Weekly Check Point - Movement Disorders Flashcards
Which one of the following is NOT one of the four main motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease?
A. Postural instability
B. Resting tremor
C. Spasticity
D. Bradykinesia
C. Spasticity
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Explanation: The four main motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease are bradykinesia, postural instability, resting tremor, and rigidity. Spasticity is not a primary motor symptom of Parkinson’s disease; it is more commonly associated with conditions such as multiple sclerosis
A 70-year-old male presents with bradykinesia, resting tremor, and rigidity. Which neurotransmitter is primarily deficient in the movement disorder described?
A. Acetylcholine
B. GABA
C. Serotonin
D. Dopamine
D. Dopamine
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Explanation: Parkinson’s Disease is primarily characterized by a deficiency of dopamine in the substantia nigra, leading to the classic motor symptoms of bradykinesia, resting tremor, and rigidity.
Which one of the following is considered the best initial approach to diagnose Parkinson’s disease?
A. Blood tests
B. Neurological examination
C. MRI of the brain
D. Genetic testing
B. Neurological examination
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Explanation: The best initial approach to diagnose Parkinson’s disease is a thorough neurological examination. This includes assessing for the cardinal motor symptoms such as bradykinesia, resting tremor, rigidity, and postural instability. While imaging and other tests can help rule out other conditions, the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease is primarily clinical.
Which one of the following is NOT a common cause of parkinsonism?
A. Stroke
B. Vitamin B12 deficiency
C. Antipsychotic medications
D. Manganese exposure
B. Vitamin B12 deficiency
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Explanation: Parkinsonism can be caused by various conditions, including the use of antipsychotic medications, manganese exposure, and stroke. Vitamin B12 deficiency is not a common cause of parkinsonism; it is more commonly associated with peripheral neuropathy and cognitive impairment.
Which of the following medications is commonly used as the first-line treatment for motor symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease?
A. Pramipexole
B. Amantadine
C. Selegiline
D. Levodopa
D. Levodopa
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Explanation: Levodopa is the most effective medication for the treatment of motor symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease. It is often combined with carbidopa to enhance its efficacy and reduce side effects.
Which of the following is a common non-motor symptom of Parkinson’s Disease?
A. Tremor
B. Hallucinations
C. Weight gain
D. Hypertension
B. Hallucinations
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Explanation: Hallucinations are a common non-motor symptom of Parkinson’s Disease, often related to the disease itself or as a side effect of dopaminergic medications. Note- tremor is a motor symptom.
Which one of the following best describes chorea?
A. Involuntary, rhythmic, oscillatory movements
B. Sustained muscle contractions causing twisting movements
C. Involuntary, brief, and irregular movements
D. Sudden, brief, shock-like muscle contractions
C. Involuntary, brief, and irregular movements
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Explanation: Chorea is characterized by involuntary, rapid, and irregular movements that can affect the limbs, face, and trunk. These movements are unpredictable and can flow from one muscle group to another, distinguishing chorea from other types of movement disorders.
A 45-year-old female presents with involuntary, jerky movements and cognitive decline. Her father had similar symptoms. Which one of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
B. Multiple sclerosis
C. Huntington’s disease
D. Parkinson’s disease
C. Huntington’s disease
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Explanation: The patient’s symptoms of involuntary, jerky movements (chorea) and cognitive decline, along with a family history of similar symptoms, are characteristic of Huntington’s disease, a genetic neurodegenerative disorder.
Which option below best describes the pattern of inheritance in Huntington’s Disease?
A. Autosomal dominant
B. Autosomal recessive
C. X-linked recessive
D. Mitochondrial
A. Autosomal dominant
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Explanation: Huntington’s Disease is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, meaning that a single copy of the mutated gene from an affected parent can cause the disease.
Which one of the following is an important aspect of the management of Huntington’s Disease?
A. Radiation therapy
B. Bone marrow transplant
C. Multidisciplinary care
D. Gene therapy
C. Multidisciplinary care
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Explanation: Multidisciplinary care is crucial in the management of Huntington’s Disease, involving neurologists, psychiatrists, physical therapists, occupational therapists, and social workers to address the complex motor, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms.
