Weeks 1-3 Flashcards
voiced sound
vocal folds held to produce vibration
voiceless sound
vocal folds pulled apart
oral sounds
velum is open
nasal sounds
velum is closed
vowels in english are always ____ (voiced/voiceless)
voiced
what does the place of articulation define
location of constriction
bilabial description
upper and lower lip
bilabial consonants
m, p, b
labiodental description
upper teeth, lower lip
labiodental consonants
f, v
dental (interdental) description
tip of tongue, upper front teeth
dental consonants
θ (thin), ð (the)
alveolar description
tongue tip/blade, alveolar ridge
alveolar consonats
t, d, s, z, n, ɹ, l, ɾ
post-alveolar description
tongue blade, post alveolar ridge or front palatal region
post-alveolar consonants
ʃ, ʒ, t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ
palatal description
front of tongue, hard palate
palatal consonants
j
velar description
back of tongue, velum
velar consonants
k, g, ŋ
labiovelar description
rounded lips/back of tongue, velum wall
labiovelar consonants
w
glottal
neutral position of the vocal tract with an open glottis, or complete closure of the vocal folds
glottal consonants
h
manner of articulation definition
degree of constriction
stop (or plosive)
complete constriction of the vocal tract
fricative
narrow constriction
affricate
stop + fricative combined
obstruents
closure + friction
approximants (and sub-catagories)
weak closure (glides, liquids)
glides
palatal approximants, labiovelar approximants
liquids
rhotic approximants, lateral approximants
obstruents
stops, fricatives, affricates
sonorants
approximants, taps/flaps, nasals
stop examples
p, b, t, d, k, g
fricative examples
f, v, θ, ð, s, z, ʃ, ʒ, h
affricate examples
t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ
nasal examples
m, n, ŋ
liquid examples
l, r
glottal examples
w, y
θ
th voiceless (thin, path)
ð
th voiced (the, there)
ʃ
sh (ship)
ʒ
zj (Jacques, pleasure, beige)
dʒ
j (jug, age)
tʃ
ch (church)
ŋ
ng (ring, sing)
j
yuh (yet)
i
ee (bead)
I
ih (bid)
eI
ay (bayed)
ɛ
eh (bed)
æ
a (bad)
ɑ
ah (bot)
ɔ
aw (bawdy)
ʊ
uu (book)
oʊ
oh (bode)
u
ooo (booed)
ʌ
uh (bud)
ɝ
er (bird)
aI
aye (bide)
aʊ
ow(bout)
ɔI
oy (Boyd)
schwa symbol
ə
waveforms graph
shows time on the x-axis, amplitude on the y-axis, measures air pressure
spectrum
takes the amplitude and frequency at a give moment, frequency on x-axis, amplitude on y
formants
places on a spectrum where frequency is amplified (peaks)
view POA for consonants on:
spectogram
at the end of words, English voiceless stops are ____
unreleased
voiced stops in phrase-initial position canonically have ____ VOT
zero
In American English, voiceless stops in phrase-initial position have _______ VOT.
positive
____ have many acoustic characteristics similar to that of vowels and may show substantial movement in F2 and F3.
approximants
T/F: Clear or “light” [l] occurs at the beginning of English syllables, while velarized or “dark” [ɫ] occurs at the end of English syllables.
True
The frequency and amplitude of a wave are
independent of one another
T/F: The wavelength of a wave is inversely related to its frequency.
True
When preceding a vowel, _____ has energy around the region of the formants of that vowel.
h
Two hallmarks of _________are a drop in amplitude and a low formant around ~200 Hz.
nasals
What voiced consonant has the same place of articulation as /t/ and the same manner of articulation as /f/?
z
Voiced fricatives usually have a ________ amplitude than their voiceless counterparts.
lower
After [s], English voiceless stops (/p/, /t/, /k/) are:
unaspirated
If you are interested in looking at specific frequencies in a vowel, you are better off looking at a ________.
spectogram
The fundamental frequency is
the lowest component of a complex wave.
