weeks 11-15 Flashcards
Why does eating food with alcohol reduce the effect of alcohol?
Food slows the movement of alcohol to the small intestine where most alcohol is absorbed
What are the reasons that alcohol tends to have a greater effect on women than men?
- Men have a higher percentage of water in their bodies than women.
- Men metabolize alcohol faster than women.
- Men tend to be larger than women
(NOT—Men have higher levels of the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase than women)
What is the effect of having a very active alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme?
Less pleasure from drinking alcohol
Why are benzodiazepines used to treat severe alcohol withdrawal?
alcohol and benzodiazepines enhance GABA effects
What is Korsakoff syndrome caused by
alcohol-induced thiamine deficiency
Where are you most likely to find the endocannabinoid anandamide?
Bound to CB1 receptors in the brain
How do endocannabinoids differ from traditional neurotransmitters?
Endocannabinoids are released by post-synaptic neurons and bind to receptors on the presynaptic neuron
What are the two main differences between oral and inhalation administration of cannabis?
Inhalation has higher bioavailability and more rapid onset than oral administration
What is the primary psychoactive compound in cannabis?
THC
What is an effective treatment for epilepsy disorders such as Dravet Syndrome?
CBD
What does tetrodotoxin do to the brain?
it inhibits action potentials by way of blocking Na+ channels
What is the neural mechanism for caffeine’s stimulatory effect?
think receptors, antagonist or agonist?
adenosine receptor antagonist
How does ketamine differ from typical psychedelics such as psilocybin?
ketamine is an NMDA receptor antagonist
Why does the use of anabolic steroids decrease testosterone levels in men?
anabolic steroids inhibit the release of gonadotropin releasing-hormone (GnRH)
Which substance causes the highest incidence of substance use disorder?
alcohol
Which model of substance use disorder is consistent with the statement “People who use drugs have no one to blame but themselves for having a substance use disorder.”?
choice model
Why is substance use disorder so difficult to treat?
relapse is common and difficult to prevent
How does a “drug vaccine” reduce a substance use disorder?
reduces intoxicating effect of drug
What is the goal of a pharmacogenetic approach to substance use disorders?
Reduce the number of people developing a substance use disorder
