Jews were blamed for starting trouble

  • Jews were fined 1 billion marks for damages
  • had to clean up
103
Q

why were Jews persecuted?

A
  • jealous of their success
  • used as scapegoats for Germanys problems
  • blamed for Germanys defeat in WW1 and the treaty of versailles
104
Q

what happened on the 9-10th November 1938?

Kristallnacht

A

group of unid=formed and non uniformed gangs ran amok amongst Jewish communities destroying and burning shops and homes

105
Q

what was the strength through joy?

A

aimed to increase productivity by making workers happy

-provided low cost or free activities

106
Q

how successful was the policy where women should not work?

A

during 1933-36 the number of employed women fell

107
Q

what were some unsuccessful things during Stresemann?

A

the hated terms of the treaty of versailles were still in place

there were still extremist parties around

108
Q

why was the locarno pact good for Germany?

A

it improved relations with France with the border agreement

109
Q

what and when was the young plan?

A

in 1929

reperations reduced from 6.6 billion to 2 billion

Germany are given an extra 59 years to pay

German government were able to reduce taxes and therfore people had more money to spend

contributed to the recovery of Germanys economy

110
Q

what and when was the Locarno pact?

A

in 1925

Germany, France and Belgium agreed not to attack each other

the UK and Italy promised to help any of the three countries if an attack ever occured

it helped other countries begin to trust Germany again

helped Germany gain admittance to the league of nations

111
Q

what did the Nazi party do to fight rebellion?

A

curfews were set at 9:00pm

smoking in public places was band

if these were broken they were either forced to fo manual labour or were killed

112
Q

when and what were the protestant churches merged to form?

A

in 1936 to form the reich church

113
Q

what was the Nazi hierachy?

A 
aryans
other white western europeans
eastern europeans
black people and gypsies
Jews
114
Q

what happened to homosexuals?

A

were sent to prisons or concrentration camps and subjected to medical experiments to correct their ‘disorder’

115
Q

what was the nuremburg law?

A

1935 banned aryans marrying gypsies black people or jews

116
Q

what are some examples of Hitler youth?

A

the pimpf for boys aged 6-10 years old

117
Q

what were some ways Hitler made volksgemeinschaft ready to happen?

A

when you went to registor the name of your child there were names that were forebidden (certain Jewish and commuist names)

children who were considered unwell, if there condition did not improve they were taken to an asylum where they were killed

118
Q

how many seats did the Nazis win in 1928?

A

12 seats

119
Q

how much were reperations?

A

6.6 billion

120
Q

why was the league of nations good for Germany?

A

it showed that Germanys views counted

121
Q

what and when was the kellogg briand pact?

A

in 1928

an agreement between 65 countries including Germany that they would not use war to settle disputes

instead they would call for the peaceful settlement of disputed

this helped countries further their trust in Germany

122
Q

what were the positives of the golden twenties?

A

Germany changed culturally and people became more open with their views on politics and daily life

they were becoming more modern and exciting for some people

women gain alot more freedom along with homosexuals (these things were illegal in other parts of the world)

123
Q

what was the book that Hitler wrote?

A

main kampf

124
Q

who was the chancellor of Germany in 1923?

A

Gustav Stresemann

125
Q

when did hyperinflation end?

A

1924

126
Q

when was the wall street crash?

A

1929

127
Q

what were the negatives of the golden twenties?

A

april 1928 there were atleast 180,000 middle class workers without jobs

not many people were affected by the cultural changes that changed Germany

some people were anry at the stray away from traditional views

128
Q

what were the weaknesses of the weimar constitution?

A

proportionl representation to coalition governments that were unstable, or found it difficult to have strong policies and often fell apart

lack of strong government led to weakness in a crisis that ended up with the president passing laws without the prior consent of the reichstag

it was not the choice of the people so was not that popular

129
Q

what happened in 1917 in Germany?

A

USA enter WW1

130
Q

when did Hitler become leader of the German workers party?

A

in July 1921

131
Q

when did the Nazis win 196 seats?

A

November 1932

132
Q

what was the reichstag fire?

A

an arson attack that happened on 27th February 1933

police found Marius Van Der Lubbe a Dutch communist

133
Q

what changes about Germany after 1918?

A

citizens have more choice for who to vote for (laws, presidents etc)

kasier replaced by a president

the president does not command the army, no more air force

the reichsrat can no longer vote for a law

the president now appoints and dismisses the chancellor

134
Q

how was living for women better in 1924?

A

greater earning power led to more independance for younger, single women

women earned the vote in 1918 and could stand for elections

article 109 stated that women had equal rights to men

marriage was an equal partnership

135
Q

how did France and Belgium react when the Germans stopped paying their reperations in 1923?

A

they occupied the Ruhr and helped themselves to the iron and coal there

136
Q

which revolt happened in March 1920?

A

the right wing revolt called the Kapp Putsch

137
Q

how was the standard of living better in 1924?

A

working hours reduced

wages rose

3% of workers earnings were deducted t be put towards insurance

15% rent tax was introduced to fun building associations

between 1925 and 1929 101,000 homes were built

138
Q

what were the negatives of hyperinflation?

A

some people could not afford essentials like bread

wahes rose, but not as quickly as prices

some businesses went bankrupt (those that made money took over the struggling ones)

139
Q

what were some cultural changes in 1924-29?

A

some German films challenged traditional cinema

some art work commented on German society

artiteture challenged traditional ideas

140
Q

who stopped the Kapp Putsch in March 1920?

A

the workers came out on a general strike

141
Q

when was the ruhr invaded and by who?

A

by France and Belgium in 1923 because of Germanys reluctance to pay for reperations (consequence of breaking the treaty of versailles)

142
Q

when were the SA formed?

A

1921

History (3 decks)

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