Weight loss

Question 1

What % of their BW should horses eat per day?

Answer 1

2.5%

1% minimum

Question 2

Equine alimentary lymphoma can be generalised or solitary and in any age groups. What paraneoplastic syndromes are associated with this?

Answer 2

Hypercalcaemia
Haemolytic anaemia
Cachexia

Question 3

Are steroids a way of treating equine alimentary lymphoma?

Answer 3

No - NOT responsive to steroids

Question 4

Signs of equine alimentary lymphoma include fever, weight loss, peritonitis, pleural effusion, masses and distension. What age groups are affected?

Answer 4

ANY age group

Question 5

Equine gastric ulcer syndrome is very common in training horses. What breed have the highest incidence?

Answer 5

TBs

Question 6

A horse is presented for poor performance, weight loss, selective appetite, slow eating, bad behaviour and eating roughage rather than grain. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 6

Equine gastric Ulcer syndrome

Question 7

What is the treatment for equine gastric ulcers?

Answer 7

Omeprazole (high doses for squamous, lower doses for glandular)
Dietary supplements
Misoprostal (prostaglandin analogue)
Ranitidine
Sucralfate

Question 8

What are the risk factors for Equine GLANDULAR gastric ulcer syndrome (EGGUS)?

Answer 8

Stress

NSAID use

Question 9

What are the risk factors for equine SQUAMOUS gastric ulcer syndrome (ESGUS)?

Answer 9

Acid injury:

Splashing during exercise, intermittent feeding with high concentrate diets

Question 10

How do the pHs differ of the glandular and squamous portions of the equine stomach?

Answer 10

Glandular pH 1.8 (acidic)

Squamous pH 5.4

Question 11

How can you tell the difference between glandular and squamous ulcers on gastroscopy?

Answer 11

Glandular = red colour
Squamous = yellow

Question 12

Inflammatory/infiltrative bowel diseases are due to malabsorption and PLE syndromes. Give examples of IBD causes

Answer 12

Granulomatous enteritis
Lymphocytic-plasmocytic enteritis
Eosinophilic enteritis
Alimentary lymphoma
Multisystemic infiltrative bowel diseases (e.g., multi systemic eosinophilic epitheloptrophic disease)

Question 13

What results may be seen in bloods with inflammatory/infiltrative bowel disease?

Answer 13

Hypoalbuminaemia

Reduced glucose absorption test <85%

Question 14

How is IBD in horses diagnosed?

Answer 14

Ultrasound
Biopsy (inflammatory cells in intestinal wall)

Question 15

IBD in horses has fairly non-specific treatments. Give examples

Answer 15

Steroids (if immune mediated - lymphocytic/plasmocytic enteritis)
Dexamethasone, prednisolone
Anthelmintics

Question 16

What organs are affected in multi-systemic infiltrative bowel diseases? E.g. multi systemic eosinophilic epitheliotrophic disease

Answer 16

GI organs
Skin
Coronary bands
Pancreas
Liver

Question 17

What haematological changes are seen with parasites?

Answer 17

Neutrophilia
Hypoalbuminaemia
Hyperglobulinaemia
(NOT EOSINOPHILIA IN HORSES)

Question 18

Faecal egg worm counts in horses are never 0, but what should they be under?

Answer 18

<400

Question 19

What are the risk factors for GI parasites?

Answer 19

Age (<5 or >15)
No faecal collection
Poor pasture management and stocking density
Resistance

Question 20

What is the equine tapeworm called?

Answer 20

Anoplocephala perfoliata

Question 21

What types of colic are associated with the equine tapeworm (Anoplocephala perfoliata)?

Answer 21

Spasmodic colic
Ileal intussusceptions
Caecal impactions

Question 22

How are equine tapeworms (Anoplocephala perfoliata) diagnosed?

Answer 22

ELISA of saliva

Question 23

Which equine parasite is often an incidental finding?

Answer 23

Gasterophilus intestinalis

Question 24

What is the treatment for the equine tapeworm (Anoplocephala perfoliata)?

Answer 24

Praziquantel

Or double dose pyrantel

Question 25

What part of the GI system are strongyles found in?

Answer 25

Colon

Question 26

Where are specific large strongyles found? (Originate from large intestine)

Answer 26

Strongylus vulgaris - cranial mesenteric artery | Strongylus edentatus - in hepatic ligaments/flank

Question 27

What conditions do large strongyles cause?

Answer 27

Verminous arteritis | Thromboembolic colic

Question 28

What treatment is most effective for strongyles?

Answer 28

Ivermectin, moxidectin

Question 29

What are small strongyles also known as?

Answer 29

Cyathostomins

Question 30

Cyathostomins/small strongyles cause inflammation of what layer of the colon?

Answer 30

Submucosal inflammation

Question 31

What is the roundworm in foals called?

Answer 31

Parascaris equorum

Question 32

Where is Parascaris equoroum found (roundworm in foals)?

Answer 32

Small intestine Liver Lung

Question 33

Parascaris equorum roundworms are a common cause of colic. What stage of the parasite causes respiratory disease?

Answer 33

Migrating larvae

Question 34

How is Parascaris equorum diagnosed?

Answer 34

Faecal egg counts | Worms in faeces

Question 35

How is Parascaris equorum treated?

Answer 35

Fenbendazole

Question 36

Oxyuris equi is found in what portion of the GI tract? What ages are affected?

Answer 36

Large intestine | All age groups

Question 37

A horse has severe perianal irritation. What is the most likely parasitic cause?

Answer 37

Oxyuris equi

Question 38

How is oxyuris equi controlled/treated?

Answer 38

Treat with moxidectin and praziquantel Perianal washing Clean environment Quarantine, FEC and worm new stock

Question 39

How is Oxyuris equi prevented in young stock?

Answer 39

Worm with praziquantel and moxidectin in Autumn | Again 3 months later if still high FEC