Weeks 9 & 10 - Late adulthood & End of life

Question 1

Which of these measures of fluid intelligence decline steeply throughout adulthood?
a. Vocabulary
b. Numeric ability
c. Perceptual speed
d. Spatial orientation

Answer 1

c. Perceptual speed

Question 2

Increasingly, researchers ____________
a. view old age as a period of decline
b. view heredity as more influential than the environment
c. see development as a perpetually ongoing process
d. assume that development largely is completed by adolescence

Answer 2

c. see development as a perpetually ongoing process

Question 3

Your co-worker was talking about how, after the academic year, he is going back to Japan for his grandmother’s kanreki. What is the purpose of this ritual?
a) to celebrate her 50th anniversary
b) to celebrate the birth of her first grandson
c) to celebrate her professional accomplishments as she enters retirement
d) to celebrate her freedom from previous
responsibilities and elevate her to a respected status as an elder

Answer 3

a) to celebrate her 50th anniversary

Question 4

Dr hoy studies memory changes with age, as well as interventions to improve memory among those over age 65. it is most likely that Dr hoy is a(n):
a) biopsychologist
b) evolutionary psychologist
c) gerontologist
d) psychologist of ageism

Answer 4

c) gerontologist

Question 5

Bertha has a higher __________________ than her younger sister, edna. Despite the fact that Bertha is 89 and her sister is only 72, Bertha is still able to live independently and even takes a daily walk. Unfortunately, edna did not live a healthy lifestyle and is now confined to a wheelchair and needs an aide to help her with many of her activities of daily living.
a) actual lifespan
b) chronological lifespan
c) old-age dependency ratio
d) functional age

Answer 5

d) functional age

Question 6

Developing countries are faced with difficult challenges in the decades ahead due to the rising old-age dependency ratio. The country with the most serious problem of all is __________________.
a) China
b) Japan
c) South Africa
d) Australia

Answer 6

b) Japan

Question 7

the old-age dependency ratio (oaDr) refers to the number of __________________.
a) elderly people living independently compared to the number in nursing homes
b) elderly people with chronic illnesses compared to the number without any illnesses
c) elderly people living with extended family compared to the number living with just a spouse
d) people aged 65 or older compared to the number of people aged 20–64

Answer 7

d) people aged 65 or older compared to the number of people aged 20–64

Question 8

During late adulthood, __________________.
a) veins become less visible as a result of the increase in fat layers of the skin
b) height slowly declines for women, but not for men
c) body weight increases from middle adulthood because few older adults exercise
d) loss of bone mass in the jaw makes the face look thinner

Answer 8

d) loss of bone mass in the jaw makes the face look thinner

Question 9

Your mother has quite a bit of grey hair. She told you that she first started to go grey when she was 32 and keeps getting greyer each year. Which of the following explains why your mother’s hair keeps on greying?
a) People who grey prematurely experience more greying than others who go grey later in life.
b) Grey pigments occur more frequently in older adults.
c) Grey pigments are more concentrated in fair-skinned older adults.
d) as we age, there is a loss of the pigment that provides colour to the hair.

Answer 9

d) as we age, there is a loss of the pigment that provides colour to the hair.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of primary ageing?
a) cardiovascular disease
b) Alzheimer’s disease
c) Wrinkled skin caused by years of sun tanning
d) Greying and thinning of the hair

Answer 10

d) Greying and thinning of the hair

Question 11

after your mother’s operation, she was relieved that all the colours on the television seem more vivid and the headlights on cars now look white again, rather than cloudy. She most likely had surgery for __________________.
a) macular degeneration
b) cataracts
c) glaucoma
d) tinnitus

Answer 11

b) cataracts

Question 12

Kareem’s father complains about having to wear a continuous positive airway pressure (cpap) device at night because it makes it hard for him to sleep. he most likely has __________________.
a) insomnia
b) an REM sleep-related disorder
c) tinnitus
d) sleep apnoea

Answer 12

d) sleep apnoea

Question 13

eloise has been studying the ageing process in her health class. She is dreading getting ________________, a common chronic health problem of late adulthood for which there is no cure, because her grandparents both had it and seemed to be in a lot of pain all the time.
a) osteoporosis
b) hypertension
c) colon cancer
d) arthritis

Answer 13

d) arthritis

Question 14

Your grandmother is 78 and just found out that her osteoporosis has become much worse. For her birthday, you thought you would get her a gift to help improve her bone density. What gift should you give her?
a) Weights to carry with her on her walk
b) a gift certificate to the organic meat market
c) a yoga mat and a video with stretching exercises
d) a gift certificate for zumba classes

Answer 14

a) Weights to carry with her on her walk

Question 15

arthritis __________________.
a) is caused by a steep drop in oestrogen
b) affects more men than women
c) is caused by excess exercise in previous decades
d) has no cure

Answer 15

d) has no cure

Question 16

Which of the following is trUe regarding influences on health in late adulthood?
a) Participation in exercise increases slightly after age 65 as people have more leisure time.
b) aerobic exercise enhances cognitive functioning.
c) older adults have more car crashes than 16- to 20-year-olds do, but their crashes are less likely to be fatal.
d) smoking rates in new zealand and other developed countries have increased in the past few decades as a result of more aggressive marketing campaigns.

Answer 16

b) aerobic exercise enhances cognitive functioning.

Question 17

Beyond infant and child mortality, which of the following makes up the vast difference in life expectancy between developed and developing countries?
a) access to health care in late adulthood
b) the degree of physical labour required of jobs
c) carcinogens and toxins in the environment
d) the type of diet

Answer 17

a) access to health care in late adulthood

Question 18

Memory for where a piece of information is acquired is known as __________________.
a) semantic memory
b) working memory
c) procedural memory
d) source memory

Answer 18

d) source memory

Question 19

Which of the following would you expect a late adult to do best?
a) tune out irrelevant information
b) Keep track of more than one information source simultaneously
c) concentrate on a task for an extended period of time
d) Remember factual information

Answer 19

d) Remember factual information

Question 20

When you are reminiscing with your grandfather, you notice that he tends to remember more events from when he was age __________________, probably because so many important life events took place during those years.
a) 5-15
b) 10-30
c) 25-40
d) 40-60

Answer 20

b) 10-30

Question 21

__________________ are especially at risk of
developing alzheimer’s disease.
a) highly educated people
b) African Americans
c) those with a history of high blood pressure
d) individuals who eat a lot of fish and olive oil

Answer 21

b) African Americans

Question 22

Which of the following statements about Alzheimer’s disease is true?
a) life expectancy following diagnosis of Alzheimer’s is about 10 years for men and 15 years for women.
b) eating a Mediterranean diet increases the risk of developing Alzheimer’s because of an associated protein deficiency.
c) there is no evidence of a genetic basis of Alzheimer’s disease.
d) there is no cure for Alzheimer’s.

Answer 22

d) there is no cure for Alzheimer’s.

Question 23

Which of the following has been found in research about wisdom?
a) Wisdom correlates strongly with brain size.
b) Wisdom is negatively correlated with educational levels.
c) People who hold leadership positions are more likely to score lower in wisdom.
d) Wisdom is generally unrelated to age.

Answer 23

d) Wisdom is generally unrelated to age.

Question 24

Which of the following is true regarding research on wisdom?
a) People who hold leadership positions are more likely than others to score high on measures of wisdom.
b) there has been no empirical research conducted on wisdom because researchers disagree about how it should be measured.
c) the construct of wisdom has only been studied in new zealand.
d) Wisdom increases as people get older, but it increases more for men than for women.

Answer 24

a) People who hold leadership positions are more likely than others to score high on measures of wisdom.

Question 25

Which of the following did Baltes define as ‘expertise in the conduct and meaning of life’? a) enlightenment b) dialectical thinking c) Post-formal thinking d) Wisdom

Answer 25

d) Wisdom

Question 26

When renowned pianist Arthur Rubinstein was asked how he managed to maintain a reputation as one of the world’s top concert pianists well into late adulthood, he explained that he had reduced the range of pieces he played, practised each the remaining pieces more and learned to play very slowly just before beginning a fast passage to make the contrast more effective, since he could not play as fast as when he was younger. Arthur Rubinstein’s behaviours are an illustration of __________________. a) improved procedural memory with age b) selective optimisation with compensation c) habituation d) dishabituation

Answer 26

b) selective optimisation with compensation

Question 27

interventions to determine whether cognitive decline can be prevented or even reversed __________________. a) have only been conducted with cross-sectional studies b) found that only men show significant improvement c) found that only men and women from asian australian backgrounds show improvement d) resulted in significant improvement for a substantial proportion of individuals

Answer 27

d) resulted in significant improvement for a substantial proportion of individuals

Question 28

__________________ are more common in late adulthood than at earlier ages. a) sex differences in gender roles b) sex differences in self-esteem c) Positive emotions d) negative emotions

Answer 28

c) Positive emotions

Question 29

John grew up in a small town and has gone to every high school reunion, despite moving across the country. Based on the research, at which reunion would he be the least self-conscious and more accepting of his past and present selves? a) his 5th-year reunion b) his 10th-year reunion c) his 30th-year reunion d) his 50th-year reunion

Answer 29

d) his 50th-year reunion

Question 30

Drawing upon research studies, which of the following individuals is least likely to report symptoms of major depressive disorder? a) Carmen, a 14-year-old b) Robert, a 23-year-old c) Maren, a 48-year-old d) Charlotte, a 68-year-old

Answer 30

d) Charlotte, a 68-year-old

Question 31

according to socioemotional selectivity theory, __________________. a) people experience more negative emotions as they get older b) shrinking social networks in adulthood are by choice c) the elderly tend to withdraw from society due to increased rates of depression in late adulthood d) the older we get, the more important it becomes to acquire knowledge and become less emotional

Answer 31

b) shrinking social networks in adulthood are by choice

Question 32

Older adults maximise their emotional well-being by becoming increasingly selective in their __________________. a) Career choices b) Choice of cognitive activities c) Physical activities d) Social contacts

Answer 32

d) Social contacts

Question 33

Mrs Bourdeau is an Australian widow with a married son and a married daughter. if she becomes ill, she is likely to be cared for by __________________. a) her best friend, who is also a widow b) her oldest child c) her son and daughter equally d) her daughter or daughter-in-law

Answer 33

d) her daughter or daughter-in-law

Question 34

Jane recently moved her mother into a(n) __________________ and was relieved that she was actually enjoying it there. each person has a separate unit, but residents are provided with meals in a common dining area. transportation is available for shopping and medical appointments, but Jane has been able to arrange her schedule so that she can take her mother to her doctors’ appointments. a) nursing home b) assisted-living facility c) group home d) hospice care centre

Answer 34

b) assisted-living facility

Question 35

Which of the following best describes late adulthood relationships in Western culture? a) marital satisfaction is almost as high as it was in middle adulthood. b) Women are more likely than men to become depressed after a spouse dies. c) Rates of remarriage in late adulthood are higher than in middle adulthood because children are less likely to be living in the same household. d) the risk of death after the loss of a spouse is greater for men than for women.

Answer 35

d) the risk of death after the loss of a spouse is greater for men than for women.

Question 36

retirement satisfaction tends to be especially high for __________________. a) women b) men c) well-educated people who had high-status jobs d) people who have children who live nearby

Answer 36

c) well-educated people who had high-status jobs

Question 37

Older north americans __________________. a) who are higher in religious practices are more likely to have mental health problems b) who are higher in religious practices are more likely to have physical health problems c) report higher religious beliefs and practices if they are male than if they are female d) are more religious than their younger counterparts

Answer 37

d) are more religious than their younger counterparts

Question 38

Older adults in developed countries __________________. a) are the group most likely to be receiving assistance from the state b) are the wealthiest segment of the population c) are now more likely to be living in extended-family households than in the past d) usually perform a ritual celebrating the person’s freedom from previous responsibilities

Answer 38

b) are the wealthiest segment of the population

Question 39

The old-age dependency ratio __________________. a) is not a problem for countries with low fertility rates b) is lowest in Japan, where individuals retire in their 70s c) is not an immediate problem in the United States because its population is growing due to immigration d) is highest in developing countries, particularly in africa

Answer 39

c) is not an immediate problem in the United States because its population is growing due to immigration

Question 40

During late adulthood, __________________. a) bones thicken in women b) body weight increases from middle adulthood because few older adults exercise c) many people develop age spots d) veins become less visible as skin thickens

Answer 40

c) many people develop age spots

Question 41

Which is the most common vision impairment in late adulthood? a) Macular degeneration b) cataracts c) tinnitus d) Glaucoma

Answer 41

b) cataracts

Question 42

Which of the following best describes how sleep patterns change during late adulthood? a) Women in late adulthood often experience sleep apnoea, but the disorder is rare among men. b) people experience changes in sleep, but these changes are not correlated with psychological problems, such as depression, as they were in earlier parts of the life span. c) people have fewer sleep problems than they did earlier in their lives because they no longer have the daily stress associated with work and children. d) people sleep less deeply than they did when they were younger.

Answer 42

d) people sleep less deeply than they did when they were younger.

Question 43

Arthritis is usually caused by __________________. a) a steep drop in oestrogen b) a sedentary lifestyle c) long-time use of the joints d) a diet low in protein

Answer 43

c) long-time use of the joints

Question 44

Which statement best describes exercise habits in late adulthood? a) older adults exercise more often than midlife adults because they have fewer family obligations. b) eighty-five to ninety-five per cent of adults over age 65 never engage in vigorous exercise. c) Doctors do not recommend exercise for this age group. d) aerobic exercise is not advised because it increases the risk of a heart attack.

Answer 44

b) eighty-five to ninety-five per cent of adults over age 65 never engage in vigorous exercise.

Question 45

__________________ shows relatively little decline in late adulthood. a) Procedural memory b) Working memory c) Selective attention d) Divided attention

Answer 45

a) Procedural memory

Question 46

__________________ is a protective factor against developing Alzheimer’s disease. a) Being of african heritage b) regular physical activity c) abstaining from all alcohol d) having the ApoE gene

Answer 46

b) regular physical activity

Question 47

How is wisdom related to age, according to research? a) Wisdom is at its peak during the university years. b) Wisdom is only attained when you reach late adulthood. c) Wisdom is generally unrelated to age. d) Wisdom declines after early adulthood.

Answer 47

c) Wisdom is generally unrelated to age.

Question 48

Mary has always loved to sew, but at age 80, she now sews only a few items of clothing per year, follows simple patterns and uses a machine instead of stitching by hand. This is an example of __________________. a) improved procedural memory with age b) better divided attention among experts c) selective optimisation with compensation d) faster reaction times of older experts compared to their younger counterparts

Answer 48

c) selective optimisation with compensation

Question 49

Which statement best describes emotions during late adulthood? a) emotions during this period fluctuate greatly depending on the time of year. b) Late adults are often severely depressed and isolated. c) negative emotions are high due to health issues. d) positive emotions are more common in late adulthood than at earlier ages.

Answer 49

d) positive emotions are more common in late adulthood than at earlier ages.

Question 50

According to __________________, shrinking social networks in adulthood are by choice. a) selective optimisation with compensation b) primary ageing theory c) Erikson’s theory d) socioemotional selectivity theory

Answer 50

d) socioemotional selectivity theory

Question 51

Mrs Chang is a Chinese woman in her 80s who is no longer able to live independently. With whom is she most likely to live? a) her niece b) her eldest daughter c) her eldest son d) her son or daughter, whomever lives closest to her

Answer 51

c) her eldest son

Question 52

Julia is a 92-year-old woman living in Canada. She would be most likely to be living in a nursing home if she has a(n) __________________ cultural background. a) Asian b) European c) African d) Latino

Answer 52

b) European

Question 53

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the loss of a spouse? a) the risk of death after the loss of a spouse is greater for men than for women. b) the risk of death after the loss of a spouse is greater for women than for men. c) Women are more likely than men to become depressed after a spouse dies. d) Depressive symptoms are not common, and if they occur, they typically disappear within a month after the death.

Answer 53

a) the risk of death after the loss of a spouse is greater for men than for women.

Question 54

Which of the following is TRUE regarding work and retirement? a) retirement satisfaction tends to be higher among those in lower-status jobs because they feel a sense of relief that they no longer have to go to work every day. b) Most older adults say they would prefer to enter retirement gradually. c) For most older adults, the main reason they work past the traditional ‘retirement age’ is that they need the money. d) Younger adults are more likely to be self-employed than their older counterparts.

Answer 54

b) Most older adults say they would prefer to enter retirement gradually.

Question 55

In late adulthood, religious beliefs are __________________. a) weaker than in middle adulthood because many older adults have become disillusioned with organised religion b) strongest among Europeans c) positively correlated with both mental and physical health d) strong among Christians, but weak among followers of Eastern religions such as Buddhism

Answer 55

c) positively correlated with both mental and physical health

Question 56

In developed countries, __________________ were the dominant cause of death until the early 20th century. a) chronic illnesses b) infectious diseases c) suicides d) injuries

Answer 56

b) infectious diseases

Question 57

Wyatt is a 2-year-old from the eastern states in Australia. His main risk of early death is from __________________. a) paediatric cancer b) motor neurone disease c) complications from an accident d) homicide

Answer 57

c) complications from an accident

Question 58

Within Australia, __________________ has the highest rates of death from heart disease. a) indigenous Australians b) non-indigenous Australians c) immigrants d) Europeans

Answer 58

a) indigenous Australians

Question 59

Mike eats a healthy diet that includes lots of fruit and vegetables, hoping to benefit from their naturally occurring __________________, which promote longevity. a) antibiotics b) free radicals c) telomeres d) antioxidants

Answer 59

d) antioxidants

Question 60

Edna is a healthy, active 103-year-old. considering the findings in a recent study on healthy centenarians, Edna likely has longer __________________ than her centenarian peers who have heart disease, cancer, stroke or diabetes. a) dendrites b) synaptic gaps c) immune responses d) telomeres

Answer 60

d) telomeres

Question 61

In developed countries today, most people die __________________. a) at home b) in a privately funded hospice home c) in nursing homes or assisted living facilities d) in a hospital

Answer 61

d) in a hospital

Question 62

Which of the following is trUe? a) even nearly a year after a home death, family caregivers report that it was relatively easy to not have to be in an institutional setting. b) dying in a hospital usually means that pain will be treated and the person is less likely to be fearful. c) Research on patients who died in hospitals and their families has found that they were amazed and appreciative of the focus on the emotional needs of the patient. d) most people prefer to die at home.

Answer 62

d) most people prefer to die at home.

Question 63

Research on hospice care has found that __________________. a) it is more expensive than standard hospital care b) family members who provide for the dying person with hospice support have better psychological functioning 2 years later compared to family members without hospice support c) it is more common among indigenous Australians, who tend to be more spiritual than other groups d) families of the dying find it more stressful than those who do not rely on hospice care because they feel a loss of control

Answer 63

b) family members who provide for the dying person with hospice support have better psychological functioning 2 years later compared to family members without hospice support

Question 64

Kathy was taking care of her husband, who has been battling colon cancer for 5 years, and had resisted the recommendation of family members to contact a hospice. Based on research, what is the most likely reason she would not accept this help? a) she is a trained medical professional and feels competent managing on her own. b) she is an introvert and is shy about having people come into her home. c) she is concerned that this approach goes against her religious beliefs. d) it means acknowledging that death is imminent.

Answer 64

d) it means acknowledging that death is imminent.

Question 65

Ending chemotherapy treatment for a cancer patient is an example of __________________. a) passive euthanasia b) assisted suicide c) active euthanasia d) a DnR provision

Answer 65

a) passive euthanasia

Question 66

according to Elisabeth Kübler-ross, which of the following is the correct order of emotions that people go through as a response to death? a) denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance b) depression, anger, denial, bargaining and acceptance c) Bargaining, anger, depression, denial and acceptance d) anger, denial, depression, bargaining and acceptance

Answer 66

a) denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance

Question 67

Elliot was recently given the news that his cancer has spread rapidly and that he does not have much longer to live. after a brief period of disbelief, he now says things like, ‘I’m a good person. Why does that guy get to live, and I have to die?’ and, ‘That woman has been smoking for 30 years, and she’s fine. Why am I the one who has to get sick?’ Elliot is clearly in Kübler-ross’s __________________ stage, the second stage of her five proposed stages of responses to imminent death. a) acceptance b) depression c) bargaining d) anger

Answer 67

d) anger

Question 68

Which of the following is a critique of Kübler-ross’s theory? a) the number of stages is insufficient to capture the complexity of responding to imminent death. b) it has not been influential in the care of terminally ill patients in this country. c) she did not collect any data to inform her theory. d) it overlooks the cultural context.

Answer 68

d) it overlooks the cultural context

Question 69

One critique of Kübler-ross’s theory is that it overlooks __________________ as a response to a diagnosis of terminal illness. a) relief b) fear c) anger d) depression

Answer 69

b) fear

Question 70

Some research has shown that a person from __________________ would be most likely to respond to terminal illness and grief by focusing on the ways the prospect of death will change relationships with others. a) Canada b) Australia c) New Zealand d) China

Answer 70

d) China

Question 71

Ruby, a teenager, and her sister, who is only 8 years old, recently lost their grandmother. ruby is more likely than her sister to __________________. a) cry over the loss b) understand that the death is permanent c) grieve d) discuss religious concepts surrounding the death

Answer 71

d) discuss religious concepts surrounding the death

Question 72

Your niece is 4 years old, and her grandfather recently died. When adults in your family speak to her about her grandfather’s death, to avoid being blunt and upsetting her, they will probably tell her that he __________________ a) has passed on b) is dead c) will be back soon d) died in a car accident

Answer 72

a) has passed on

Question 73

Frank is 80 years old and is likely to conduct a _______________, thinking back on his life and accepting both the good and the bad. a) personal fable b) life review c) euphemism d) living will

Answer 73

b) life review

Question 74

research on death anxiety has shown that ________________. a) strength of religious faith is unrelated to level of death anxiety b) younger people talk more about death than older people do because they see it as less of a threat since it is further away c) older adults are more afraid of death than younger age groups because they have witnessed the death of friends and family members d) death anxiety is higher among women than men

Answer 74

d) death anxiety is higher among women than men

Question 75

Research has shown that anxiety about death is highest among those who __________________. a) maintain strong religious faith b) are atheist or agnostic c) are unsure believers or inconsistent participants in religious activities d) believe that they are sinners

Answer 75

c) are unsure believers or inconsistent participants in religious activities

Question 76

Which of the following statements best reflects afterlife beliefs within Australia and New Zealand? a) only a small percentage of Australians and new Zealanders believe in life after death. b) afterlife beliefs are high among Christians but quite low among other religions such as Muslims and Hindus. c) most Australians and New Zealanders are tolerant of different views about religion and the afterlife, believing that many religions can lead to eternal life. d) the rituals associated with death and dying are similar across Australia and new zealand.

Answer 76

c) most Australians and New Zealanders are tolerant of different views about religion and the afterlife, believing that many religions can lead to eternal life.

Question 77

One of your friends tells you that her mother died and she will be sitting shiva. in addition, she must recite a prayer called the Kaddish every day for 11 months. Your friend most likely follows which religion? a) Christianity b) Judaism c) Hinduism d) Buddism

Answer 77

b) Judaism

Question 78

During the Chinese period of Ghost Month, __________________. a) ghosts are free to roam the earth seeking food and entertainment b) families fast to ward off ghosts and evil spirits c) families build shrines to their ancestors d) children receive gifts in honour of the deceased

Answer 78

a) ghosts are free to roam the earth seeking food and entertainment

Question 79

What is the Day of the Dead? a) another name for all Hallows’ Eve, which originated in England. b) in Germany, it is the day when all who have died during the winter are finally buried. c) Part of the period called Ghost Month, which is observed by Buddhists. d) a joyful celebration in Mexico, in which all who have died are remembered.

Answer 79

d) a joyful celebration in Mexico, in which all who have died are remembered.

Question 80

__________________ is/are the dominant cause of death in developing countries today. a) Suicide b) infectious diseases c) heart disease d) chronic conditions such as cancer

Answer 80

b) infectious diseases

Question 81

Within Australia, which ethnic group has the highest rates of death from heart disease? a) European australians b) Indigenous Australians c) Asian Australians d) Greekaustralians

Answer 81

b) Indigenous Australians

Question 82

__________________ has/have sometimes yielded dramatic results in slowing the ageing process, but with some unpleasant side effects including growth of excess hair, liver damage and abnormal growth of facial bones. a) Dhea supplements b) antioxidant supplements c) Kilojoule restriction for over a year d) regular use of growth hormone

Answer 82

d) regular use of growth hormone

Question 83

In developed countries today, what percentage of people die at home? a) there are no records of where people die. b) about 20% c) about 60% d) Less than 5%

Answer 83

d) Less than 5%

Question 84

The focus of hospice care is to __________________. a) offer more intensive medical treatments to help cure life-threatening diseases b) euthanise patients who are in severe pain c) provide emotional support to family members without interacting directly with the patient d) relieve a patient’s pain and suffering and provide care that allows the patient to die with dignity

Answer 84

d) relieve a patient’s pain and suffering and provide care that allows the patient to die with dignity

Question 85

In the initial period following bereavement, grief __________________. a) subsides and the person begins to resume daily activities b) often involves shock, numbness and disbelief c) manifests itself in anger and aggressive behaviour d) follows a predictable sequence of stages

Answer 85

b) often involves shock, numbness and disbelief

Question 86

Parents who experience the death of a child __________________. a) have double the risk of cancer b) experience great distress, but recover from it quickly c) are at a higher risk of divorce d) form a deeper bond with each other and have a stronger marriage as a result

Answer 86

c) are at a higher risk of divorce

Question 87

Which of the following is NOT considered a critique of the theory of Kübler-Ross? a) it overlooks the cultural context. b) it overlooks fear as a response. c) Many people do not go through all five stages. d) it places too much emphasis on cultural and spiritual beliefs.

Answer 87

d) it places too much emphasis on cultural and spiritual beliefs.

Question 88

When Lila’s grandmother died, her parents told her, ‘Grandma has passed on.’ This is an example of __________________. a) ego integrity versus despair b) a life review c) a personal fable d) a euphemism

Answer 88

d) a euphemism

Question 89

For many people, late adulthood is a time of __________________. a) thinking about the life they have lived and coming to an acceptance of it b) high anxiety about death c) distress over the goals they never accomplished d) reluctance in talking or thinking about death

Answer 89

a) thinking about the life they have lived and coming to an acceptance of it

Question 90

Which statement best describes the results of the International Social Survey Programme survey on afterlife beliefs? a) only a small percentage of Australians believe in life after death. b) there was great similarity in afterlife beliefs around the world. c) there was great variability in the proportion of adults responding ‘definitely yes’ to a belief in life after death. d) afterlife beliefs were strongest in European countries.

Answer 90

c) there was great variability in the proportion of adults responding ‘definitely yes’ to a belief in life after death.

Question 91

In which religion is cremation forbidden? a) Islam b) Christianity c) Hinduism d) Buddhism

Answer 91

a) Islam

Question 92

Robert’s sister Angela is very ill and near death. She has asked that a Catholic priest come to her bedside in order to perform what ritual? a) recite a kaddish prayer b) a requiem mass c) anointing of the sick d) perform a vigil

Answer 92

c) anointing of the sick

Question 93

Researchers comparing telomeres of healthy centenarians to a comparison group of their peers with two or more chronic health conditions found that the telomeres of those who were healthy were __________________. a) thicker b) thinner and more brittle c) longer d) shorter

Answer 93

c) longer