week2-Social & Cultural personalities Flashcards
What methodological issues are there in cross cultural personality research and one way to counter this
Inaccurate translations of words/concepts, wrong interpretations due to different languages ; counter this using translation + back translation = if mostly the same, then construct validity is high. Strong validity if it predicts the same thing across cultural groups.
Research about the big 5 and NEO-PI-R across culture and cite one study
Broad agreement that the big 5 are seen in most cultures with similar patterns btw some traits and personality disorders (McRae & Alli, 2002 - translated into 40+ languages and conducted across 30+ countries)
How are age differences in personality trait changes across cultures?
Around 20yo people become lower in extraversion; in their mid 20s they become more agreeable = pattern is found in other countries similarly to the US
What is the view of social-cognitive theory?
It combines behavioural, cognitive perspectives and stresses the interaction btw the two with social aspects too
Includes 5 person variables that represent individual differences between people - they try to capture the characteristic ways in which an individual interpret aspects of themselves and external/social situations.
What is the CAPS model, by who
Cognitive-affective personality system ; by Walter Mischel and Shonda 1995 created in opposition to behaviourism
Sees personality as a distinct pattern of different variations - context dependent
Name the 5 personal variables that form the personality system as per the CAPS model + SHORT description of each
1- ENCODING : how we mentally represent and encode things, cognition
2- EXPECTANCIES & BELIEFS : We we expect and believe about the situation : include LOCUS OF CONTROL (Internal vs External) as per Rotter and SELF-EFFICACY as per Bandura
3 - GOALS & VALUES : Our value system = clearly culturally driven ; guide our behaviour
4 - AFFECT: emotional regulation
5 - SELF REGULATION : energy devoted to regulating the system
Two limitations of the CAPS model
Complicated and ignores biological aspects of personality
Social Constructionism view of personality describe
Personality is distributed, relational/social and multifaceted (vivian burr 1995); language is used to construct our reality of who we are, which can be shared with others and therefore co-constructed = social
Describe the idea of personality as a narrative and cite main figure
Our life stories are influenced by the narratives and narrative forms we are exposed to.
Therefore to really know someone is to learn about their narrative through language = knowing their narrative to explore their personality, their reality.
