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MY skin/musculoskeletal > Week1Anatomy > Flashcards

Week1Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Scapula (parts)

A
  • inferior angle
  • medial, superior, & lateral border
  • spine
  • acromion
  • supraspinous fossa
  • suprascapular notch
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2
Q

Humerus (parts)

A

-head
-anatomical neck
-surgical neck
-greater tubercle
-lesser tubercle
deltoid tuberosity

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3
Q

clavicle

A

know it!

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4
Q

vertebral column

A

protects Spinal cord

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5
Q

Accessory nerve

A

O: from C1 to C6 segments of spinal cord
In: trapezius

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6
Q

transverse cervical artery

A

runs near levator scapulae and accessory nerve (can’t always see this)
O: from thyrocervical trunk [branch of subclavian artery]

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7
Q

Rhomboid (major & minor)

A 
-under trapezius
O: spinous processes of C7 to T5
I: medial border of the scapula
N: dorsal scapular nerve
FXN: retract the scapula & depress the glenoid cavity
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8
Q

levator scapulae muscle

A

O: transverse processes of C1-C4
I: upper portion of medial border of scapula
N: dorsal scapular nerve
FXN: elevate scapula

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9
Q

latissimus dorsi muscle

A

O: spinous processes below T6, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest and lower 3 or 4 ribs
I: intertubercular groove of humerous
N: thoracodorsal
FXN: extends, adducts, & medially rotates upper extremity

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10
Q

serratus anterior muscle

A

O: lateral border of ribs 1-8
I: medial border of the scapula.
N: long thoracic nerve
FXN: protracts the scapula and holds it against the body wall. & facilitates rotation of the scapula.

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11
Q

triangle of auscultation

A

formed by:

  • trapezius
  • rhomboid major
  • latissimus dorsi
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12
Q

deltoid muscle

A

O: lateral third of the clavicle, the acromion, and the spine of scapula
I: deltoid tuberosity of the humerus.
N: axillary nerve.
FXN: (functions vary depending upon the part that is functioning)
—an abductor of the upper extremity is most significant.

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13
Q

axillary nerve

A

In: deltoid muscle

-passes through quadrangular space to deep surface of deltoid muscle

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14
Q

subacromial bursa

A

aka subdeltoid bursa

-deep to deltoid muscle and acromion

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15
Q

supraspinatous muscle

A 
-above spine of scapula
O: respective fossae of the scapula 
I: greater tubercle of the humerus.  
N:suprascapular nerve.  
BS: suprascapular artery, a branch of the thyrocervical trunk that originates from the subclavian artery
FXN: part of rotator cuff
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16
Q

infraspinatous muscle

A

-below scapular spine
O: respective fossae of the scapula
I: greater tubercle of the humerus.
N:suprascapular nerve.
BS: suprascapular artery, a branch of the thyrocervical trunk that originates from the subclavian artery
FXN: part of rotator cuff, laterally rotates upper extremity

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17
Q

teres minor muscle

A 
O: lateral border of the scapula
I: greater tubercle of the humerus
N: axillary nerve.  
FXN: Along with the infraspinatus, it laterally rotates the upper extremity.
-part of rotator cuff
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18
Q

teres major muscle

A

O: inferior angle of the scapula
I: medial lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus
N: lower subscapular nerve.

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19
Q

long head of triceps

A

part of quadrilateral/quadrangular space

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20
Q

quadrilateral or quadrangular space

A

formed by:

  • humerus
  • long head of the triceps
  • teres major
  • teres minor
  • *axillary nerve & posterior circumflex humeral artery/vein pass through this space
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21
Q

posterior circumflex humeral artery

A

runs w/ axillary nerve through the quadrangular space

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22
Q

transverse scapular ligament

A

bridges over the suprascapular notch

-The suprascapular nerve passes below the ligament, while the suprascapular artery and vein pass above

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23
Q

suprascapular notch

A

a divot in the superior part of the scapula where:

  • transverse scapular ligament covers it
  • suprascapular nerve passes under ligament
  • suprascapulara/v passes over it
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24
Q

suprascapular artery and nerve

A

suprascapular nerve passes below the ligament, while the suprascapular artery and vein pass above

-think navy under the bridge via water, army over the bridge)

25
Q

omohyoid muscle

A

Ignore this possibly…
-consists of two bellies, a superior and an inferior. –superior belly is attached to the hyoid bone, while the inferior belly attaches to the superior border of the scapula immediately medial to the suprascapular notch.

26
Q

How many vertebra are in each region of the vertebral column?

A 
cervical=7
thoracic= 12
lumbar=5
sacral=1 (fusion of 5 segments)
coccyx=1 (fusion of 3-4 segments)
27
Q

parts of a general vertebra

A 
spinous process
lamina
costal facet
transverse process
superior articular facet
pedicle
vertebral foramen
vertebral body
28
Q

trapezius

A 
O: 
I:
N: accessory nerve
BS: superficial branch of transverse cervical artery
Fxn:
29
Q

What causes winged scapula?

A

injury to long thoracic nerve

30
Q

what is painful arc syndrome?

A

calcification of the supraspinatous tendon that leads to inflammation of subacromial bursa
=pain on aBduction of upper extremity
-60-120 degreees of motion will be painful

31
Q

rotator cuff

A 
SITS
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis
32
Q

subscapularis

A

N:subscapular nerve
FXN: internal rotation

33
Q

erector spinae muscles

A

consists of 3 muscles, the iliocostalis, longissimus and spinalis
FXN: extensors of the trunk.
N: deep muscles of the back=dorsal rami of spinal nerves.

34
Q

internal vertebral venous plexus

A

In epidural space

  • **Valveless!
  • blood can flow in either direction in these vessels
  • drain the vertebrae and communicate with cervical, intercostal, lumbar and sacral veins
  • connected to veins outside the vertebral column via the intervertebral foramen
35
Q

dura mater

A

tough covering that encloses the spinal cord

  • separated from the bones of the vertebral column by the epidural space
  • under [more anterior to] the epidural fat and IVV plexus
  • continues through the intervertebral foramen where it surrounds the spinal nerve and is continuous with the epineurium of the peripheral nerves
36
Q

epidural space

A

space between the dura and the bone of the vertebral canal

-filled with fat and internal vertebral plexus of veins

37
Q

sacrum & sacral hiatus

A

-intervertebral foramen are replaced by the anterior and posterior sacral foramina
-ventral rami of sacral spinal nerves exits through the anterior sacral foramina
-posterior rami exit through the posterior sacral foramina
SACRAL HIATUS: unclosed space between last sacral foramen

38
Q

posterior sacral formina

A

on posterior side of sacrum

-where posterior rami exit

39
Q

arachnoid

A
  • under dura
  • thin, shiny membrane covering the spinal cord
  • contains CSF and creates subarachnoid space [between it and pia]
40
Q

subarachnoid space

A

beneath the arachnoid membrane

  • contains CSF
  • above pia
41
Q

pia mater

A

intimately attached to the spinal cord

42
Q

denticulate ligaments

A

formed by the pia

-extend from the spinal cord to pierce the arachnoid membrane and attach to the dura

43
Q

conus medullaris

A

tapering of the actual SC [end] gives rise to sacral segments of SC
-just after the lumbar enlargement

44
Q

internal medullary filum

A

continuation of the pia

-fuses with the arachnoid and dura at approximately the S2.

45
Q

cauda equina

A

cluster of nerves that look like a horse’s tail in the lumbar cistern

46
Q

lumbar cistern

A

after the spinal cord ends, this is what the subarachnoid space filled with CSF is

47
Q

dorsal & ventral roots

A

just inside the vertebral foramina

-the area where dorsal/ventral rootlets meet

48
Q

dorsal & ventral primary rami

A

dig deep to find these—hard to test on

49
Q

Lordosis

A

lower back curves inward (anteriorly)

50
Q

kyphosis

A

hunchback

51
Q

scoliosis

A

sideways curvature of the spine

-“S” like

52
Q

laminectomy

A

removing spinous processes of the vertebra by cutting through both right and left lamina

53
Q

ligamentum flavum

A

connect spinous processes of vertebra together

-on anterior side of processes, posterior within the spinal canal

54
Q

intervertebral disc

A

made of fibrocartilage

55
Q

anulus fibrosus

A

-outermost covering of the disc consists of dense connective tissue

56
Q

nucleus pulposus

A

a jelly-like substance forming the core of the disc, and in ruptured discs is the material extruded when herniation occurs.

57
Q

where does the spinal cord normally end in adults?

A

L1/L2 region…

58
Q

Where do you perform a lumbar puncture? how do you find this space?

A

between the spinal processes of L3 & L4

-aligns with the top of iliac crests

MY skin/musculoskeletal (4 decks)

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