Weeks 6 & 7 Flashcards
What is ATP?
This stands for Adenosine Tri-Phostphate, ATP being a molecule that allows the cell quick and easy access to energy when need, releasing energy when chemical bonds are broken.
What does ATP comprise of?
1 adenosine and 3 phosphates, but when a phosphate breaks away from that bond it releases energy, now called Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP)
ATP and ADP structure
ATP: Adenosine, 3 phosphates
ADP: Adenosine, 2 phosphates plus one phosphate
The three energy systems
ATP production at top, leading of two ways, on the left is anaerobic and the right is aerobic. Two branches leading of from anaerobic on the left is ATP/PC system then arrow into Lactic Acid system then arrow into Aerobic Energy System.
ATP-CP Energy system
Responsible for short movements lasting 10 seconds for sports like sprinting and jumping.
Lactic Acid system
Doesn’t require oxygen, and is the resynthesised breakdown of carbohydrate and is used for sustained sprints or muscular endurance of about 45-60 sec.
Aerobic Energy system
Requires oxygen, the resynthesised breakdown of carbohydrates, fast and protein, as long as this is provided it could last forever, used for endurance races
Response to increased heart rate
Your body’s demand for oxygen will increase and as a result your heart will proportionally cater for this
Response to increased stroke volume
Stroke volume is the total amount of blood the heart pumps with each beat.
The body’s demand for oxygen increases therefore stroke volume increases proportionally
Response to increased cardiac output
Cardiac output refers to the amount of blood the heart pumps every minute, heart rate x stroke volume.
Body’s demand for oxygen increases and as a result the cardiac output increases proportionally.
Response to blood redistribution
During exercise arteries open up and contract to allow for more or less blood to reach certain areas of the body.
Arteries taking blood will open up (dilate) allowing more blood flow. Arteries taking blood to non active areas contract to reduce blood flow.
Response to increased tidal volume
Tidal volume refers to amount of air inhaled and exhaled during normal respiration.
Increased need for oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide increases tidal volume.
Increased respiratory rate
Inreased need for oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide results in an increased breathing rate.
Increased oxygen uptake
Oxygen uptake is how much your body takes in.
What is the steady state
The amount of oxygen consumed matches the demand of oxygen required to produce energy in the muslces
