Weeks 6-9

Question 1

How do you reflect feelings?

Answer 1

Identify the key emotions from a client and feed them back to clarify affective experience

Question 2

Why do we reflect feelings?

Answer 2

To allow clients to experience and understand their emotional states more fully and talk in more depth about feelings

Question 3

What are the four primary emotions?

Answer 3

Sad, mad, glad, scared

Question 4

What are the two emotions that were added to the primary four?

Answer 4

Disgust and surprise

Question 5

Which four limbic brain structures are central in affective empathy?

Answer 5

Amygdala- takes information from the senses and passes it on
Prefrontal Cortex (PFC)- Labels emotions as feelings and regulates when possible
Hippocampus- memory centre that holds and distributes information throughout the brain
Hypothalamus, pituitary and adrenal glands- important for understanding the physical role of emotion- produce the hormones for our brain and body

Question 6

What are the six steps of reflecting feelings?

Answer 6

1. Sentence stem
2. Feeling
3. Context or brief paraphrase
4. Tense (present) and immediacy
5. Check accuracy
6. Bring out positive stories and emotions to counter negatives and difficulties

Question 7

What are macro non-verbals

Answer 7

Clear indication of some difficulty in talking about the issue
e.g. drop eyes downwards, turn away from you

Question 8

What are microexpressions?

Answer 8

Fleeting expressions of concealed emotion that happen really fast (trying to hide them)

Question 9

When tears, rage, despair, joy or exhilaration occur use phrases such as…

Answer 9

I’m here
I’ve been there too
Let it out… that’s` okay
These feelings are just right

Question 10

What physical things happen with positive emotions?

Answer 10

Reinforce neurotransmitters

Dopamine and serotonin increase

Question 11

Describe some of the characteristics that make an ideal relationship between a therapist and a client

Answer 11

• The therapist is able to participate completely in the patient’s communication
• The therapist’s comments are always right in line with what the patient is trying to convey
• The therapist sees the patient as a co-worker on a common problem
• The therapist treats the patient as an equal
• The therapist is well able to understand the patient’s feelings
• The therapist always follows the patient’s line of thought (cognitions)
• The therapist’s tone of voice conveys a complete ability to share the patient’s feelings

Question 12

Describe the five stages of the microskills

Answer 12

1. Empathic relationships
2. Story and strengths
3. Set goals
4. Restory
5. Action plan

Question 13

Who was the creator of the systematic decision making model?

Answer 13

Benjamin Franklin

Question 14

Describe the three steps of the decision making model

Answer 14

1. Identify the problem clearly (action)
2. Generate alternative answers (restory)
3. Decide what action to take (action)

Question 15

What is the basic listening sequence built on?

Answer 15

Attending and observing the client

Question 16

What are the key skills associated with the basic listening sequence?

Answer 16

Using open and closed questions, encouraging, paraphrasing, reflecting feelings and summarising

Question 17

Define internal conflicts

Answer 17

Those that reside primarily within the client’s thoughts and feelings

Question 18

Define external conflicts

Answer 18

Those between the client and the surrounding world

Question 19

Who came up with the theory of ‘stuckness’ and what does it mean?

Answer 19

Fritz Perls

An inability to resolve conflict, reconcile discrepancies, and deal with incongruity

Question 20

Define confrontation

Answer 20

A hostile or argumentative behaviour between opposing persons

Question 21

What are the three steps of empathic confrontation?

Answer 21

1. Identify conflict by observing incongruities, discrepancies, ambivalence, and mixed messages
2. Summarise and clarify issues of internal and external conflict and work towards resolution through further observation and listening skills
3. Determine if what was said affects how clients think and feel about their situations

Question 22

What are the five steps of the Client Change Scale?

Answer 22

1. Denial
2. Partial examination (bargaining and partial acceptance)
3. Full examination but no change (acceptance)
4. Decides to live with incongruity (new solutions)
5. Decides to change from incongruity (transcendence)

Question 23

List and describe the five stages of Cultural identity theory.

Answer 23

1. Conformity stage
   The client may be unaware of racial identity and conforms to what he or she sees as societal expectations
   Corresponds to level 1 of the Client Change Scale
2. Dissonance stage
   The client is aware that something “doesn’t fit” and moves positions as new discoveries are made
   Compares to the partial bargaining of the CSS
3. Resistance and emersion stage
   May move to active resistance
4. Introspection stage
   Clients increasingly think for themselves rather than being embedded in a group view of the world
5. Integrate awareness stage
   A fuller sense of caring for one self and one’s cultural heritage appears

Question 24

Who created the cultural identity theory?

Answer 24

William Cross

Question 25

How is empathic confrontation different to confrontation?

Answer 25

Empathic confrontation involves listening to the client carefully and respectfully and then, seeking to help the client examine their self or situation more fully

Question 26

List a few good places to identify strengths and resources of clients

Answer 26

Significant others
Mutual focus (use we statements)
Immediacy, here and now focus
Counsellor focus
Cultural Environmental Contextual (CEC) focus
Focus on physical health and therapeutic lifestyle issues

Question 27

What does CEC stand for?

Answer 27

Cultural Environmental Contextual focus

Question 28

Why do we use community genograms?

Answer 28

Can give us a good picture of a client’s cultural background and history, enabling us to view the client in a social context

Question 29

List the 7 focus dimensions

Answer 29

Focus on client
Focus on the main theme or problem
Focus on other
Focus on mutual issues
Focus counsellor
Focus on cultural/environmental/contextual issues
Focus on the here and now (immediacy)

Question 30

Define selective attention

Answer 30

The way you listen can and does influence clients’ choice of topics and responses. Listening exclusively to “I” statements affects the way clients talk about their issues.