Weight loss and vomiting & Reguritation

Question 1

The two causes of weight loss with increased appetite.

Answer 1

Diabetes Mellitus

Hyperthyroidism

Question 2

Causes of primary malabsorption. (6)

Answer 2

IBD, Lymphangiectasia, GI Lymphoma, small I bacterial overgrowth, dry feline infectious peritonitus

Question 3

Causes of secondary malabsorption.(3)

Answer 3

Hepatic disease, right sided heart failure, hyperthyroidism.

Question 4

Reasons for weight loss with decreasesd appetite?

2 groups

Answer 4

wont: feel shit (systemic illness), loss of smell, true anorexia (centres of brain affected): pyrexia, neoplasia, stress
Can’t: painful mouth, can’t swollow, prehensile difficulties

Question 5

Causes of maldigestion (4)

Answer 5

Exocrine pancreatic deficiency (most common), secondary enzyme deficiency, bile acid deficiency, loss of brush border enzymes

Question 6

Two reasons for polydipsia (start of refine process not ddx)

Answer 6

Have to: eg: renal dysfunction, dehyrdation, diabetes melitus.
Want to: primary PD

Question 7

Calorie needs for dogs and cats. (2 amounts)

Answer 7

40 kcl per kilo (big dog)

60 kcl per kilo (cat/small dog)

Question 8

refine for weightloss, normal appetite, abnormal faeces.

Answer 8

Maldigestion, malabsorption

Question 9

Normal water intake for an animal?

Answer 9

50 ml per kilo

Question 10

What is main sign of oesophageal disease?

Answer 10

Reguritation

Question 11

anatomic forms of oesophageal diease? (4)

Answer 11

vascular ring anomaly, cricopharyngeal disease, hiatal hernia, diverticulum (pouch formed in oesophagus)

Question 12

sites of obstructive oesophageal disease? (3)

Answer 12

mural (stricture), luminal (foreign body), extraluminal (mass)

Question 13

causes of oesophaitis? (3)

Answer 13

trauma, reflux (anaesthesia), irritaion

Question 14

Motility disorders that cause oesophageal disease? (3)

Answer 14

megaoesophagus, neuropathy,myopahy

Question 15

3 most common causes of oesophageal disease?

Answer 15

oesophagitis, foreign body, megaoesophagus

Question 16

Clinical signs of regurgitation? (6)

Answer 16

Hypersalivation, odynophagia (pain on eating), anorexia, dysphagia, nasal discharge, coughing

Question 17

Mel is a ?

Answer 17

<==3

Question 18

Signs it is vomting? (5)

Answer 18

abdominal effort, prodromal nausea, usually digested food, no swollowing pain, alkaline or acidic

Question 19

signs it is reguritation?

Answer 19

passive, no nausea, undigested food, possibly painful, usually alkaline

Question 20

Most useful diagnostic for oesphageal disease?

Answer 20

Imaging

Question 21

common causes of megaoesophagus? (4)

Answer 21

idiopathic, myasthenia gravis, thyoma, hypoadrencortism

Question 22

What are the 6 primary causes of vomiting?

Answer 22

Dietary (indiscretion, intolerance, hypersensivity)
infection (parvo,parasites)
inflammatory disease (gastritis,IBD, ulceration)
neoplasia
obstruction (neoplasia, foreign body, gastric hypertrophy)
motility disorders/ gastric volvulous

Question 23

6 secondary causes of vomiting

Answer 23

uraemia, addison’s disease, hepatic disease, pancreatitis (dogs mostly) toxin ingestion, drugs

Question 24

What does omeprazole do?

Answer 24

proton pump inhibitor

Question 25

Reason to use Sucralfate?

Answer 25

Provides protective barrier to stomach. (oesophageal and gastric ulceration)

Question 26

When would you use an anti-emetic?

Answer 26

When vomiting is debilitating. (Painful/ marked fluid and electrolyte loss)

Question 27

maropitant? (anti-emetic)

Answer 27

v.potent, can prevent all cases of vomiting, might miss underlying cause. Neurokinin-1 R antagonist

Question 28

Ondansetron? (anti-emetic)

Answer 28

best for chemo induced nausea and vomiting, very expenive. 5-HT3-Serotonergic antagonist.

Question 29

Metoclopramide? (anti-emetic)

Answer 29

antagonises D2-dopaminergic and 5-HT3 receptors in the CRTZ and peripheral cholinergic effects. Upper GI prokinetic agent.