Weekly Check Point - Headache and Seizures Flashcards
A 30-year-old female presents with a unilateral, pulsating headache that lasts for several hours and is associated with nausea and photophobia. She has no other symptoms and was previously well.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Tension-type headache
B. Migraine
C. Cluster headache
D. Trigeminal neuralgia
B. Migraine
A patient presents with a sudden, severe headache described as “the worst headache of my life.” You suspect a ‘thunderclap’ headache.
Which condition should be ruled out first?
A. Cluster headache
B. Subarachnoid haemorrhage
C. Tension-type headache
D. Migraine
B. Subarachnoid haemorrhage
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of tension-type headaches?
A. Photophobia and phonophobia
B. Severe, unilateral orbital pain
C. Nausea and vomiting
D. Bilateral, pressing or tightening pain
D. Bilateral, pressing or tightening pain
A 35-year-old male presents with severe, unilateral headache attacks that occur around the same time each day and are associated with lacrimation and nasal congestion.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Cluster headache
B. Migraine
C. Tension-type headache
D. Sinus headache
A. Cluster headache
Which of the following best defines epilepsy?
A. A syndrome characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures
B. Seizures caused by a reversible medical condition
C. A single unprovoked seizure
D. Seizures occurring only during sleep
A. A syndrome characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures
A 25-year-old female presents with sudden, brief episodes of blankly staring ahead and unresponsiveness lasting about 10 seconds. There are no post-ictal symptoms described. These episodes occur multiple times a day.
What type of seizure is she most likely experiencing?
A. Absence seizure
B. Complex partial seizure
C. Tonic-clonic seizure
D. Myoclonic seizure
A. Absence seizure
A patient with a history of epilepsy presents with prolonged generalised tonic-clonic seizures lasting more than 5 minutes.
What is the term for this condition?
A. Tonic status
B. Absence status
C. Myoclonic status
D. Status epilepticus
D. Status epilepticus
Which of the following is an important aspect of the management of status epilepticus?
A. Administration of benzodiazepines
B. Long-term use of antipsychotics
C. Initiation of ketogenic diet
D. Surgical intervention
A. Administration of benzodiazepines
A 35-year-old female experiences episodes of sudden jerking movements in her right hand while remaining fully conscious and aware.
What type of seizure is she most likely experiencing?
A. Myoclonic seizure
B. Absence seizure
C. Tonic-clonic seizure
D. Focal seizure with retained awareness (simple partial seizure)
D. Focal seizure with retained awareness (simple partial seizure)
Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of valproate in the treatment of epilepsy?
A. Inhibits calcium channels and enhances glutamate release
B. Inhibits dopamine receptors and enhances serotonin release
C. Blocks GABA transaminase and blocks sodium channels
D. Modulates potassium channels and inhibits acetylcholine release
C. Blocks GABA transaminase and blocks sodium channels
